ISO/IEC 20071-23:2018
Information technology — User interface component accessibility — Part 23: Visual presentation of audio information (including captions and subtitles)
This document provides guidance for producers, exhibitors, and distributors on the visual presentation of alternatives to audio information in audiovisual content, such as captions/subtitles.
This document provides requirements and recommendations that are intended to support users who are not able to use the audio information, prefer to use a visual representation of audio information, or prefer both audio and visual presentations.
NOTE Many users do not have a choice, for instance, when in a noisy environment (e.g. bar, restaurant, etc.). In these situations, the user does not select a visual presentation of audio information but is offered the content with captions/subtitles.
This document acknowledges the various needs and preferences of viewers (end users) as well as the different approaches to visual presentation of audio information. It applies to all presentations of visual alternatives to audio information intended to be presented as captions/subtitles.
This document does not apply to the presentation devices or transmission mechanisms used to deliver the content or visual presentations of audio information. These devices could include, but are not limited to: televisions, computers, wireless devices, projection equipment, DVD and home cinema equipment, video game consoles, and other forms of user interfaces technology. This document does not apply to transcoding files and formats for the various video outputs.
This document gives guidance on visual presentations which are delivered in the same language as in the audio (i.e., intra-lingual captions/subtitles) and visual presentations which are translated into a different language (i.e., inter-lingual captions/subtitles). This document does not apply to the specific process of language translation.
This document helps to improve accessibility. This document does not establish requirements on specific industries (e.g. television broadcasting, motion pictures) nor is it intended to supersede specific international standards within their domain.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Framework for the visual presentation of audio information
4.1 Purpose
4.2 Motivation
4.3 Locations of presentations
4.4 Modes of presentations
4.5 Modes of access
4.6 Modes of display
4.7 Levels of importance
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Essential information
4.7.3 Significant information
4.7.4 Helpful information
4.7.5 Unhelpful information
5 Applicability of requirements and recommendations
5.1 Predictable audio contents
5.2 Unpredictable audio contents
6 Production of visual presentations of audio information
6.1 Consideration to match the intended meaning
6.2 Ease of understanding of visual presentations of audio information
6.3 Consideration of output devices
6.4 Verification of visual presentations of audio information with the intended output devices
6.5 Connecting visual presentations of audio information data with content data
6.6 Combining multiple visual presentations of audio information
6.7 Update of visual presentations of audio information data
6.8 Evaluation
6.9 Evaluations including contribution of typical users
7 Visual design
7.1 General
7.2 Personalization
7.3 Engagement
7.4 Synchronization of presentations
7.5 Avoidance of information obstruction
7.6 Font size
7.7 Font type
7.8 Font face
7.9 Upper, lower, and mixed case letters
7.10 Contrast and use of colour
7.11 Speed
7.12 Number of lines
7.13 Spacing between characters and lines (kerning and leading)
7.14 Correct punctuation
7.15 Spacing between words and phrases
7.16 Transitions between presentations
7.17 Sentence segmentation
7.18 Indication of sentence breaks over multiple visual presentations
7.19 Additional duration for location change
7.20 Modes of display
8 Visual alternative container (VAC)
8.1 General
8.2 VAC position and area
9 Describing speech
9.1 Describing verbal content
9.2 Grammar
9.3 Vulgar verbal content and slang
9.4 Language variation
9.5 Foreign accents
9.6 Indiscernible audio content
9.7 Spelling
9.8 Abbreviations
9.9 Homophones, homonyms, homographs, heteronyms, and heterographs
9.10 Long speech
9.11 Describing multiple simultaneous information
9.12 Confirmation by content producers when producing visual presentations of speech
9.13 Sources of information
10 Non-speech information (NSI)
10.1 General
10.2 Describing NSI
10.3 Correct description of NSI
10.4 Well-known sound descriptions
10.5 Onomatopoeia
10.6 Sound effects in speech
10.7 Censored language
10.8 Paralinguistic sound effects
10.9 Discrete and sustained sound effects
10.10 Confirmation by content producers when producing visual presentations of NSI
10.11 Sources of information
11 Music
11.1 General
11.2 Describing presence of music
11.3 Describing the reason or purpose for the music
11.4 Provide information that identifies the music
11.5 Clarification of music descriptions
