ISO/IEC 23008-12:2022
Information technology — High efficiency coding and media delivery in heterogeneous environments — Part 12: Image File Format
This document specifies the Image File Format, an interoperable storage format for a single image, a collection of images, and sequences of images.
The format defined in this document is built on tools defined in ISO/IEC 14496-12 and enables the interchange, editing, and display of images, as well as the carriage of metadata associated with those images. The Image File Format defines structures used to contain metadata, how to link that metadata to the images, and defines how metadata of certain forms is carried.
This document also specifies brands for the storage of images and image sequences conforming to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), JPEG, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) and Essential Video Coding (EVC).
NOTE The storage of HEVC, AVC, VVC and EVC video sequences is out of scope and is provided in ISO/IEC 14496‑15.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Overview
5 General requirements
5.1 General requirements on files
5.2 General requirements on readers
5.3 Multi-purpose files
5.4 Other boxes
6 Single image and image collection
6.1 General
6.2 Derivation from the ISO base media file format
6.3 Derivation of an output image of an image item
6.4 Roles of images
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Hidden images
6.4.3 Cover image
6.4.4 Thumbnail images
6.4.5 Auxiliary images
6.4.6 Master images
6.4.7 Pre-derived coded images
6.4.8 Multi-layer images
6.4.9 Predictively coded image items
6.5 Image properties
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Decoder configuration and initialization
6.5.3 Image spatial extents
6.5.4 Pixel aspect ratio
6.5.5 Colour information
6.5.6 Pixel information
6.5.7 Relative location
6.5.8 Image properties for auxiliary images
6.5.9 Clean aperture
6.5.10 Image rotation
6.5.11 Layer selection
6.5.12 Image mirroring
6.5.13 Image scaling
6.5.14 Content light level
6.5.15 Mastering display colour volume
6.5.16 Content colour volume
6.5.17 Required reference types
6.5.18 Creation time information
6.5.19 Modification time information
6.5.20 User description
6.5.21 Accessibility text
6.5.22 Auto Exposure Information
6.5.23 White balance information
6.5.24 Focus information
6.5.25 Flash exposure information
6.5.26 Depth of field information
6.5.27 Panorama information
6.5.28 Sub-sample information
6.5.29 Target output layer set
6.5.30 Wipe transition effect
6.5.31 Zoom transition effect
6.5.32 Fade transition effect
6.5.33 Split transition effect
6.5.34 Suggested transition period
6.5.35 Suggested time display duration
6.5.36 Ambient viewing environment
6.6 Derived images and derived image items
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Derived image types and derived image item types
6.7 Image metadata
6.8 Entity and sample groups
6.8.1 Relating an untimed item to a timed sequence
6.8.2 Burst images
6.8.3 'tsyn' entity group
6.8.4 'iaug' entity group
6.8.5 'ster' entity grouping
6.8.6 Bracketed sets/logically group of images at capture-time
6.8.7 User-defined image collections
6.8.8 Panorama
6.8.9 Slideshow
6.9 Auxiliary image item types and sample formats
6.9.1 CICP-compliant alpha plane
6.9.2 CICP-compliant depth map
6.10 Region items and region annotations
6.10.1 Region item
6.10.2 Mask item
6.10.3 Region annotation
6.11 Derived region items
6.11.1 General
6.11.2 Derived region item types
7 Image sequences
7.1 General
7.2 Derivation from the ISO base media file format
7.2.1 Track Header box
7.2.2 Handler type
7.2.3 Coding Constraints box
7.3 Presentation of an image sequence track
7.4 Sample groups
7.4.1 Direct reference samples list
7.5 Other tracks
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Thumbnail image sequence track
7.5.3 Auxiliary image sequence track
8 Metadata support
8.1 General
8.2 Metadata for image items
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Deductive information
8.3 Metadata for image sequence tracks
8.4 Integrity checks
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Syntax
8.4.3 Semantics
9 Extensions to the ISO base media file format
10 Image File Format brands
10.1 General
10.2 Image and image collection brands
10.2.1 General requirements on brands
10.2.2 'mif1' structural brand
10.2.3 'mif2' structural brand
10.2.4 'pred' brand
10.2.5 '1pic' brand
10.3 Image sequence brands
10.3.1 'msf1' structural brand
Annex A (normative) Storage of externally specified metadata
Annex B (normative) HEVC Image File Format
Annex C (normative) High efficiency image file MIME type registration
Annex D (normative) High efficiency image sequence file MIME type registration
Annex E (normative) AVC in the Image File Format
Annex F (normative) Advanced coding image MIME type registration
