ISO/IEC 23009-1:2022
Information technology — Dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH) — Part 1: Media presentation description and segment formats
This document primarily specifies formats for the Media Presentation Description and Segments for dynamic adaptive streaming delivery of MPEG media over HTTP. It is applicable to streaming services over the Internet.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1 access unit unit of a media stream (3.1.29) with an assigned Media Presentation time
3.1.2 accessibility degree to which a media content or certain media content components (3.1.22) are available to as many people as possible
3.1.3 Adaptation Set set of interchangeable encoded versions of one or several media content components (3.1.22)
3.1.4 asset content including media and metadata together with the rights to use the content by the content provider
3.1.5 associated Representation Representation (3.1.38) which provides supplemental or descriptive information for at least one other Representation
3.1.6 available Segment Segment (3.1.40) that is accessible at its assigned HTTP-URL (3.1.17) and a possibly assigned byte range that is the request with an HTTP GET results in a reply of the Segment and 2xx status code
3.1.7 Bitstream Switching Segment Segment (3.1.40) that if present contains essential data to switch to the Representation (3.1.38) it is assigned to
3.1.8 complementary Representation Representation (3.1.38) which complements at least one dependent Representation (3.1.12)
3.1.9 continuous media media with an inherent notion of time
3.1.10 DASH metric metric computed by the DASH Client and uniquely identified by a key
3.1.11 data URL URL with a fixed scheme “data”
3.1.12 dependent Representation Representation (3.1.38) for which Segments (3.1.40) from its complementary Representations (3.1.8) are necessary for presentation and/or decoding of the contained media content components (3.1.22)
3.1.13 earliest presentation time smallest presentation time (3.1.36) of any access unit (3.1.1) of a Media Segment (3.1.28) Or Subsegment (3.1.50) for a media stream (3.1.29)
3.1.14 event aperiodic sparse media-time related auxiliary information to the DASH Client or to an application
3.1.15 event stream sequence of related events (3.1.14)
3.1.16 group collection of Adaptation Sets (3.1.3) that are not expected to be presented simultaneously
3.1.17 HTTP-URL URL with a fixed scheme of “http” or “https”
3.1.18 Index Segment Segment (3.1.40) that primarily contains indexing information for Media Segments (3.1.28)
3.1.19 Initialization Segment Segment (3.1.40) containing metadata that is necessary to present the media streams (3.1.29) encapsulated in Media Segments (3.1.28)
3.1.20 Main Adaptation Set Adaptation Set (3.1.3) In A Preselection (3.1.35) that contains the Initialization Segment (3.1.19) for the complete experience
3.1.21 media content single media content period (3.1.24) or contiguous sequence of media content periods
3.1.22 media content component single continuous component of the media content (3.1.21) with an assigned media content component type (3.1.23)
3.1.23 media content component type single type of media content (3.1.21)
3.1.24 media content period set of media content components (3.1.22) that have a common timeline as well as relationships on how they can be presented
3.1.25 Media Presentation collection of data that establishes a bounded or unbounded presentation of media content (3.1.21)
3.1.26 Media Presentation Description MPD formalized description for a Media Presentation (3.1.25) for the purpose of providing a streaming service
3.1.27 Media Presentation timeline concatenation of the timeline of all Periods (3.1.34) which itself is common to all Representations (3.1.38) in the Period
3.1.28 Media Segment Segment (3.1.40) that complies with media format in use and enables playback when combined with zero or more preceding Segments and an Initialization Segment (3.1.19) (if any)
3.1.29 media stream encoded version of a media content component (3.1.22)
3.1.30 Media Subsegment Subsegment (3.1.50) that only contains media data but no Segment Index (3.1.44)
3.1.31 message part of an event (3.1.14) containing information that is exclusively handled by the event handler
3.1.32 MPD start time approximate presentation start time of a Media Segment (3.1.28) signalled in MPD (3.1.26)
3.1.33 MPD duration approximate presentation duration of a Media Segment (3.1.28) signalled in MPD (3.1.26)
3.1.34 Period interval of the Media Presentation (3.1.24), where a contiguous sequence of all Periods constitutes the Media Presentation
3.1.35 Preselection set of media content components (3.1.22) that are intended to be consumed jointly
3.1.36 presentation time time associated to an access unit (3.1.1) that maps it to the Media Presentation timeline (3.1.27)
3.1.37 remote element entity entity that contains one or more elements and is referenced in the MPD (3.1.26) with an HTTP-URL (3.1.17) contained in an @xlink:href attribute, referred to as "remote resource" by XLink
3.1.38 Representation collection and encapsulation of one or more media streams (3.1.29) in a delivery format and associated with descriptive metadata
3.1.39 Resynchronization Point point within a Segment from which it is possible to start processing the Representation
3.1.40 Segment unit of data associated with an HTTP-URL (3.1.17) and optionally a byte range that are specified by an MPD (3.1.26), or with a data URL (3.1.11)
3.1.41 Segment availability start time latest time instant in wall-clock time (3.1.53) at which a Segment (3.1.40) becomes an available Segment (3.1.6)
3.1.42 adjusted Segment availability start time time instant in wall-clock time (3.1.53) at which a Segment (3.1.40) becomes an available Segment (3.1.6)
3.1.43 Segment availability end time time instant in wall-clock time (3.1.53) at which a Segment (3.1.40) ceases to be an available Segment (3.1.6)
3.1.44 Segment Index compact index of the time range to byte range mapping within a Media Segment (3.1.28) separately from the MPD (3.1.26)
3.1.45 Segment Sequence sequence of Segments (3.1.40) that are sharing a common address prefix
3.1.46 Segment Track concatenation of Segments (3.1.40) forming a track with potential conformance properties
3.1.47 spatial object media content component (3.1.22) corresponding to a region in a coordinate system associated to this media content component
3.1.48 stream access point SAP position in a Representation (3.1.38) enabling playback of a media stream (3.1.29) to be started using only the information contained in Representation data starting from that position onwards preceded by initializing ...
