ISO/IEC 18000-4:2018
Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
This document defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating in the 2,45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band used in item management applications. This document provides a common technical specification for RFID devices that can be used by ISO committees developing RFID application standards. This document is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international marketplace. This document defines the forward and return link parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP), spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order, and where appropriate, operating channels, frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading sequence, and chip rate. This document further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface.
This document contains four modes. Mode 1 is an interrogator talks first with passive tag. Mode 2 is a tag talks first with battery-assisted passive tag. Mode 3 is a globally available, ubiquitous network supporting (but not limited to) the logistics and transportation industry; agnostic to any device, commercial or otherwise, requiring global availability. Mode 4 is a configurable data rate active RFID system. It provides the functions of long range objects identification and environmental sense, and it is intended to realize the low cost device and low power consumption, long range identification, fast and reliable tags access. The detailed technical differences between the modes are shown in the parameter tables.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 General items on 2,45 GHz RFID protocols that support this document
5.1 Protocols
5.2 Frequency
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Interface definitions
5.3 Tag identification number
5.4 Potential interference
6 MODE 1: Passive backscatter RFID system
6.1 MODE 1: General
6.2 Physical layer and data coding
6.2.1 Interrogator power-up waveform
6.2.2 Interrogator power-down
6.2.3 Frequency hopping carrier rise and fall times
6.2.4 Forward link
6.2.5 FM0 return link
6.2.6 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
6.2.7 Protocol concept
6.2.8 Command format
6.2.9 Response format
6.2.10 WAIT
6.2.11 Communication sequences at packet level
6.3 Protocol and collision arbitration
6.3.1 Definition of data elements, bit and byte ordering
6.3.2 Tag memory organization
6.3.3 Block security status
6.3.4 Overall protocol description
6.3.5 Collision arbitration
6.3.6 Commands
6.3.7 Transmission errors
7 MODE 2: Long range high data rate RFID system
7.1 MODE 2: General
7.2 Modulation and coding
7.2.1 Forward link (only for R/W-tag)
7.2.2 Return link for notification (for both types of the tag)
7.2.3 Return link for communication (only for R/W-tag)
7.3 General system description
7.4 Frame structure
7.4.1 Hierarchical structure
7.4.2 Logical channels
7.4.3 Physical channels
7.5 Channel coding and sequences
7.5.1 Synchronization and CRC patterns
7.6 Command set for the command slot channel: CS-CH (only for R/W-tag)
7.6.1 Command types
7.6.2 Command set
7.6.3 Command codes
8 MODE 3: Active RFID ITF network
8.1 General
8.2 Operational requirements
8.3 Network Physical Layer description
8.4 Network description
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Network topology
8.5 Star topology
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Star topology data flow
8.6 Trunk topology
8.6.1 Trunk coordinator requirements
8.6.2 Data flow in a trunk topology
8.7 Peer-to-peer topology
8.8 Mesh topology
8.8.1 Establishing a mesh network
8.9 Message types
8.9.1 Network discovery beacon (NDB)
8.9.2 Network status message (NSM)
8.9.3 Acknowledgement message
8.9.4 Command message
8.9.5 Data message
8.9.6 Mesh request
8.9.7 Mesh data
8.10 Network discovery
8.10.1 Methods of network discovery
8.10.2 Transmitting network discovery beacons
8.10.3 Connectionless network
8.10.4 Associated network connection (ANC)
8.11 Link encryption methods
9 MODE 4: Configurable data rate active RFID system
9.1 General
9.2 Cryptographic suite indicators
9.3 Physical layer
9.3.1 Operating frequency
9.3.2 Emission spectrum density mask
9.3.3 Modulation and spectrum spread
9.3.4 TX/RX switch time
9.3.5 EVM
9.4 Data link layer
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Preamble
9.4.3 Synchronous code
9.4.4 Data length
9.4.5 Frame option
9.4.6 Message data
9.4.7 CRC
9.5 Tag memory structure
9.5.1 Overview
9.5.2 Data organization of security section
9.5.3 Data organization of user section
9.5.4 File definitions of user section
9.6 Tag state transition
9.6.1 Overview
9.6.2 Figure of tag state transition
9.6.3 Sense state
9.6.4 Ready state
9.6.5 Operation state
9.6.6 Sleep state
9.6.7 Killing state
9.7 Interrogator commands and tag responses
9.7.1 Command types
9.7.2 Command codes list
9.7.3 Ready and sleep commands
9.7.4 Access commands
9.7.5 Collection commands
9.7.6 File access commands
9.7.7 Monitor commands
9.7.8 Security protocol commands
