ISO/IEC 9075-2:2023
Information technology — Database languages SQL — Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation)
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Contents
Tables
Figures
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Definitions taken from ISO/IEC 10646:2020
3.2 Definitions taken from ISO/IEC 14651:2020
3.3 Definitions taken from ISO 8601-1:2019
3.4 Definitions taken from XQuery and XPath Functions and Operators 3.1
3.5 Definitions provided in this document
4 Concepts
4.1 Notations and conventions
4.1.1 Notations
4.1.2 Use of terms
4.2 Data types
4.2.1 General introduction to data types
4.2.2 Naming of predefined types
4.2.3 Host language data types
4.2.4 Data type terminology
4.2.5 Properties of distinct
4.3 Character strings
4.3.1 Introduction to character strings
4.3.2 Comparison of character strings
4.3.3 Operations involving character strings
4.3.3.1 Regular expression syntaxes
4.3.3.2 Operators that operate on character strings and return character strings
4.3.3.3 Other operators involving character strings
4.3.3.4 Operations involving large object character strings
4.3.4 Character repertoires
4.3.5 Character encoding forms
4.3.6 Collations
4.3.7 Character sets
4.3.8 Universal character sets
4.4 Binary strings
4.4.1 Introduction to binary strings
4.4.2 Binary string comparison
4.4.3 Operations involving binary strings
4.4.3.1 Operators that operate on binary strings and return binary strings
4.4.3.2 Other operators involving binary strings
4.5 Numbers
4.5.1 Introduction to numbers
4.5.2 Characteristics of numbers
4.5.3 Operations involving numbers
4.6 Boolean types
4.6.1 Introduction to Boolean types
4.6.2 Comparison and assignment of Booleans
4.6.3 Operations involving Booleans
4.6.3.1 Operations on Booleans that return Booleans
4.6.3.2 Other operators involving Booleans
4.7 Datetimes and intervals
4.7.1 Introduction to datetimes and intervals
4.7.2 Datetimes
4.7.3 Intervals
4.7.4 Operations involving datetimes and intervals
4.8 JSON types
4.8.1 Introduction to JSON types
4.8.2 Comparison and assignment of JSON values
4.8.3 Operations involving JSON values
4.9 User-defined types
4.9.1 Introduction to user-defined types
4.9.2 Distinct types
4.9.3 Structured types
4.9.3.1 Introduction to structured types
4.9.3.2 Observer functions and mutator functions
4.9.3.3 Constructors
4.9.3.4 Subtypes and supertypes
4.9.4 Methods
4.9.5 User-defined type comparison and assignment
4.9.6 Transforms for user-defined types
4.9.7 User-defined type descriptor
4.10 Row types
4.11 Reference types
4.11.1 Introduction to reference types
4.11.2 Operations involving references
4.12 Collection types
4.12.1 Introduction to collection types
4.12.2 Arrays
4.12.3 Multisets
4.12.4 Collection comparison and assignment
4.12.5 Operations involving arrays
4.12.5.1 Operators that operate on array values and return array elements
4.12.5.2 Operators that operate on array values and return array values
4.12.5.3 Operators that operate on array values and return numbers
4.12.6 Operations involving multisets
4.12.6.1 Operators that operate on multisets and return multiset elements
4.12.6.2 Operators that operate on multisets and return multisets
4.12.6.3 Operators that operate on multiset values and return numbers
4.13 Data conversions
4.14 Domains
4.15 Columns, fields, and attributes
4.16 Periods
4.16.1 Introduction to periods
4.16.2 Operations involving periods
4.17 Tables
4.17.1 Introduction to tables
4.17.2 Base tables
4.17.2.1 Introduction to base tables
4.17.2.2 Regular persistent base tables
4.17.2.3 System-versioned tables
4.17.2.4 Temporary tables
4.17.3 Derived tables
4.17.4 Transient tables
4.17.5 Unique identification of tables
4.17.6 Table updatability
4.17.7 Table descriptors
4.17.8 Syntactic analysis of derived tables and cursors
4.17.9 Referenceable tables, subtables, and supertables
4.17.10 Operations involving tables
4.17.11 Range variables
4.17.12 Identity columns
4.17.13 Base columns and generated columns