3.1.49 sub-asset media content component (3.1.22) (or part thereof) identified as corresponding to a part of an asset (3.1.4)
3.1.50 Sub-Representation part of a Representation (3.1.38) described in the MPD (3.1.26) that is present in the entire Period (3.1.34)
3.1.51 Subsegment unit within Media Segments (3.1.28) that is indexed by a Segment Index (3.1.44)
3.1.52 valid Segment URL HTTP-URL (3.1.17) that is promised to reference a Segment (3.1.40) during its Segment availability period
3.1.53 wall-clock time time as stated by UTC
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
3.3 Conventions
4 Overview
4.1 System description
4.2 DASH Client model
4.3 DASH data model overview
4.4 Protocols
4.5 Media stream and Representation properties
4.5.1 Switching and Random Access Support
4.5.2 Media stream access points
4.5.3 Non-overlapping Segments and Subsegments
4.5.4 Conforming Segment track
4.6 Brands
4.7 Schemes
5 Media Presentation
5.1 General
5.2 Media Presentation Description
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Schema
5.2.3 Elements and Attributes added in revisions and amendments
5.2.3.1 Overview
5.2.3.2 Elements and Attributes added in the second edition of this document (ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014)
5.2.3.3 Elements and Attributes added in the third edition of this document (ISO/IEC 23009-1:2019)
5.2.3.4 Elements and Attributes added in the fourth edition (ISO/IEC 23009-1)
5.2.3.5 Elements and Attributes added in the fifth edition (ISO/IEC 23009-1:2021)
5.3 Hierarchical data model
5.3.1 General
5.3.1.1 Overview
5.3.1.2 Semantics
5.3.1.3 XML syntax
5.3.2 Period
5.3.2.1 Overview
5.3.2.2 Semantics
5.3.2.3 XML syntax
5.3.2.4 Content offering with multiple Periods
5.3.2.5 Special Periods in Live Services
5.3.3 Adaptation Sets
5.3.3.1 Overview
5.3.3.2 Semantics
5.3.3.3 XML syntax
5.3.3.4 Switching within Adaptation Sets
5.3.3.5 Switching across Adaptation Sets
5.3.4 Media content component
5.3.4.1 Overview
5.3.4.2 Semantics
5.3.4.3 XML syntax
5.3.5 Representation
5.3.5.1 Overview
5.3.5.2 Semantics
5.3.5.3 XML syntax
5.3.5.4 Relation of Bandwidth and Minimum Buffer Time attributes
5.3.5.5 Random Access to Representations
5.3.5.6 Extended Bandwidth Signalling
5.3.6 Sub-Representation
5.3.6.1 Overview
5.3.6.2 Semantics
5.3.6.3 XML syntax
5.3.7 Common attributes and elements
5.3.7.1 Overview
5.3.7.2 Semantics
5.3.7.3 XML syntax
5.3.8 Subsets
5.3.8.1 Overview
5.3.8.2 Semantics
5.3.8.3 XML syntax
5.3.9 Segments and Segment information
5.3.9.1 General
5.3.9.2 Segment base information
5.3.9.2.1 Overview
5.3.9.2.2 Semantics
5.3.9.2.3 XML-Syntax
5.3.9.3 Segment list
5.3.9.3.1 Overview
5.3.9.3.2 Semantics
5.3.9.3.3 XML-Syntax
5.3.9.4 Segment template
5.3.9.4.1 Overview
5.3.9.4.2 Semantics
5.3.9.4.3 XML syntax
5.3.9.4.4 Template-based Segment URL construction
5.3.9.5 Segment information
5.3.9.5.1 Overview
5.3.9.5.2 Initialization Segment information
5.3.9.5.3 Media Segment information
5.3.9.5.4 Index Segment information
5.3.9.5.5 Bitstream Switching Segment information
5.3.9.6 Segment timeline
5.3.9.6.1 General
5.3.9.6.2 Semantics
5.3.9.6.3 XML syntax
5.3.9.6.4 Segment Sequences
5.3.9.6.5 Hierarchical Templating and Sub-Numbering
5.3.9.7 Failover Content Signalling
5.3.9.7.1 General
5.3.9.7.2 Semantics
5.3.9.7.3 XML syntax
5.3.10 Label and Group Label
5.3.10.1 Overview
5.3.10.2 Semantics
5.3.10.3 XML Syntax
5.3.11 Preselection
5.3.11.1 Overview
5.3.11.2 Preselection Descriptor
5.3.11.3 Semantics of Preselection element
5.3.11.4 XML Syntax
5.3.11.5 Conformance rules
5.3.11.5.1 Conformance rules for Multi-Segment Tracks
5.3.11.5.2 Conformance rules for Time-Ordered Segment Track
5.3.11.5.3 Conformance rules for Fully-Ordered Segment Track
5.3.12 Initialization Set, Group and Presentation
5.3.12.1 Initialization Set
5.3.12.2 Semantics
5.3.12.3 XML syntax
5.3.12.4 Initialization Group and Initialization Presentation
5.3.12.4.1 Overview
5.3.12.4.2 Application of Initialization hierarchy
5.3.13 Resynchronization
5.3.13.1 Overview
5.3.13.2 Semantics
5.3.13.3 XML Syntax
5.4 Media Presentation Description updates
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 MPD Reset
5.5 MPD assembly
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Syntax and semantics
5.5.3 Processing
5.6 Base URL Processing
5.6.1 Overview
5.6.2 Semantics
5.6.3 XML syntax
5.6.4 Reference resolution
5.6.5 Alternative base URLs
5.7 Program information
5.7.1 Overview
5.7.2 Semantics
5.7.3 XML syntax
5.8 Descriptors
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Semantics of generic descriptor
5.8.3 XML syntax of generic descriptor
5.8.4 Specific descriptors
5.8.4.1 Content protection
5.8.4.1.1 General
5.8.4.1.2 Robustness
5.8.4.1.3 Referencing
5.8.4.1.4 Semantics
5.8.4.1.5 Syntax
5.8.4.1.6 Definition of content protection schemes
5.8.4.2 Role
5.8.4.3 Accessibility
5.8.4.4 Rating
5.8.4.5 Viewpoint
5.8.4.6 Frame-packing
5.8.4.7 Audio channel configuration
5.8.4.8 Essential Property Descriptor
5.8.4.9 Supplemental Property Descriptor
5.8.4.10 Asset Identifier
5.8.4.11 UTC Timing Descriptor
5.8.4.12 Output protection
5.8.4.12.1 General
5.8.4.12.2 Output protection schemes definition
5.8.5 Specific scheme definitions
5.8.5.1 General
5.8.5.2 Content protection
5.8.5.2.1 General
5.8.5.2.2 The MP4 Protection Scheme
5.8.5.2.3 The CA_descriptor scheme
5.8.5.3 Frame-packing
5.8.5.4 Audio channel configuration schemes
5.8.5.5 DASH role scheme
5.8.5.6 DASH Multiple views scheme
5.8.5.7 DASH UTC Timing Schemes
5.8.5.8 Audio Receiver Mix
5.8.5.9 DASH MPD Adaptation Set Linking scheme
5.8.5.10 Sub-Asset Identifier scheme
5.8.5.11 Client Authentication and Content Access Authorization
5.8.5.12 Audio Interactivity Descriptor
5.8.5.13 Quality Equivalence Descriptor
5.8.5.14 Output protection schemes
5.8.5.14.1 General
5.8.5.14.2 HDCP Output Protection Scheme
5.9 DASH metrics descriptor
5.9.1 Overview
5.9.2 Semantics
5.9.3 XML syntax
5.9.4 Metric reporting
5.10 Events
5.10.1 Overview
5.10.2 MPD Events
5.10.2.1 Overview
5.10.2.2 Semantics
5.10.2.3 XML-Syntax