Annex G (normative) Advanced coding sequence MIME type registration
Annex H (normative) JPEG in the Image File Format
Annex I (informative) Guidelines for specifying storage of image coding formats
Annex J (informative) Examples of image collections
Annex K (informative) Guidelines for progressive refinement
Annex L (normative) VVC Image File Format
Annex M (normative) EVC Image File Format
Annex N (informative) Privacy and security considerations
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions, and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Overview
5 General requirements
5.1 General requirements on files
5.2 General requirements on readers
5.3 Multi-purpose files
5.4 Other boxes
6 Single image and image collection
6.1 General
6.2 Derivation from the ISO base media file format
6.3 Derivation of an output image of an image item
6.4 Roles of images
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Hidden images
6.4.3 Cover image
6.4.4 Thumbnail images
6.4.5 Auxiliary images
6.4.6 Master images
6.4.7 Pre-derived coded images
6.4.8 Multi-layer images
6.4.9 Predictively coded image items
6.5 Image properties
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Decoder configuration and initialization
6.5.3 Image spatial extents
6.5.4 Pixel aspect ratio
6.5.5 Colour information
6.5.6 Pixel information
6.5.7 Relative location
6.5.8 Image properties for auxiliary images
6.5.9 Clean aperture
6.5.10 Image rotation
6.5.11 Layer selection
6.5.12 Image mirroring
6.5.13 Image scaling
6.5.14 Content light level
6.5.15 Mastering display colour volume
6.5.16 Content colour volume
6.5.17 Required reference types
6.5.18 Creation time information
6.5.19 Modification time information
6.5.20 User description
6.5.21 Accessibility text
6.5.22 Auto Exposure Information
6.5.23 White balance information
6.5.24 Focus information
6.5.25 Flash exposure information
6.5.26 Depth of field information
6.5.27 Panorama information
6.5.28 Sub-sample information
6.5.29 Target output layer set
6.5.30 Wipe transition effect
6.5.31 Zoom transition effect
6.5.32 Fade transition effect
6.5.33 Split transition effect
6.5.34 Suggested transition period
6.5.35 Suggested time display duration
6.5.36 Ambient viewing environment
6.6 Derived images and derived image items
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Derived image types and derived image item types
6.7 Image metadata
6.8 Entity and sample groups
6.8.1 Relating an untimed item to a timed sequence
6.8.2 Burst images
6.8.3 'tsyn' entity group
6.8.4 'iaug' entity group
6.8.5 'ster' entity grouping
6.8.6 Bracketed sets/logically group of images at capture-time
6.8.7 User-defined image collections
6.8.8 Panorama
6.8.9 Slideshow
6.9 Auxiliary image item types and sample formats
6.9.1 CICP-compliant alpha plane
6.9.2 CICP-compliant depth map
6.10 Region items and region annotations
6.10.1 Region item
6.10.2 Mask item
6.10.3 Region annotation
6.11 Derived region items
6.11.1 General
6.11.2 Derived region item types
7 Image sequences
7.1 General
7.2 Derivation from the ISO base media file format
7.2.1 Track Header box
7.2.2 Handler type
7.2.3 Coding Constraints box
7.3 Presentation of an image sequence track
7.4 Sample groups
7.4.1 Direct reference samples list
7.5 Other tracks
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Thumbnail image sequence track
7.5.3 Auxiliary image sequence track
8 Metadata support
8.1 General
8.2 Metadata for image items
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Deductive information
8.3 Metadata for image sequence tracks
8.4 Integrity checks
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Syntax
8.4.3 Semantics
9 Extensions to the ISO base media file format
10 Image File Format brands
10.1 General
10.2 Image and image collection brands
10.2.1 General requirements on brands
10.2.2 'mif1' structural brand
10.2.3 'mif2' structural brand
10.2.4 'pred' brand
10.2.5 '1pic' brand
10.3 Image sequence brands
10.3.1 'msf1' structural brand
Annex A (normative) Storage of externally specified metadata
Annex B (normative) HEVC Image File Format
Annex C (normative) High efficiency image file MIME type registration
Annex D (normative) High efficiency image sequence file MIME type registration
Annex E (normative) AVC in the Image File Format
Annex F (normative) Advanced coding image MIME type registration
Annex G (normative) Advanced coding sequence MIME type registration
Annex H (normative) JPEG in the Image File Format
Annex I (informative) Guidelines for specifying storage of image coding formats
Annex J (informative) Examples of image collections
Annex K (informative) Guidelines for progressive refinement
Annex L (normative) VVC Image File Format
Annex M (normative) EVC Image File Format
Annex N (informative) Privacy and security considerations
Bibliography