4.17.14 Grouped tables
4.17.15 Windowed tables
4.18 Data analysis operations
4.18.1 Introduction to data analysis operations
4.18.2 Group functions
4.18.3 Window functions
4.18.4 Aggregate functions
4.18.5 Row pattern measures
4.19 Row pattern matching
4.19.1 Introduction to row pattern matching
4.19.2 Matching rows with a pattern
4.19.3 Row pattern matching illustrated
4.19.4 Row pattern partitioning
4.19.5 Row ordering
4.19.6 Row pattern measure columns
4.19.7 Number of rows per match
4.19.8 Skipping rows after matching
4.20 Row patterns
4.21 Unions of row pattern variables
4.22 Defining Boolean conditions
4.23 Scalar expressions in row pattern matching
4.23.1 Introduction to scalars in row pattern matching
4.23.2 Running vs. final semantics
4.23.3 Row pattern navigation operations
4.23.4 Row pattern classifier function
4.23.5 Row pattern match number function
4.24 Determinism
4.25 Integrity constraints
4.25.1 Overview of integrity constraints
4.25.2 Checking of constraints
4.25.3 Table constraints
4.25.3.1 Introduction to table constraints
4.25.3.2 Unique constraints
4.25.3.3 Referential constraints
4.25.3.4 Table check constraints
4.25.4 Domain constraints
4.25.5 Assertions
4.26 Functional dependencies
4.26.1 Overview of functional dependency rules and notations
4.26.2 General rules and definitions
4.26.3 Known functional dependencies in a base table
4.26.4 Known functional dependencies in a viewed table
4.26.5 Known functional dependencies in a transition table
4.26.6 Known functional dependencies in
4.26.7 Known functional dependencies in a
4.26.8 Known functional dependencies in a
4.26.9 Known functional dependencies in a
4.26.10 Known functional dependencies in a
4.26.11 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.12 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.13 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.14 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.15 Known functional dependencies in a
4.26.16 Known functional dependencies in a
4.27 Candidate keys
4.28 SQL-schemas
4.29 Sequence generators
4.29.1 General description of sequence generators
4.29.2 Operations involving sequence generators
4.30 SQL-client modules
4.31 Embedded syntax
4.32 Dynamic SQL concepts
4.32.1 Introduction to dynamic SQL
4.32.2 Overview of dynamic SQL for constructed SQL-statements
4.32.3 Overview of dynamic SQL for polymorphic table functions
4.32.4 Dynamic SQL statements and descriptor areas
4.33 Direct invocation of SQL
4.34 Externally-invoked procedures
4.35 SQL-invoked routines
4.35.1 Overview of SQL-invoked routines
4.35.2 Characteristics of SQL-invoked routines
4.35.3 Execution of conventional SQL-invoked routines
4.35.4 Invocation of polymorphic table functions
4.35.5 Routine descriptors
4.35.6 Result sets returned by SQL-invoked procedures
4.36 SQL-paths
4.37 Host parameters
4.37.1 Overview of host parameters
4.37.2 Status parameters
4.37.3 Data parameters
4.37.4 Indicator parameters
4.37.5 Locators
4.38 Diagnostics area
4.39 Host languages
4.40 Cursors
4.40.1 General description of cursors
4.40.2 Operations on and using cursors
4.41 SQL-statements
4.41.1 Classes of SQL-statements
4.41.2 SQL-statements classified by function
4.41.2.1 SQL-schema statements
4.41.2.2 SQL-data statements
4.41.2.3 SQL-data change statements
4.41.2.4 SQL-transaction statements
4.41.2.5 SQL-connection statements
4.41.2.6 SQL-control statements
4.41.2.7 SQL-session statements
4.41.2.8 SQL-diagnostics statements
4.41.2.9 SQL-dynamic statements
4.41.2.10 SQL embedded exception declaration
4.41.3 SQL-statements and SQL-data access indication
4.41.4 SQL-statements and transaction states
4.41.5 SQL-statement atomicity and statement execution contexts
4.41.6 Embeddable SQL-statements
4.41.7 Preparable and immediately executable SQL-statements
4.41.8 Directly executable SQL-statements
4.42 Basic security model
4.42.1 Authorization identifiers
4.42.1.1 Introduction to authorization identifiers
4.42.1.2 SQL-session authorization identifiers