5.10.3 Inband Event Signalling
5.10.3.1 Overview
5.10.3.2 MPD Signalling
5.10.3.3 Event message box
5.10.3.3.1 General
5.10.3.3.2 Definition
5.10.3.3.3 Syntax
5.10.3.3.4 Semantics
5.10.3.3.5 Carriage of the Event Message Box in MPEG-2 TS
5.10.3.3.6 Inband Event Alignment
5.10.4 DASH-specific events
5.10.4.1 Overview
5.10.4.2 MPD validity expiration
5.10.4.3 MPD Patch event
5.10.4.4 MPD Update Event
5.10.4.5 DASH Callback Event
5.10.4.5.1 General
5.10.4.5.2 Inband event
5.10.4.5.3 MPD event
5.10.4.6 Presentation Termination Event
5.11 MPD Chaining
5.11.1 General
5.11.2 Regular Chaining
5.11.3 Fallback Chaining
5.12 Producer Reference Time
5.12.1 General
5.12.2 Semantics
5.12.3 XML Syntax
5.13 Leap seconds
5.13.1 Overview
5.13.2 Semantics
5.13.3 XML-Syntax
5.13.4 Leap second information updates
5.14 Content Popularity Rate
5.14.1 General
5.14.2 Semantics
5.14.3 XML syntax
5.15 MPD patch framework
5.15.1 Overview
5.15.2 MPD Patch Location
5.15.3 MPD patch document
5.15.3.1 General
5.15.3.2 Semantics
5.15.3.3 XML Syntax
5.15.3.4 Element Addressing Restrictions
5.15.4 Processing Model
5.15.5 Recommended Client Operation
6 Segment formats
6.1 General
6.2 Segment types
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Initialization Segment
6.2.3 Media Segment
6.2.3.1 General
6.2.3.2 Subsegments and Segment Index
6.2.3.3 Subsegment Index
6.2.4 Index Segment
6.2.5 Bitstream Switching Segment
6.2.6 Missing Content Segment
6.3 Segment formats for ISO base media file format
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Preliminaries: Refinements of generic concepts
6.3.2.1 Subsegments
6.3.2.2 Media stream access points
6.3.2.3 Segment Index
6.3.2.4 Subsegment Index
6.3.2.5 Resynchronization Point
6.3.3 Initialization Segment format
6.3.4 Media Segment types
6.3.4.1 General
6.3.4.2 Delivery Unit Media Segment
6.3.4.3 Simple format type
6.3.4.4 Indexed Media Segment
6.3.4.5 Sub-Indexed Media Segment
6.3.4.6 Random Access Media Segment
6.3.5 Self-Initializing Media Segment formats
6.3.5.1 General format type
6.3.5.2 Indexed self-initializing Media Segment
6.4 Segment formats for MPEG-2 transport streams
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Preliminaries: Refinements of generic concepts
6.4.2.1 Subsegment
6.4.2.2 Media stream access points
6.4.2.3 Segment Index
6.4.2.4 Subsegment Index
6.4.3 Initialization Segment types and formats
6.4.3.1 Initialization information
6.4.3.2 Initialization Segment
6.4.4 Media Segment types and formats
6.4.4.1 General
6.4.4.2 Basic Media Segment
6.4.4.3 Content Protection
6.4.4.4 Self-initializing Media Segment
6.4.5 Bitstream Switching Segment
6.4.6 Index Segment
6.4.6.1 General
6.4.6.2 Single Index Segment
6.4.6.3 Representation Index Segment
6.4.6.4 Subsegment Index Segment
6.4.7 Boxes used with MPEG-2 TS Index Segments
6.4.7.1 General
6.4.7.2 MPEG-2 TS PCR information box
6.4.7.2.1 Definition
6.4.7.2.2 Syntax
6.4.7.2.3 Semantics
7 Combined semantics of MPD and Segment formats
7.1 Overview
7.2 General
7.2.1 Media Presentation timeline
7.2.2 Segment Index
7.2.3 Segment alignment
7.2.4 Subsegment alignment
7.3 Media Presentation based on the ISO base media file format
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Media presentation timeline
7.3.3 Authoring Rules for specific MPD attributes
7.3.3.1 Segments starting with media stream access points
7.3.3.2 Bitstream switching
7.3.4 Sub-Representations
7.3.5 Segment Timeline without Segment Index
7.4 Media Presentation based on MPEG-2 TS
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Media presentation timeline
7.4.3 Authoring rules for specific MPD attributes
7.4.3.1 Segments starting with Media stream access points
7.4.3.2 Segment alignment
7.4.3.3 Subsegment alignment
7.4.3.4 Bitstream switching
7.4.4 Sub-Representations
8 Profiles
8.1 Definition
8.2 Full profile
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.2.3 Segment format constraints
8.3 ISO Base media file format On Demand profile
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.3.3 Segment format constraints
8.4 ISO Base media file format live profile
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.4.3 Segment format constraints
8.5 ISO Base media file format main profile
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.5.3 Segment format constraints
8.6 MPEG-2 TS main profile
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.6.3 Segment format constraints
8.6.4 Comments and recommendations
8.7 MPEG-2 TS simple profile
8.7.1 General
8.7.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.7.3 Segment format constraints
8.7.4 Recommendations
8.8 ISO Base media file format extended live profile
8.8.1 General
8.8.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.8.2.1 General
8.8.2.2 Constraints on Period elements
8.8.2.3 Constraints on AdaptationSet elements
8.8.2.4 Constraints on Representation elements
8.8.3 Segment format constraints
8.8.4 Inband Events
8.9 ISO Base media file format extended On Demand profile
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.9.2.1 General
8.9.2.2 Constraints on Period elements
8.9.2.3 Constraints on AdaptationSet elements
8.9.2.4 Constraints on Representation elements
8.9.3 Segment format constraints
8.10 ISO Base media file format common profile
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.10.2.1 General
8.10.2.2 Constraints on Period elements
8.10.3 Segment format constraints
8.11 ISO Base media file format broadcast TV profile
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.11.2.1 General
8.11.2.2 Constraints on Period elements
8.11.2.3 Constraints on AdaptationSet elements
8.11.2.4 Constraints on Representation elements
8.11.2.5 Constraints on SegmentTemplate elements
8.11.3 Segment format constraints
8.11.4 MPD Updates and Inband Event Streams
8.12 DASH profile for CMAF content
8.12.1 General
8.12.2 CMAF content model for DASH profile definition
8.12.2.1 Overview
8.12.2.2 CMAF Addressable Objects
8.12.2.3 CMAF Track Data Model
8.12.2.4 CMAF Switching Set Model for this Specification
8.12.2.5 CMAF presentation timing model
