ISO/TR 14049:2012
Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis
ISO/TR 14049:2012 provides examples about practices in carrying out a life cycle inventory analysis (LCI) as a means of satisfying certain provisions of ISO 14044:2006. These examples are only a sample of the possible cases satisfying the provisions of ISO 14044. They offer "a way" or "ways" rather than the "unique way" for the application of ISO 14044. These examples reflect only portions of a complete LCI study.
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Scope
General
Examples of developing functions, functional units and refer
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Identification of functions
Selection of functions and definition of functional unit
Identification of performance of the product and determinati
Additional examples
Examples of distinguishing functions of comparative systems
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Identification and selection of functions
Equivalence of reference flows
Adjusting for performance differences
Examples of establishing inputs and outputs of unit processe
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Determining the product system’s unit processes and their bo
Initial collection of data at each unit processes
Initial estimate of material and energy flows
Applying decision rules
Decision rules for mass contribution
Decision rules for energy
Decision rules for environmental relevance
5.7 Inputs, outputs and system boundaries established
Examples of avoiding allocation
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Example of allocation avoidance by dividing the unit process
Example of allocation avoidance by expanding the boundaries
Examples of allocation
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Description of the examples
Example of allocation on a purely physical relationships
Example of allocation on a purely economic basis
Example of applying allocation procedures for recycling
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Description of the examples
Example of closed loop recycling
Example of open-loop with closed loop recycling procedure
Open loop recycling
Basis for allocation
Determination of uses for recovered/recycled kraft bleached
Calculation of the number of uses
Calculation of the allocation factor based on the number of
Final loadings to the different systems
Examples of conducting data quality assessment
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Data requirements to establish the specific listing of sites
Time-related coverage
Geographical coverage
Technology coverage
Requirements to characterize the quality of the data
Precision
Completeness
Representativeness
Consistency
Reproducibility
Identification of anomalies/missing data
Examples of performing sensitivity analysis
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Description of the examples
General
Prioritization of the parameters to be tested
Selection of the parameters to be tested
Overview of the example
Types of sensitivity analysis applicable to the study
Selecting a range of values within feasible boundaries
Calculations
Conclusions
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Scope
General
Examples of developing functions, functional units and refer
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Identification of functions
Selection of functions and definition of functional unit
Identification of performance of the product and determinati
Additional examples
Examples of distinguishing functions of comparative systems
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Identification and selection of functions
Equivalence of reference flows
Adjusting for performance differences
Examples of establishing inputs and outputs of unit processe
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Determining the product system’s unit processes and their bo
Initial collection of data at each unit processes
Initial estimate of material and energy flows
Applying decision rules
Decision rules for mass contribution
Decision rules for energy
Decision rules for environmental relevance
5.7 Inputs, outputs and system boundaries established
Examples of avoiding allocation
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Example of allocation avoidance by dividing the unit process
Example of allocation avoidance by expanding the boundaries
Examples of allocation
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Description of the examples
Example of allocation on a purely physical relationships
Example of allocation on a purely economic basis
Example of applying allocation procedures for recycling
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Description of the examples
Example of closed loop recycling
Example of open-loop with closed loop recycling procedure
Open loop recycling
Basis for allocation
Determination of uses for recovered/recycled kraft bleached
Calculation of the number of uses
Calculation of the allocation factor based on the number of
Final loadings to the different systems
Examples of conducting data quality assessment
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Data requirements to establish the specific listing of sites
Time-related coverage
Geographical coverage
Technology coverage
Requirements to characterize the quality of the data
Precision
Completeness
Representativeness
Consistency
Reproducibility
Identification of anomalies/missing data
Examples of performing sensitivity analysis
Context of ISO 14044
Overview
Description of the examples
General
Prioritization of the parameters to be tested
Selection of the parameters to be tested
Overview of the example
Types of sensitivity analysis applicable to the study
Selecting a range of values within feasible boundaries
Calculations
Conclusions