4.42.1.3 SQL-client module authorization identifiers
4.42.1.4 SQL-schema authorization identifiers
4.42.2 Privileges
4.42.3 Roles
4.42.4 Security model definitions
4.43 SQL-transactions
4.43.1 General description of SQL-transactions
4.43.2 Savepoints
4.43.3 Properties of SQL-transactions
4.43.4 Isolation levels of SQL-transactions
4.43.5 Implicit rollbacks
4.43.6 Effects of SQL-statements in an SQL-transaction
4.43.7 Encompassing transactions
4.43.7.1 Encompassing transaction belonging to an external agent
4.43.7.2 Encompassing transaction belonging to the SQL-agent
4.44 SQL-connections
4.45 SQL-sessions
4.45.1 General description of SQL-sessions
4.45.2 SQL-session identification
4.45.3 SQL-session properties
4.45.4 SQL-session context management
4.45.5 Execution contexts
4.45.6 Routine execution context
4.46 Triggers
4.46.1 General description of triggers
4.46.2 Trigger execution
4.47 Client-server operation
4.48 JSON data handling in SQL
4.48.1 Introduction
4.48.2 Implied JSON data model
4.48.3 SQL/JSON data model
4.48.4 SQL/JSON functions
4.48.5 Overview of SQL/JSON path language
5 Lexical elements
5.1
5.2
and 5.3
5.4 Names and identifiers
6 Scalar expressions
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
and 6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
6.39
6.40
6.41
6.42
6.43
6.44
6.45
6.46
6.47
6.48
6.49
6.50
6.51
6.52
7 Query expressions
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
8 Predicates
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
8.22
8.23
9 Additional common rules
9.1 Retrieval assignment
9.2 Store assignment
9.3 Passing a value from a host language to the SQL-server
9.4 Passing a value from the SQL-server to a host language
9.5 Result of data type combinations
9.6 Subject routine determination
9.7 Type precedence list determination
9.8 Host parameter mode determination
9.9 Type name determination
9.10 Determination of identical values
9.11 Equality operations
9.12 Grouping operations
9.13 Multiset element grouping operations
9.14 Ordering operations
9.15 Collation determination
9.16 Potential sources of non-determinism
9.17 Executing an
9.18 Invoking an SQL-invoked routine
9.19 Processing a method invocation
9.20 Transformation of query specifications
9.21 Execution of array-returning external functions
9.22 Execution of multiset-returning external functions
9.23 Evaluation and transformation of
9.24 Compilation of an invocation of a polymorphic table function
9.25 Execution of an invocation of a polymorphic table function
9.26 Signatures of PTF component procedures
9.27 Invocation of a PTF component procedure
9.28 XQuery regular expression matching
9.29 XQuery regular expression replacement
9.30 Data type identity
9.31 Determination of a from-sql function
9.32 Determination of a from-sql function for an overriding method
9.33 Determination of a to-sql function
9.34 Determination of a to-sql function for an overriding method
9.35 Generation of the next value of a sequence generator
9.36 Creation of a sequence generator
9.37 Altering a sequence generator
9.38 Generation of the hierarchical
of a view 9.39 Determination of view privileges
9.40 Determination of view component privileges
9.41 Row pattern recognition in a sequence of rows
9.42 Parsing JSON text
9.43 Serializing an SQL/JSON item
9.44 Converting an SQL/JSON sequence to an SQL/JSON item
9.45 SQL/JSON path language: lexical elements
9.46 SQL/JSON path language: syntax and semantics
9.47 Processing
9.48 Casting an SQL/JSON sequence to an SQL type
9.49 Serializing an SQL/JSON sequence to an SQL string type
9.50 Converting a datetime to a formatted character string
9.51 Converting a formatted character string to a datetime
9.52 Datetime templates
10 Additional common elements
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
and 10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
11 Schema definition and manipulation
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
11.20
11.21
11.22
11.23
11.24
11.25