8.12.3 CMAF to DASH Mapping Principles
8.12.3.1 General
8.12.3.2 Timing Model Mapping
8.12.3.3 Mapping of CMAF Structures
8.12.3.4 Mapping of CMAF Addressable Objects
8.12.3.5 Mapping of Media, Encryption and CMAF Header Information to MPD
8.12.4 DASH profiles for CMAF content - Common constraints
8.12.4.1 General
8.12.4.2 Segment and Representation Constraints
8.12.4.3 Adaptation Set Constraints
8.12.4.4 Period Constraints
8.12.4.5 Multi-Period and Media Presentation Constraints
8.12.5 DASH CMAF Core Profile
8.12.6 DASH CMAF Extended Profile
8.12.7 Conformance Checking Considerations
Annex A (informative) Example DASH Client behaviour
A.1 General
A.2 Overview
A.3 Segment list generation
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 Period Start and End Times
A.3.3 Start Time and Duration
A.3.4 Media Segment list restrictions
A.4 Seeking
A.5 Support for trick modes
A.6 Switching Representations
A.7 Reaction to error codes
A.8 Encoder clock drift control
A.9 Playback across Period boundaries
A.10 Usage of Bandwidth and Min Buffer Time in DASH Client
A.11 Location and reference resolution
A.12 Resynchronization and Early Access to Segments
A.12.1 General
A.12.2 Box Structure Resynchronization
A.12.3 Usage of Resynchronization Feature
A.12.4 Early availability and access of Segments
A.13 Timing, processing, and client reference model for DASH Event streams and timed metadata tracks
A.13.1 General
A.13.2 DASH Player architecture for processing DASH events and timed metadata tracks
A.13.3 Inband Event timing parameters
A.13.4 Event message box format and event timing parameters
A.13.5 MPD Events timing model
A.13.6 Timed metadata sample timing model
A.13.7 Events and timed metadata sample dispatch timing modes
A.13.8 The Dispatch Processing Model
A.13.9 The event/metadata buffer model
A.13.10 Prose description of APIs
A.13.11 Detailed processing
A.13.12 Recommended dispatch modes for DASH-specific events
Annex B (normative) MPD schema
Annex C (normative) MIME type registration for MPD and other resources
C.1 General
C.2 MIME type and subtype
C.3 Profiles parameters
C.4 MPD Anchors
C.4.1 General
C.4.2 Parameters
C.4.3 Examples
C.4.4 Handling UTC parameter
C.5 MPD patch MIME type
Annex D (normative) DASH Metrics
D.1 General
D.2 DASH-Metrics client reference model
D.3 Definition of observation points
D.3.1 General
D.3.2 Observation point 1
D.3.3 Observation point 2
D.3.4 Observation point 3
D.4 Semantics of the DASH metrics
D.4.1 General
D.4.2 TCP connections
D.4.3 HTTP request/response transactions
D.4.4 Representation switch events
D.4.5 Buffer level
D.4.6 Play list
D.4.7 Device information
Annex E (normative) Byte range requests with regular HTTP GET methods
E.1 Background
E.2 Construction rule
E.3 Examples
Annex F (informative) Guidelines for extending DASH with other delivery formats
F.1 Adding delivery formats to DASH
F.2 Media Presentation authoring rules
Annex G (informative) MPD Examples and MPD Usage
G.1 Example MPD for ISO Base media file format On Demand profile
G.2 Example for ISO Base media file format Live profile
G.3 Example for MPEG-2 TS Simple profile
G.4 Example for multiple stereo views
G.5 Example for SVC alternative streams
G.6 Example for trick play support
G.7 Example for content protected by multiple schemes
G.8 Example for usage of Role descriptor
G.9 Example for usage of Event Messaging
G.10 Example for MPD Adaptation Set Linking
G.11 Remote Element Entity
G.12 Directory Limit Support in Segment Template Based Delivery
G.13 Data URLs
G.14 Example Live MPD with Timing Information
G.15 Example MPD for Preselection Descriptor
G.16 Example MPD for Preselection Element
G.17 Example MPD for Preselection Element using ContentComponent
G.18 Example MPD for Low Latency Streaming
G.19 DASH Profile for CMAF Content
G.20 Resynchronization
G.21 MPD Patch Document
G.22 Failover Content
Annex H (normative) Spatial Relationship Description
H.1 Spatial Relationship Description (SRD) scheme
H.2 SRD @value syntax
H.2.1 General
H.2.2 Common parameters
H.2.3 Specific parameters for static spatial description
H.2.4 Specific parameters for dynamic spatial description
H.3 Examples
H.3.1 General
H.3.2 Zoomed video
H.3.3 Tiled video
H.3.4 Tiled panorama with moving Region-of-Interest
Annex I (normative) Flexible Insertion of URL Parameters
I.1 General
I.2 Segment URL parametrization
I.2.1 General
I.2.2 URL Query Information
I.2.2.1 Overview
I.2.2.2 Semantics
I.2.2.3 XML Syntax
I.2.3 Modified template-based segment URL construction, according to UrlQueryInfo element
I.2.3.1 General
I.2.3.2 Computation of an initial query string (initialQueryString)
I.2.3.3 Computation of a final query string (finalQueryString)
I.2.3.4 Modified media segment URLs building process
I.2.4 Examples
I.2.4.1 Example 1
I.2.4.2 Example 2
I.2.4.3 Example 3
I.2.4.4 Example 4
I.3 Extended HTTP GET request parametrization
I.3.1 General
I.3.2 Semantics
I.3.3 XML Syntax
I.3.4 Extended parameter generation
I.3.4.1 Theory of operation
I.3.4.2 Computation of an initial query string (initialQueryString)
I.3.4.3 Computation of a final query string (finalQueryString)
I.3.5 Extended Parameter Output
Annex J (informative) Open GOP resolution change
Annex K (normative) DASH Service Description
K.1 General
K.2 DASH Client model with Service Description
K.3 Semantics of DASH Service Description
K.3.1 General
K.3.2 Service Latency
K.3.3 Playback Rate
K.3.4 Operating Quality
K.3.5 Operating Bandwidth
K.4 MPD Carriage of DASH Service Description
K.4.1 Description
K.4.2 Semantics
K.4.2.1 General
K.4.2.2 Latency
K.4.2.3 Playback Rate
K.4.2.4 Operating Quality
K.4.2.5 Operating Bandwidth
K.4.3 Syntax
K.4.3.1 General
K.4.3.2 Latency
K.4.3.3 Playback Rate
K.4.3.4 Operating Quality
K.4.3.5 Operating Bandwidth
K.5 Example Client Usage
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1 access unit unit of a media stream (3.1.29) with an assigned Media Presentation time
3.1.2 accessibility degree to which a media content or certain media content components (3.1.22) are available to as many people as possible