11.6 Presentation of lyrics
11.7 Distinction of lyrics from speech
11.8 Confirmation by content producers when producing visual presentations of music
11.9 Sources of lyrics
12 Emotions
12.1 General
12.2 Describing intended emotional nuance
12.3 Describing the reason or purpose for the emotional nuance
12.4 Confirmation by content producers when producing visual presentations of audio information of emotions
13 Silence
13.1 General
13.2 Describing intentional silence
13.3 Describing prolonged silence
13.4 Describing the reason or purpose for the silence
14 Identifying speakers
14.1 General
14.2 Means of identifying speakers
14.3 Identifying speakers by word
14.4 Identifying speakers by pictogram
14.5 Identifying speakers by colour
14.6 Identifying speakers by position
14.7 Identifying change of speakers by changing position
14.8 Multiple visual presentations of audio information
15 Evaluating quality of visual presentations of audio information
15.1 General
15.2 Quality review process
Annex A (informative) Evaluation index and references of guidelines and reports for accessibility
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Framework for the visual presentation of audio information
4.1 Purpose
4.2 Motivation
4.3 Locations of presentations
4.4 Modes of presentations
4.5 Modes of access
4.6 Modes of display
4.7 Levels of importance
4.7.1 General
4.7.2 Essential information
4.7.3 Significant information
4.7.4 Helpful information
4.7.5 Unhelpful information
5 Applicability of requirements and recommendations
5.1 Predictable audio contents
5.2 Unpredictable audio contents
6 Production of visual presentations of audio information
6.1 Consideration to match the intended meaning
6.2 Ease of understanding of visual presentations of audio information
6.3 Consideration of output devices
6.4 Verification of visual presentations of audio information with the intended output devices
6.5 Connecting visual presentations of audio information data with content data
6.6 Combining multiple visual presentations of audio information
6.7 Update of visual presentations of audio information data
6.8 Evaluation
6.9 Evaluations including contribution of typical users
7 Visual design
7.1 General
7.2 Personalization
7.3 Engagement
7.4 Synchronization of presentations
7.5 Avoidance of information obstruction
7.6 Font size
7.7 Font type
7.8 Font face
7.9 Upper, lower, and mixed case letters
7.10 Contrast and use of colour
7.11 Speed
7.12 Number of lines
7.13 Spacing between characters and lines (kerning and leading)
7.14 Correct punctuation
7.15 Spacing between words and phrases
7.16 Transitions between presentations
7.17 Sentence segmentation
7.18 Indication of sentence breaks over multiple visual presentations
7.19 Additional duration for location change
7.20 Modes of display
8 Visual alternative container (VAC)
8.1 General
8.2 VAC position and area
9 Describing speech
9.1 Describing verbal content
9.2 Grammar
9.3 Vulgar verbal content and slang
9.4 Language variation
9.5 Foreign accents
9.6 Indiscernible audio content
9.7 Spelling
9.8 Abbreviations
9.9 Homophones, homonyms, homographs, heteronyms, and heterographs
9.10 Long speech
9.11 Describing multiple simultaneous information
9.12 Confirmation by content producers when producing visual presentations of speech
9.13 Sources of information
10 Non-speech information (NSI)
10.1 General
10.2 Describing NSI
10.3 Correct description of NSI
10.4 Well-known sound descriptions
10.5 Onomatopoeia
10.6 Sound effects in speech
10.7 Censored language
10.8 Paralinguistic sound effects
10.9 Discrete and sustained sound effects
10.10 Confirmation by content producers when producing visual presentations of NSI
10.11 Sources of information
11 Music
11.1 General
11.2 Describing presence of music
11.3 Describing the reason or purpose for the music
11.4 Provide information that identifies the music
11.5 Clarification of music descriptions
11.6 Presentation of lyrics
11.7 Distinction of lyrics from speech
11.8 Confirmation by content producers when producing visual presentations of music
11.9 Sources of lyrics
12 Emotions
12.1 General
12.2 Describing intended emotional nuance
12.3 Describing the reason or purpose for the emotional nuance
12.4 Confirmation by content producers when producing visual presentations of audio information of emotions
13 Silence
13.1 General
13.2 Describing intentional silence
13.3 Describing prolonged silence
13.4 Describing the reason or purpose for the silence
14 Identifying speakers
14.1 General
14.2 Means of identifying speakers
14.3 Identifying speakers by word
14.4 Identifying speakers by pictogram
14.5 Identifying speakers by colour
14.6 Identifying speakers by position
14.7 Identifying change of speakers by changing position
14.8 Multiple visual presentations of audio information
15 Evaluating quality of visual presentations of audio information
15.1 General
15.2 Quality review process
Annex A (informative) Evaluation index and references of guidelines and reports for accessibility
Bibliography