11.26
11.27
11.28
11.29
11.30
11.31
11.32
11.33
11.34
11.35
11.36
11.37
11.38
11.39
11.40
11.41
11.42
11.43
11.44
11.45
11.46
11.47
11.48
11.49
11.50
11.51
11.52
11.53
11.54
11.55
11.56
11.57
11.58
11.59
11.60
11.61
11.62
11.63
11.64
11.65
11.66
11.67
11.68
11.69
11.70
11.71
11.72
11.73
11.74
12 Access control
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8 Grantor determination
13 SQL-client modules
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5 Data type correspondences
14 Data manipulation
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10
14.11
14.12
14.13
14.14
14.15
14.16
14.17
14.18
15 Additional data manipulation rules
15.1 Effect of opening a cursor
15.2 Effect of receiving a result set
15.3 Determination of the current row of a cursor
15.4 Effect of closing a cursor
15.5 Evaluating a
15.6 Effect of a positioned delete
15.7 Effect of a positioned update
15.8 Effect of deleting rows from base tables
15.9 Effect of deleting some rows from a derived table
15.10 Effect of deleting some rows from a viewed table
15.11 Effect of inserting tables into base tables
15.12 Effect of inserting a table into a derived table
15.13 Effect of inserting a table into a viewed table
15.14 Effect of replacing rows in base tables
15.15 Effect of replacing some rows in a derived table
15.16 Effect of replacing some rows in a viewed table
15.17 Checking of views that specify CHECK OPTION
15.18 Execution of referential actions
15.19 Execution of BEFORE triggers
15.20 Execution of AFTER triggers
15.21 Execution of triggers
16 Control statements
16.1
16.2
17 Transaction management
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
18 Connection management
18.1
18.2
18.3
19 Session management
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
19.10
20 Dynamic SQL
20.1 Description of SQL descriptor areas
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
20.10
20.11
20.12
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Contents
Tables
Figures
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Definitions taken from ISO/IEC 10646:2020
3.2 Definitions taken from ISO/IEC 14651:2020
3.3 Definitions taken from ISO 8601-1:2019
3.4 Definitions taken from XQuery and XPath Functions and Operators 3.1
3.5 Definitions provided in this document
4 Concepts
4.1 Notations and conventions
4.1.1 Notations
4.1.2 Use of terms
4.2 Data types
4.2.1 General introduction to data types
4.2.2 Naming of predefined types
4.2.3 Host language data types
4.2.4 Data type terminology
4.2.5 Properties of distinct
4.3 Character strings
4.3.1 Introduction to character strings
4.3.2 Comparison of character strings
4.3.3 Operations involving character strings
4.3.3.1 Regular expression syntaxes
4.3.3.2 Operators that operate on character strings and return character strings
4.3.3.3 Other operators involving character strings
4.3.3.4 Operations involving large object character strings
4.3.4 Character repertoires
4.3.5 Character encoding forms
4.3.6 Collations
4.3.7 Character sets
4.3.8 Universal character sets
4.4 Binary strings
4.4.1 Introduction to binary strings
4.4.2 Binary string comparison
4.4.3 Operations involving binary strings
4.4.3.1 Operators that operate on binary strings and return binary strings
4.4.3.2 Other operators involving binary strings
4.5 Numbers
4.5.1 Introduction to numbers
4.5.2 Characteristics of numbers
4.5.3 Operations involving numbers
4.6 Boolean types
4.6.1 Introduction to Boolean types
4.6.2 Comparison and assignment of Booleans
4.6.3 Operations involving Booleans
4.6.3.1 Operations on Booleans that return Booleans
4.6.3.2 Other operators involving Booleans
4.7 Datetimes and intervals
4.7.1 Introduction to datetimes and intervals
4.7.2 Datetimes
4.7.3 Intervals
4.7.4 Operations involving datetimes and intervals
4.8 JSON types
4.8.1 Introduction to JSON types
4.8.2 Comparison and assignment of JSON values
4.8.3 Operations involving JSON values
4.9 User-defined types
4.9.1 Introduction to user-defined types
4.9.2 Distinct types