3.1.3 Adaptation Set set of interchangeable encoded versions of one or several media content components (3.1.22)
3.1.4 asset content including media and metadata together with the rights to use the content by the content provider
3.1.5 associated Representation Representation (3.1.38) which provides supplemental or descriptive information for at least one other Representation
3.1.6 available Segment Segment (3.1.40) that is accessible at its assigned HTTP-URL (3.1.17) and a possibly assigned byte range that is the request with an HTTP GET results in a reply of the Segment and 2xx status code
3.1.7 Bitstream Switching Segment Segment (3.1.40) that if present contains essential data to switch to the Representation (3.1.38) it is assigned to
3.1.8 complementary Representation Representation (3.1.38) which complements at least one dependent Representation (3.1.12)
3.1.9 continuous media media with an inherent notion of time
3.1.10 DASH metric metric computed by the DASH Client and uniquely identified by a key
3.1.11 data URL URL with a fixed scheme “data”
3.1.12 dependent Representation Representation (3.1.38) for which Segments (3.1.40) from its complementary Representations (3.1.8) are necessary for presentation and/or decoding of the contained media content components (3.1.22)
3.1.13 earliest presentation time smallest presentation time (3.1.36) of any access unit (3.1.1) of a Media Segment (3.1.28) Or Subsegment (3.1.50) for a media stream (3.1.29)
3.1.14 event aperiodic sparse media-time related auxiliary information to the DASH Client or to an application
3.1.15 event stream sequence of related events (3.1.14)
3.1.16 group collection of Adaptation Sets (3.1.3) that are not expected to be presented simultaneously
3.1.17 HTTP-URL URL with a fixed scheme of “http” or “https”
3.1.18 Index Segment Segment (3.1.40) that primarily contains indexing information for Media Segments (3.1.28)
3.1.19 Initialization Segment Segment (3.1.40) containing metadata that is necessary to present the media streams (3.1.29) encapsulated in Media Segments (3.1.28)
3.1.20 Main Adaptation Set Adaptation Set (3.1.3) In A Preselection (3.1.35) that contains the Initialization Segment (3.1.19) for the complete experience
3.1.21 media content single media content period (3.1.24) or contiguous sequence of media content periods
3.1.22 media content component single continuous component of the media content (3.1.21) with an assigned media content component type (3.1.23)
3.1.23 media content component type single type of media content (3.1.21)
3.1.24 media content period set of media content components (3.1.22) that have a common timeline as well as relationships on how they can be presented
3.1.25 Media Presentation collection of data that establishes a bounded or unbounded presentation of media content (3.1.21)
3.1.26 Media Presentation Description MPD formalized description for a Media Presentation (3.1.25) for the purpose of providing a streaming service
3.1.27 Media Presentation timeline concatenation of the timeline of all Periods (3.1.34) which itself is common to all Representations (3.1.38) in the Period
3.1.28 Media Segment Segment (3.1.40) that complies with media format in use and enables playback when combined with zero or more preceding Segments and an Initialization Segment (3.1.19) (if any)
3.1.29 media stream encoded version of a media content component (3.1.22)
3.1.30 Media Subsegment Subsegment (3.1.50) that only contains media data but no Segment Index (3.1.44)
3.1.31 message part of an event (3.1.14) containing information that is exclusively handled by the event handler
3.1.32 MPD start time approximate presentation start time of a Media Segment (3.1.28) signalled in MPD (3.1.26)
3.1.33 MPD duration approximate presentation duration of a Media Segment (3.1.28) signalled in MPD (3.1.26)
3.1.34 Period interval of the Media Presentation (3.1.24), where a contiguous sequence of all Periods constitutes the Media Presentation
3.1.35 Preselection set of media content components (3.1.22) that are intended to be consumed jointly
3.1.36 presentation time time associated to an access unit (3.1.1) that maps it to the Media Presentation timeline (3.1.27)
3.1.37 remote element entity entity that contains one or more elements and is referenced in the MPD (3.1.26) with an HTTP-URL (3.1.17) contained in an @xlink:href attribute, referred to as "remote resource" by XLink
3.1.38 Representation collection and encapsulation of one or more media streams (3.1.29) in a delivery format and associated with descriptive metadata
3.1.39 Resynchronization Point point within a Segment from which it is possible to start processing the Representation
3.1.40 Segment unit of data associated with an HTTP-URL (3.1.17) and optionally a byte range that are specified by an MPD (3.1.26), or with a data URL (3.1.11)
3.1.41 Segment availability start time latest time instant in wall-clock time (3.1.53) at which a Segment (3.1.40) becomes an available Segment (3.1.6)
3.1.42 adjusted Segment availability start time time instant in wall-clock time (3.1.53) at which a Segment (3.1.40) becomes an available Segment (3.1.6)
3.1.43 Segment availability end time time instant in wall-clock time (3.1.53) at which a Segment (3.1.40) ceases to be an available Segment (3.1.6)
3.1.44 Segment Index compact index of the time range to byte range mapping within a Media Segment (3.1.28) separately from the MPD (3.1.26)
3.1.45 Segment Sequence sequence of Segments (3.1.40) that are sharing a common address prefix
3.1.46 Segment Track concatenation of Segments (3.1.40) forming a track with potential conformance properties
3.1.47 spatial object media content component (3.1.22) corresponding to a region in a coordinate system associated to this media content component
3.1.48 stream access point SAP position in a Representation (3.1.38) enabling playback of a media stream (3.1.29) to be started using only the information contained in Representation data starting from that position onwards preceded by initializing ...