9.7.9 Other commands
9.8 Protocol operation mode
9.8.1 Overview
9.8.2 Operation process
9.8.3 Operation mode
9.9 Anti-collision method
9.9.1 Overview
9.9.2 Anti-collision process
9.9.3 Binary tree algorithm
9.10 Parameters for air interface
9.10.1 Parameters of physical and data link layer
9.10.2 Protocol parameters
10 Table of characteristic differences between the modes specified in this document
Annex A (informative) Mode 1: Memory map
Annex B (informative) Mode 1: CRC
Annex C (normative) Mode 2: Memory map
Annex D (informative) Mode 2: CRC
Annex E (normative) Mode 4: Tag state transition tables
Annex F (informative) Mode 4: Inventory process example
Annex G (informative) Mode 4: Wake-up mechanism
Annex H (informative) Mode 4: Typical parameters of anti-collision algorithm
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 General items on 2,45 GHz RFID protocols that support this document
5.1 Protocols
5.2 Frequency
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Interface definitions
5.3 Tag identification number
5.4 Potential interference
6 MODE 1: Passive backscatter RFID system
6.1 MODE 1: General
6.2 Physical layer and data coding
6.2.1 Interrogator power-up waveform
6.2.2 Interrogator power-down
6.2.3 Frequency hopping carrier rise and fall times
6.2.4 Forward link
6.2.5 FM0 return link
6.2.6 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
6.2.7 Protocol concept
6.2.8 Command format
6.2.9 Response format
6.2.10 WAIT
6.2.11 Communication sequences at packet level
6.3 Protocol and collision arbitration
6.3.1 Definition of data elements, bit and byte ordering
6.3.2 Tag memory organization
6.3.3 Block security status
6.3.4 Overall protocol description
6.3.5 Collision arbitration
6.3.6 Commands
6.3.7 Transmission errors
7 MODE 2: Long range high data rate RFID system
7.1 MODE 2: General
7.2 Modulation and coding
7.2.1 Forward link (only for R/W-tag)
7.2.2 Return link for notification (for both types of the tag)
7.2.3 Return link for communication (only for R/W-tag)
7.3 General system description
7.4 Frame structure
7.4.1 Hierarchical structure
7.4.2 Logical channels
7.4.3 Physical channels
7.5 Channel coding and sequences
7.5.1 Synchronization and CRC patterns
7.6 Command set for the command slot channel: CS-CH (only for R/W-tag)
7.6.1 Command types
7.6.2 Command set
7.6.3 Command codes
8 MODE 3: Active RFID ITF network
8.1 General
8.2 Operational requirements
8.3 Network Physical Layer description
8.4 Network description
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Network topology
8.5 Star topology
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Star topology data flow
8.6 Trunk topology
8.6.1 Trunk coordinator requirements
8.6.2 Data flow in a trunk topology
8.7 Peer-to-peer topology
8.8 Mesh topology
8.8.1 Establishing a mesh network
8.9 Message types
8.9.1 Network discovery beacon (NDB)
8.9.2 Network status message (NSM)
8.9.3 Acknowledgement message
8.9.4 Command message
8.9.5 Data message
8.9.6 Mesh request
8.9.7 Mesh data
8.10 Network discovery
8.10.1 Methods of network discovery
8.10.2 Transmitting network discovery beacons
8.10.3 Connectionless network
8.10.4 Associated network connection (ANC)
8.11 Link encryption methods
9 MODE 4: Configurable data rate active RFID system
9.1 General
9.2 Cryptographic suite indicators
9.3 Physical layer
9.3.1 Operating frequency
9.3.2 Emission spectrum density mask
9.3.3 Modulation and spectrum spread
9.3.4 TX/RX switch time
9.3.5 EVM
9.4 Data link layer
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Preamble
9.4.3 Synchronous code
9.4.4 Data length
9.4.5 Frame option
9.4.6 Message data
9.4.7 CRC
9.5 Tag memory structure
9.5.1 Overview
9.5.2 Data organization of security section
9.5.3 Data organization of user section
9.5.4 File definitions of user section
9.6 Tag state transition
9.6.1 Overview
9.6.2 Figure of tag state transition
9.6.3 Sense state
9.6.4 Ready state
9.6.5 Operation state
9.6.6 Sleep state
9.6.7 Killing state
9.7 Interrogator commands and tag responses
9.7.1 Command types
9.7.2 Command codes list
9.7.3 Ready and sleep commands
9.7.4 Access commands
9.7.5 Collection commands
9.7.6 File access commands
9.7.7 Monitor commands
9.7.8 Security protocol commands
9.7.9 Other commands
9.8 Protocol operation mode
9.8.1 Overview
9.8.2 Operation process
9.8.3 Operation mode
9.9 Anti-collision method
9.9.1 Overview
9.9.2 Anti-collision process
9.9.3 Binary tree algorithm
9.10 Parameters for air interface
9.10.1 Parameters of physical and data link layer
9.10.2 Protocol parameters
10 Table of characteristic differences between the modes specified in this document
Annex A (informative) Mode 1: Memory map
Annex B (informative) Mode 1: CRC
Annex C (normative) Mode 2: Memory map
Annex D (informative) Mode 2: CRC
Annex E (normative) Mode 4: Tag state transition tables
Annex F (informative) Mode 4: Inventory process example
Annex G (informative) Mode 4: Wake-up mechanism
Annex H (informative) Mode 4: Typical parameters of anti-collision algorithm
Bibliography