4.9.3 Structured types
4.9.3.1 Introduction to structured types
4.9.3.2 Observer functions and mutator functions
4.9.3.3 Constructors
4.9.3.4 Subtypes and supertypes
4.9.4 Methods
4.9.5 User-defined type comparison and assignment
4.9.6 Transforms for user-defined types
4.9.7 User-defined type descriptor
4.10 Row types
4.11 Reference types
4.11.1 Introduction to reference types
4.11.2 Operations involving references
4.12 Collection types
4.12.1 Introduction to collection types
4.12.2 Arrays
4.12.3 Multisets
4.12.4 Collection comparison and assignment
4.12.5 Operations involving arrays
4.12.5.1 Operators that operate on array values and return array elements
4.12.5.2 Operators that operate on array values and return array values
4.12.5.3 Operators that operate on array values and return numbers
4.12.6 Operations involving multisets
4.12.6.1 Operators that operate on multisets and return multiset elements
4.12.6.2 Operators that operate on multisets and return multisets
4.12.6.3 Operators that operate on multiset values and return numbers
4.13 Data conversions
4.14 Domains
4.15 Columns, fields, and attributes
4.16 Periods
4.16.1 Introduction to periods
4.16.2 Operations involving periods
4.17 Tables
4.17.1 Introduction to tables
4.17.2 Base tables
4.17.2.1 Introduction to base tables
4.17.2.2 Regular persistent base tables
4.17.2.3 System-versioned tables
4.17.2.4 Temporary tables
4.17.3 Derived tables
4.17.4 Transient tables
4.17.5 Unique identification of tables
4.17.6 Table updatability
4.17.7 Table descriptors
4.17.8 Syntactic analysis of derived tables and cursors
4.17.9 Referenceable tables, subtables, and supertables
4.17.10 Operations involving tables
4.17.11 Range variables
4.17.12 Identity columns
4.17.13 Base columns and generated columns
4.17.14 Grouped tables
4.17.15 Windowed tables
4.18 Data analysis operations
4.18.1 Introduction to data analysis operations
4.18.2 Group functions
4.18.3 Window functions
4.18.4 Aggregate functions
4.18.5 Row pattern measures
4.19 Row pattern matching
4.19.1 Introduction to row pattern matching
4.19.2 Matching rows with a pattern
4.19.3 Row pattern matching illustrated
4.19.4 Row pattern partitioning
4.19.5 Row ordering
4.19.6 Row pattern measure columns
4.19.7 Number of rows per match
4.19.8 Skipping rows after matching
4.20 Row patterns
4.21 Unions of row pattern variables
4.22 Defining Boolean conditions
4.23 Scalar expressions in row pattern matching
4.23.1 Introduction to scalars in row pattern matching
4.23.2 Running vs. final semantics
4.23.3 Row pattern navigation operations
4.23.4 Row pattern classifier function
4.23.5 Row pattern match number function
4.24 Determinism
4.25 Integrity constraints
4.25.1 Overview of integrity constraints
4.25.2 Checking of constraints
4.25.3 Table constraints
4.25.3.1 Introduction to table constraints
4.25.3.2 Unique constraints
4.25.3.3 Referential constraints
4.25.3.4 Table check constraints
4.25.4 Domain constraints
4.25.5 Assertions
4.26 Functional dependencies
4.26.1 Overview of functional dependency rules and notations
4.26.2 General rules and definitions
4.26.3 Known functional dependencies in a base table
4.26.4 Known functional dependencies in a viewed table
4.26.5 Known functional dependencies in a transition table
4.26.6 Known functional dependencies in
4.26.7 Known functional dependencies in a
4.26.8 Known functional dependencies in a
4.26.9 Known functional dependencies in a
4.26.10 Known functional dependencies in a
4.26.11 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.12 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.13 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.14 Known functional dependencies in the result of a
4.26.15 Known functional dependencies in a
4.26.16 Known functional dependencies in a
4.27 Candidate keys
4.28 SQL-schemas
4.29 Sequence generators
4.29.1 General description of sequence generators
4.29.2 Operations involving sequence generators
4.30 SQL-client modules
4.31 Embedded syntax