3.1.49 sub-asset media content component (3.1.22) (or part thereof) identified as corresponding to a part of an asset (3.1.4)
3.1.50 Sub-Representation part of a Representation (3.1.38) described in the MPD (3.1.26) that is present in the entire Period (3.1.34)
3.1.51 Subsegment unit within Media Segments (3.1.28) that is indexed by a Segment Index (3.1.44)
3.1.52 valid Segment URL HTTP-URL (3.1.17) that is promised to reference a Segment (3.1.40) during its Segment availability period
3.1.53 wall-clock time time as stated by UTC
3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms
3.3 Conventions
4 Overview
4.1 System description
4.2 DASH Client model
4.3 DASH data model overview
4.4 Protocols
4.5 Media stream and Representation properties
4.5.1 Switching and Random Access Support
4.5.2 Media stream access points
4.5.3 Non-overlapping Segments and Subsegments
4.5.4 Conforming Segment track
4.6 Brands
4.7 Schemes
5 Media Presentation
5.1 General
5.2 Media Presentation Description
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Schema
5.2.3 Elements and Attributes added in revisions and amendments
5.2.3.1 Overview
5.2.3.2 Elements and Attributes added in the second edition of this document (ISO/IEC 23009-1:2014)
5.2.3.3 Elements and Attributes added in the third edition of this document (ISO/IEC 23009-1:2019)
5.2.3.4 Elements and Attributes added in the fourth edition (ISO/IEC 23009-1)
5.2.3.5 Elements and Attributes added in the fifth edition (ISO/IEC 23009-1:2021)
5.3 Hierarchical data model
5.3.1 General
5.3.1.1 Overview
5.3.1.2 Semantics
5.3.1.3 XML syntax
5.3.2 Period
5.3.2.1 Overview
5.3.2.2 Semantics
5.3.2.3 XML syntax
5.3.2.4 Content offering with multiple Periods
5.3.2.5 Special Periods in Live Services
5.3.3 Adaptation Sets
5.3.3.1 Overview
5.3.3.2 Semantics
5.3.3.3 XML syntax
5.3.3.4 Switching within Adaptation Sets
5.3.3.5 Switching across Adaptation Sets
5.3.4 Media content component
5.3.4.1 Overview
5.3.4.2 Semantics
5.3.4.3 XML syntax
5.3.5 Representation
5.3.5.1 Overview
5.3.5.2 Semantics
5.3.5.3 XML syntax
5.3.5.4 Relation of Bandwidth and Minimum Buffer Time attributes
5.3.5.5 Random Access to Representations
5.3.5.6 Extended Bandwidth Signalling
5.3.6 Sub-Representation
5.3.6.1 Overview
5.3.6.2 Semantics
5.3.6.3 XML syntax
5.3.7 Common attributes and elements
5.3.7.1 Overview
5.3.7.2 Semantics
5.3.7.3 XML syntax
5.3.8 Subsets
5.3.8.1 Overview
5.3.8.2 Semantics
5.3.8.3 XML syntax
5.3.9 Segments and Segment information
5.3.9.1 General
5.3.9.2 Segment base information
5.3.9.2.1 Overview
5.3.9.2.2 Semantics
5.3.9.2.3 XML-Syntax
5.3.9.3 Segment list
5.3.9.3.1 Overview
5.3.9.3.2 Semantics
5.3.9.3.3 XML-Syntax
5.3.9.4 Segment template
5.3.9.4.1 Overview
5.3.9.4.2 Semantics
5.3.9.4.3 XML syntax
5.3.9.4.4 Template-based Segment URL construction
5.3.9.5 Segment information
5.3.9.5.1 Overview
5.3.9.5.2 Initialization Segment information
5.3.9.5.3 Media Segment information
5.3.9.5.4 Index Segment information
5.3.9.5.5 Bitstream Switching Segment information
5.3.9.6 Segment timeline
5.3.9.6.1 General
5.3.9.6.2 Semantics
5.3.9.6.3 XML syntax
5.3.9.6.4 Segment Sequences
5.3.9.6.5 Hierarchical Templating and Sub-Numbering
5.3.9.7 Failover Content Signalling
5.3.9.7.1 General
5.3.9.7.2 Semantics
5.3.9.7.3 XML syntax
5.3.10 Label and Group Label
5.3.10.1 Overview
5.3.10.2 Semantics
5.3.10.3 XML Syntax
5.3.11 Preselection
5.3.11.1 Overview
5.3.11.2 Preselection Descriptor
5.3.11.3 Semantics of Preselection element
5.3.11.4 XML Syntax
5.3.11.5 Conformance rules
5.3.11.5.1 Conformance rules for Multi-Segment Tracks
5.3.11.5.2 Conformance rules for Time-Ordered Segment Track
5.3.11.5.3 Conformance rules for Fully-Ordered Segment Track
5.3.12 Initialization Set, Group and Presentation
5.3.12.1 Initialization Set
5.3.12.2 Semantics
5.3.12.3 XML syntax
5.3.12.4 Initialization Group and Initialization Presentation
5.3.12.4.1 Overview
5.3.12.4.2 Application of Initialization hierarchy
5.3.13 Resynchronization
5.3.13.1 Overview
5.3.13.2 Semantics
5.3.13.3 XML Syntax
5.4 Media Presentation Description updates
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 MPD Reset
5.5 MPD assembly
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Syntax and semantics
5.5.3 Processing
5.6 Base URL Processing
5.6.1 Overview
5.6.2 Semantics
5.6.3 XML syntax
5.6.4 Reference resolution
5.6.5 Alternative base URLs
5.7 Program information
5.7.1 Overview
5.7.2 Semantics
5.7.3 XML syntax
5.8 Descriptors
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Semantics of generic descriptor
5.8.3 XML syntax of generic descriptor
5.8.4 Specific descriptors
5.8.4.1 Content protection
5.8.4.1.1 General
5.8.4.1.2 Robustness
5.8.4.1.3 Referencing
5.8.4.1.4 Semantics
5.8.4.1.5 Syntax
5.8.4.1.6 Definition of content protection schemes
5.8.4.2 Role
5.8.4.3 Accessibility
5.8.4.4 Rating
5.8.4.5 Viewpoint
5.8.4.6 Frame-packing
5.8.4.7 Audio channel configuration
5.8.4.8 Essential Property Descriptor
5.8.4.9 Supplemental Property Descriptor
5.8.4.10 Asset Identifier
5.8.4.11 UTC Timing Descriptor
5.8.4.12 Output protection
5.8.4.12.1 General
5.8.4.12.2 Output protection schemes definition
5.8.5 Specific scheme definitions
5.8.5.1 General
5.8.5.2 Content protection
5.8.5.2.1 General
5.8.5.2.2 The MP4 Protection Scheme
5.8.5.2.3 The CA_descriptor scheme
5.8.5.3 Frame-packing
5.8.5.4 Audio channel configuration schemes
5.8.5.5 DASH role scheme
5.8.5.6 DASH Multiple views scheme
5.8.5.7 DASH UTC Timing Schemes
5.8.5.8 Audio Receiver Mix
5.8.5.9 DASH MPD Adaptation Set Linking scheme
5.8.5.10 Sub-Asset Identifier scheme
5.8.5.11 Client Authentication and Content Access Authorization
5.8.5.12 Audio Interactivity Descriptor
5.8.5.13 Quality Equivalence Descriptor
5.8.5.14 Output protection schemes
5.8.5.14.1 General
5.8.5.14.2 HDCP Output Protection Scheme
5.9 DASH metrics descriptor
5.9.1 Overview
5.9.2 Semantics
5.9.3 XML syntax
5.9.4 Metric reporting
5.10 Events
5.10.1 Overview
5.10.2 MPD Events
5.10.2.1 Overview
5.10.2.2 Semantics
5.10.2.3 XML-Syntax
5.10.3 Inband Event Signalling
5.10.3.1 Overview
5.10.3.2 MPD Signalling
5.10.3.3 Event message box
5.10.3.3.1 General
5.10.3.3.2 Definition
5.10.3.3.3 Syntax
5.10.3.3.4 Semantics
5.10.3.3.5 Carriage of the Event Message Box in MPEG-2 TS
5.10.3.3.6 Inband Event Alignment
5.10.4 DASH-specific events
5.10.4.1 Overview
5.10.4.2 MPD validity expiration
5.10.4.3 MPD Patch event
5.10.4.4 MPD Update Event
5.10.4.5 DASH Callback Event
5.10.4.5.1 General
5.10.4.5.2 Inband event
5.10.4.5.3 MPD event
5.10.4.6 Presentation Termination Event
5.11 MPD Chaining
5.11.1 General
5.11.2 Regular Chaining
5.11.3 Fallback Chaining
5.12 Producer Reference Time
5.12.1 General
5.12.2 Semantics
5.12.3 XML Syntax
5.13 Leap seconds
5.13.1 Overview
5.13.2 Semantics
5.13.3 XML-Syntax
5.13.4 Leap second information updates
5.14 Content Popularity Rate
5.14.1 General
5.14.2 Semantics
5.14.3 XML syntax
5.15 MPD patch framework
5.15.1 Overview
5.15.2 MPD Patch Location
5.15.3 MPD patch document
5.15.3.1 General
5.15.3.2 Semantics
5.15.3.3 XML Syntax
5.15.3.4 Element Addressing Restrictions
5.15.4 Processing Model
5.15.5 Recommended Client Operation
6 Segment formats
6.1 General
6.2 Segment types
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Initialization Segment
6.2.3 Media Segment
6.2.3.1 General
6.2.3.2 Subsegments and Segment Index
6.2.3.3 Subsegment Index
6.2.4 Index Segment
6.2.5 Bitstream Switching Segment
6.2.6 Missing Content Segment
6.3 Segment formats for ISO base media file format
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Preliminaries: Refinements of generic concepts
6.3.2.1 Subsegments
6.3.2.2 Media stream access points
6.3.2.3 Segment Index
6.3.2.4 Subsegment Index
6.3.2.5 Resynchronization Point
6.3.3 Initialization Segment format
6.3.4 Media Segment types
6.3.4.1 General
6.3.4.2 Delivery Unit Media Segment
6.3.4.3 Simple format type
6.3.4.4 Indexed Media Segment
6.3.4.5 Sub-Indexed Media Segment
6.3.4.6 Random Access Media Segment
6.3.5 Self-Initializing Media Segment formats
6.3.5.1 General format type
6.3.5.2 Indexed self-initializing Media Segment
6.4 Segment formats for MPEG-2 transport streams
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Preliminaries: Refinements of generic concepts
6.4.2.1 Subsegment
6.4.2.2 Media stream access points
6.4.2.3 Segment Index
6.4.2.4 Subsegment Index
6.4.3 Initialization Segment types and formats
6.4.3.1 Initialization information
6.4.3.2 Initialization Segment
6.4.4 Media Segment types and formats
6.4.4.1 General
6.4.4.2 Basic Media Segment
6.4.4.3 Content Protection
6.4.4.4 Self-initializing Media Segment
6.4.5 Bitstream Switching Segment
6.4.6 Index Segment
6.4.6.1 General
6.4.6.2 Single Index Segment
6.4.6.3 Representation Index Segment
6.4.6.4 Subsegment Index Segment
6.4.7 Boxes used with MPEG-2 TS Index Segments
6.4.7.1 General
6.4.7.2 MPEG-2 TS PCR information box
6.4.7.2.1 Definition
6.4.7.2.2 Syntax
6.4.7.2.3 Semantics
7 Combined semantics of MPD and Segment formats
7.1 Overview
7.2 General
7.2.1 Media Presentation timeline
7.2.2 Segment Index
7.2.3 Segment alignment
7.2.4 Subsegment alignment
7.3 Media Presentation based on the ISO base media file format
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Media presentation timeline
7.3.3 Authoring Rules for specific MPD attributes
7.3.3.1 Segments starting with media stream access points
7.3.3.2 Bitstream switching
7.3.4 Sub-Representations
7.3.5 Segment Timeline without Segment Index
7.4 Media Presentation based on MPEG-2 TS
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Media presentation timeline
7.4.3 Authoring rules for specific MPD attributes
7.4.3.1 Segments starting with Media stream access points
7.4.3.2 Segment alignment
7.4.3.3 Subsegment alignment
7.4.3.4 Bitstream switching
7.4.4 Sub-Representations
8 Profiles
8.1 Definition
8.2 Full profile
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.2.3 Segment format constraints
8.3 ISO Base media file format On Demand profile
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.3.3 Segment format constraints
8.4 ISO Base media file format live profile
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.4.3 Segment format constraints
8.5 ISO Base media file format main profile
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.5.3 Segment format constraints
8.6 MPEG-2 TS main profile
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.6.3 Segment format constraints
8.6.4 Comments and recommendations
8.7 MPEG-2 TS simple profile
8.7.1 General
8.7.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.7.3 Segment format constraints
8.7.4 Recommendations
8.8 ISO Base media file format extended live profile
8.8.1 General
8.8.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.8.2.1 General
8.8.2.2 Constraints on Period elements
8.8.2.3 Constraints on AdaptationSet elements
8.8.2.4 Constraints on Representation elements
8.8.3 Segment format constraints
8.8.4 Inband Events
8.9 ISO Base media file format extended On Demand profile
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.9.2.1 General
8.9.2.2 Constraints on Period elements
8.9.2.3 Constraints on AdaptationSet elements
8.9.2.4 Constraints on Representation elements
8.9.3 Segment format constraints
8.10 ISO Base media file format common profile
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.10.2.1 General
8.10.2.2 Constraints on Period elements
8.10.3 Segment format constraints
8.11 ISO Base media file format broadcast TV profile
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Media Presentation Description constraints
8.11.2.1 General
8.11.2.2 Constraints on Period elements
8.11.2.3 Constraints on AdaptationSet elements
8.11.2.4 Constraints on Representation elements
8.11.2.5 Constraints on SegmentTemplate elements
8.11.3 Segment format constraints
8.11.4 MPD Updates and Inband Event Streams
8.12 DASH profile for CMAF content
8.12.1 General
8.12.2 CMAF content model for DASH profile definition