4.32 Dynamic SQL concepts
4.32.1 Introduction to dynamic SQL
4.32.2 Overview of dynamic SQL for constructed SQL-statements
4.32.3 Overview of dynamic SQL for polymorphic table functions
4.32.4 Dynamic SQL statements and descriptor areas
4.33 Direct invocation of SQL
4.34 Externally-invoked procedures
4.35 SQL-invoked routines
4.35.1 Overview of SQL-invoked routines
4.35.2 Characteristics of SQL-invoked routines
4.35.3 Execution of conventional SQL-invoked routines
4.35.4 Invocation of polymorphic table functions
4.35.5 Routine descriptors
4.35.6 Result sets returned by SQL-invoked procedures
4.36 SQL-paths
4.37 Host parameters
4.37.1 Overview of host parameters
4.37.2 Status parameters
4.37.3 Data parameters
4.37.4 Indicator parameters
4.37.5 Locators
4.38 Diagnostics area
4.39 Host languages
4.40 Cursors
4.40.1 General description of cursors
4.40.2 Operations on and using cursors
4.41 SQL-statements
4.41.1 Classes of SQL-statements
4.41.2 SQL-statements classified by function
4.41.2.1 SQL-schema statements
4.41.2.2 SQL-data statements
4.41.2.3 SQL-data change statements
4.41.2.4 SQL-transaction statements
4.41.2.5 SQL-connection statements
4.41.2.6 SQL-control statements
4.41.2.7 SQL-session statements
4.41.2.8 SQL-diagnostics statements
4.41.2.9 SQL-dynamic statements
4.41.2.10 SQL embedded exception declaration
4.41.3 SQL-statements and SQL-data access indication
4.41.4 SQL-statements and transaction states
4.41.5 SQL-statement atomicity and statement execution contexts
4.41.6 Embeddable SQL-statements
4.41.7 Preparable and immediately executable SQL-statements
4.41.8 Directly executable SQL-statements
4.42 Basic security model
4.42.1 Authorization identifiers
4.42.1.1 Introduction to authorization identifiers
4.42.1.2 SQL-session authorization identifiers
4.42.1.3 SQL-client module authorization identifiers
4.42.1.4 SQL-schema authorization identifiers
4.42.2 Privileges
4.42.3 Roles
4.42.4 Security model definitions
4.43 SQL-transactions
4.43.1 General description of SQL-transactions
4.43.2 Savepoints
4.43.3 Properties of SQL-transactions
4.43.4 Isolation levels of SQL-transactions
4.43.5 Implicit rollbacks
4.43.6 Effects of SQL-statements in an SQL-transaction
4.43.7 Encompassing transactions
4.43.7.1 Encompassing transaction belonging to an external agent
4.43.7.2 Encompassing transaction belonging to the SQL-agent
4.44 SQL-connections
4.45 SQL-sessions
4.45.1 General description of SQL-sessions
4.45.2 SQL-session identification
4.45.3 SQL-session properties
4.45.4 SQL-session context management
4.45.5 Execution contexts
4.45.6 Routine execution context
4.46 Triggers
4.46.1 General description of triggers
4.46.2 Trigger execution
4.47 Client-server operation
4.48 JSON data handling in SQL
4.48.1 Introduction
4.48.2 Implied JSON data model
4.48.3 SQL/JSON data model
4.48.4 SQL/JSON functions
4.48.5 Overview of SQL/JSON path language
5 Lexical elements
5.1
5.2
and 5.3
5.4 Names and identifiers
6 Scalar expressions
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
and 6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
6.11
6.12
6.13
6.14
6.15
6.16
6.17
6.18
6.19
6.20
6.21
6.22
6.23
6.24
6.25
6.26
6.27
6.28
6.29
6.30
6.31
6.32
6.33
6.34
6.35
6.36
6.37
6.38
6.39
6.40
6.41
6.42
6.43
6.44
6.45
6.46
6.47
6.48
6.49
6.50
6.51
6.52
7 Query expressions
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9
7.10
7.11
7.12
7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16
7.17
7.18
7.19
8 Predicates
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
8.10
8.11
8.12
8.13
8.14
8.15
8.16
8.17
8.18
8.19
8.20
8.21
8.22
8.23
9 Additional common rules
9.1 Retrieval assignment
9.2 Store assignment
9.3 Passing a value from a host language to the SQL-server
9.4 Passing a value from the SQL-server to a host language
9.5 Result of data type combinations
9.6 Subject routine determination
9.7 Type precedence list determination
9.8 Host parameter mode determination
9.9 Type name determination
9.10 Determination of identical values