8.12.2.1 Overview
8.12.2.2 CMAF Addressable Objects
8.12.2.3 CMAF Track Data Model
8.12.2.4 CMAF Switching Set Model for this Specification
8.12.2.5 CMAF presentation timing model
8.12.3 CMAF to DASH Mapping Principles
8.12.3.1 General
8.12.3.2 Timing Model Mapping
8.12.3.3 Mapping of CMAF Structures
8.12.3.4 Mapping of CMAF Addressable Objects
8.12.3.5 Mapping of Media, Encryption and CMAF Header Information to MPD
8.12.4 DASH profiles for CMAF content - Common constraints
8.12.4.1 General
8.12.4.2 Segment and Representation Constraints
8.12.4.3 Adaptation Set Constraints
8.12.4.4 Period Constraints
8.12.4.5 Multi-Period and Media Presentation Constraints
8.12.5 DASH CMAF Core Profile
8.12.6 DASH CMAF Extended Profile
8.12.7 Conformance Checking Considerations
Annex A (informative) Example DASH Client behaviour
A.1 General
A.2 Overview
A.3 Segment list generation
A.3.1 General
A.3.2 Period Start and End Times
A.3.3 Start Time and Duration
A.3.4 Media Segment list restrictions
A.4 Seeking
A.5 Support for trick modes
A.6 Switching Representations
A.7 Reaction to error codes
A.8 Encoder clock drift control
A.9 Playback across Period boundaries
A.10 Usage of Bandwidth and Min Buffer Time in DASH Client
A.11 Location and reference resolution
A.12 Resynchronization and Early Access to Segments
A.12.1 General
A.12.2 Box Structure Resynchronization
A.12.3 Usage of Resynchronization Feature
A.12.4 Early availability and access of Segments
A.13 Timing, processing, and client reference model for DASH Event streams and timed metadata tracks
A.13.1 General
A.13.2 DASH Player architecture for processing DASH events and timed metadata tracks
A.13.3 Inband Event timing parameters
A.13.4 Event message box format and event timing parameters
A.13.5 MPD Events timing model
A.13.6 Timed metadata sample timing model
A.13.7 Events and timed metadata sample dispatch timing modes
A.13.8 The Dispatch Processing Model
A.13.9 The event/metadata buffer model
A.13.10 Prose description of APIs
A.13.11 Detailed processing
A.13.12 Recommended dispatch modes for DASH-specific events
Annex B (normative) MPD schema
Annex C (normative) MIME type registration for MPD and other resources
C.1 General
C.2 MIME type and subtype
C.3 Profiles parameters
C.4 MPD Anchors
C.4.1 General
C.4.2 Parameters
C.4.3 Examples
C.4.4 Handling UTC parameter
C.5 MPD patch MIME type
Annex D (normative) DASH Metrics
D.1 General
D.2 DASH-Metrics client reference model
D.3 Definition of observation points
D.3.1 General
D.3.2 Observation point 1
D.3.3 Observation point 2
D.3.4 Observation point 3
D.4 Semantics of the DASH metrics
D.4.1 General
D.4.2 TCP connections
D.4.3 HTTP request/response transactions
D.4.4 Representation switch events
D.4.5 Buffer level
D.4.6 Play list
D.4.7 Device information
Annex E (normative) Byte range requests with regular HTTP GET methods
E.1 Background
E.2 Construction rule
E.3 Examples
Annex F (informative) Guidelines for extending DASH with other delivery formats
F.1 Adding delivery formats to DASH
F.2 Media Presentation authoring rules
Annex G (informative) MPD Examples and MPD Usage
G.1 Example MPD for ISO Base media file format On Demand profile
G.2 Example for ISO Base media file format Live profile
G.3 Example for MPEG-2 TS Simple profile
G.4 Example for multiple stereo views
G.5 Example for SVC alternative streams
G.6 Example for trick play support
G.7 Example for content protected by multiple schemes
G.8 Example for usage of Role descriptor
G.9 Example for usage of Event Messaging
G.10 Example for MPD Adaptation Set Linking
G.11 Remote Element Entity
G.12 Directory Limit Support in Segment Template Based Delivery
G.13 Data URLs
G.14 Example Live MPD with Timing Information
G.15 Example MPD for Preselection Descriptor
G.16 Example MPD for Preselection Element
G.17 Example MPD for Preselection Element using ContentComponent
G.18 Example MPD for Low Latency Streaming
G.19 DASH Profile for CMAF Content
G.20 Resynchronization
G.21 MPD Patch Document
G.22 Failover Content
Annex H (normative) Spatial Relationship Description
H.1 Spatial Relationship Description (SRD) scheme
H.2 SRD @value syntax
H.2.1 General
H.2.2 Common parameters
H.2.3 Specific parameters for static spatial description
H.2.4 Specific parameters for dynamic spatial description
H.3 Examples
H.3.1 General
H.3.2 Zoomed video
H.3.3 Tiled video
H.3.4 Tiled panorama with moving Region-of-Interest
Annex I (normative) Flexible Insertion of URL Parameters
I.1 General
I.2 Segment URL parametrization
I.2.1 General
I.2.2 URL Query Information
I.2.2.1 Overview
I.2.2.2 Semantics
I.2.2.3 XML Syntax
I.2.3 Modified template-based segment URL construction, according to UrlQueryInfo element
I.2.3.1 General
I.2.3.2 Computation of an initial query string (initialQueryString)
I.2.3.3 Computation of a final query string (finalQueryString)
I.2.3.4 Modified media segment URLs building process
I.2.4 Examples
I.2.4.1 Example 1
I.2.4.2 Example 2
I.2.4.3 Example 3
I.2.4.4 Example 4
I.3 Extended HTTP GET request parametrization
I.3.1 General
I.3.2 Semantics
I.3.3 XML Syntax
I.3.4 Extended parameter generation
I.3.4.1 Theory of operation
I.3.4.2 Computation of an initial query string (initialQueryString)
I.3.4.3 Computation of a final query string (finalQueryString)
I.3.5 Extended Parameter Output
Annex J (informative) Open GOP resolution change
Annex K (normative) DASH Service Description
K.1 General
K.2 DASH Client model with Service Description
K.3 Semantics of DASH Service Description
K.3.1 General
K.3.2 Service Latency
K.3.3 Playback Rate
K.3.4 Operating Quality
K.3.5 Operating Bandwidth
K.4 MPD Carriage of DASH Service Description
K.4.1 Description
K.4.2 Semantics
K.4.2.1 General
K.4.2.2 Latency
K.4.2.3 Playback Rate
K.4.2.4 Operating Quality
K.4.2.5 Operating Bandwidth
K.4.3 Syntax
K.4.3.1 General
K.4.3.2 Latency
K.4.3.3 Playback Rate
K.4.3.4 Operating Quality
K.4.3.5 Operating Bandwidth
K.5 Example Client Usage
Bibliography
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