9.11 Equality operations
9.12 Grouping operations
9.13 Multiset element grouping operations
9.14 Ordering operations
9.15 Collation determination
9.16 Potential sources of non-determinism
9.17 Executing an
9.18 Invoking an SQL-invoked routine
9.19 Processing a method invocation
9.20 Transformation of query specifications
9.21 Execution of array-returning external functions
9.22 Execution of multiset-returning external functions
9.23 Evaluation and transformation of
9.24 Compilation of an invocation of a polymorphic table function
9.25 Execution of an invocation of a polymorphic table function
9.26 Signatures of PTF component procedures
9.27 Invocation of a PTF component procedure
9.28 XQuery regular expression matching
9.29 XQuery regular expression replacement
9.30 Data type identity
9.31 Determination of a from-sql function
9.32 Determination of a from-sql function for an overriding method
9.33 Determination of a to-sql function
9.34 Determination of a to-sql function for an overriding method
9.35 Generation of the next value of a sequence generator
9.36 Creation of a sequence generator
9.37 Altering a sequence generator
9.38 Generation of the hierarchical
of a view 9.39 Determination of view privileges
9.40 Determination of view component privileges
9.41 Row pattern recognition in a sequence of rows
9.42 Parsing JSON text
9.43 Serializing an SQL/JSON item
9.44 Converting an SQL/JSON sequence to an SQL/JSON item
9.45 SQL/JSON path language: lexical elements
9.46 SQL/JSON path language: syntax and semantics
9.47 Processing
9.48 Casting an SQL/JSON sequence to an SQL type
9.49 Serializing an SQL/JSON sequence to an SQL string type
9.50 Converting a datetime to a formatted character string
9.51 Converting a formatted character string to a datetime
9.52 Datetime templates
10 Additional common elements
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
and 10.9
10.10
10.11
10.12
10.13
10.14
11 Schema definition and manipulation
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
11.11
11.12
11.13
11.14
11.15
11.16
11.17
11.18
11.19
11.20
11.21
11.22
11.23
11.24
11.25
11.26
11.27
11.28
11.29
11.30
11.31
11.32
11.33
11.34
11.35
11.36
11.37
11.38
11.39
11.40
11.41
11.42
11.43
11.44
11.45
11.46
11.47
11.48
11.49
11.50
11.51
11.52
11.53
11.54
11.55
11.56
11.57
11.58
11.59
11.60
11.61
11.62
11.63
11.64
11.65
11.66
11.67
11.68
11.69
11.70
11.71
11.72
11.73
11.74
12 Access control
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
12.6
12.7
12.8 Grantor determination
13 SQL-client modules
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5 Data type correspondences
14 Data manipulation
14.1
14.2
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
14.10
14.11
14.12
14.13
14.14
14.15
14.16
14.17
14.18
15 Additional data manipulation rules
15.1 Effect of opening a cursor
15.2 Effect of receiving a result set
15.3 Determination of the current row of a cursor
15.4 Effect of closing a cursor
15.5 Evaluating a
15.6 Effect of a positioned delete
15.7 Effect of a positioned update
15.8 Effect of deleting rows from base tables
15.9 Effect of deleting some rows from a derived table
15.10 Effect of deleting some rows from a viewed table
15.11 Effect of inserting tables into base tables
15.12 Effect of inserting a table into a derived table
15.13 Effect of inserting a table into a viewed table
15.14 Effect of replacing rows in base tables
15.15 Effect of replacing some rows in a derived table
15.16 Effect of replacing some rows in a viewed table
15.17 Checking of views that specify CHECK OPTION
15.18 Execution of referential actions
15.19 Execution of BEFORE triggers
15.20 Execution of AFTER triggers
15.21 Execution of triggers
16 Control statements
16.1
16.2
17 Transaction management
17.1
17.2
17.3
17.4
17.5
17.6
17.7
17.8
18 Connection management
18.1
18.2
18.3
19 Session management
19.1
19.2
19.3
19.4
19.5
19.6
19.7
19.8
19.9
19.10
20 Dynamic SQL
20.1 Description of SQL descriptor areas
20.2
20.3
20.4
20.5
20.6
20.7
20.8
20.9
20.10
20.11
20.12