ISO/IEC 18000-4:2015
Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part 4: Parameters for air interface communications at 2,45 GHz
ISO/IEC 18000-4:2015 defines the air interface for radio frequency identification (RFID) devices operating in the 2,45 GHz Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band used in item management applications. It provides a common technical specification for RFID devices that can be used by ISO committees developing RFID application standards. It is intended to allow for compatibility and to encourage inter-operability of products for the growing RFID market in the international marketplace. It defines the forward and return link parameters for technical attributes including, but not limited to, operating frequency, operating channel accuracy, occupied channel bandwidth, maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP), spurious emissions, modulation, duty cycle, data coding, bit rate, bit rate accuracy, bit transmission order, and, where appropriate, operating channels, frequency hop rate, hop sequence, spreading sequence, and chip rate. It further defines the communications protocol used in the air interface.
ISO/IEC 18000-4:2015 contains the following three modes: Mode 1 is an interrogator talks first with passive tag; Mode 2 is a tag talks first with battery-assisted passive tag; Mode 3 is a globally available, ubiquitous network supporting, among others, the logistics and transportation industry; agnostic to any device, commercial or otherwise, requiring global availability.
The detailed technical differences between the modes are shown in the parameter tables.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 General items on 2,45 GHz RFID protocols that support this part of ISO/IEC 18000
5.1 Protocols
5.2 Frequency
5.2.1 Interface definitions
5.3 Tag identification number
5.4 Potential interference
6 MODE 1: Passive backscatter RFID system
6.1 MODE 1: General
6.2 Physical layer and data coding
6.2.1 Interrogator power-up waveform
6.2.2 Interrogator power-down
6.2.3 Frequency hopping carrier rise and fall times
6.2.4 Forward link
6.2.5 FM0 return link
6.2.6 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
6.2.7 Protocol concept
6.2.8 Command format
6.2.9 Response format
6.2.10 WAIT
6.2.11 Communication sequences at packet level
6.3 Protocol and collision arbitration
6.3.1 Definition of data elements, bit and byte ordering
6.3.2 Tag memory organisation
6.3.3 Block security status
6.3.4 Overall protocol description
6.3.5 Collision arbitration
6.3.6 Commands
6.3.7 Transmission errors
7 MODE 2: Long range high data rate RFID system
7.1 MODE 2: General
7.2 Modulation and coding
7.2.1 Forward link (only for R/W-tag)
7.2.2 Return link for notification (for both types of the tag)
7.2.3 Return link for communication (only for R/W-tag)
7.3 General system description
7.4 Frame structure
7.4.1 Hierarchical structure
7.4.2 Logical channels
7.4.3 Physical channels
7.5 Channel coding and sequences
7.5.1 Synchronisation and CRC patterns
7.6 Command set for the command slot channel: CS-CH (only for R/W-tag)
7.6.1 Command types
7.6.2 Command set
7.6.3 Command codes
8 MODE 3: Active RFID ITF network
8.1 General
8.2 Operational Requirements
8.3 Network Physical Layer Description
8.4 Network Description
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Network Topology
8.5 Star Topology
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Star Topology Data Flow
8.6 Trunk Topology
8.6.1 Trunk Coordinator Requirements
8.6.2 Data Flow in a Trunk Topology
8.7 Peer-to-Peer Topology
8.8 Mesh Topology
8.8.1 Establishing a Mesh Network
8.9 Message Types
8.9.1 Network Discovery Beacon (NDB)
8.9.2 Network Status Message (NSM)
8.9.3 Acknowledgement Message
8.9.4 Command Message
8.9.5 Data Message
8.9.6 Mesh Request
8.9.7 Mesh Data
8.10 Network Discovery
8.10.1 Methods of Network Discovery
8.10.2 Transmitting Network Discovery Beacons
8.10.3 Connectionless Network
8.10.4 Associated Network Connection (ANC)
8.11 Link Encryption Methods
9 Table of characteristic differences between the modes specified in this part of ISO/IEC 18000
Annex A (informative) Mode 1: Memory Map
Annex B (informative) Mode 1: CRC
Annex C (normative) Mode 2: Memory Map
Annex D (informative) Mode 2: CRC
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
5 General items on 2,45 GHz RFID protocols that support this part of ISO/IEC 18000
5.1 Protocols
5.2 Frequency
5.2.1 Interface definitions
5.3 Tag identification number
5.4 Potential interference
6 MODE 1: Passive backscatter RFID system
6.1 MODE 1: General
6.2 Physical layer and data coding
6.2.1 Interrogator power-up waveform
6.2.2 Interrogator power-down
6.2.3 Frequency hopping carrier rise and fall times
6.2.4 Forward link
6.2.5 FM0 return link
6.2.6 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
6.2.7 Protocol concept
6.2.8 Command format
6.2.9 Response format
6.2.10 WAIT
6.2.11 Communication sequences at packet level
6.3 Protocol and collision arbitration
6.3.1 Definition of data elements, bit and byte ordering
6.3.2 Tag memory organisation
6.3.3 Block security status
6.3.4 Overall protocol description
6.3.5 Collision arbitration
6.3.6 Commands
6.3.7 Transmission errors
7 MODE 2: Long range high data rate RFID system
7.1 MODE 2: General
7.2 Modulation and coding
7.2.1 Forward link (only for R/W-tag)
7.2.2 Return link for notification (for both types of the tag)
7.2.3 Return link for communication (only for R/W-tag)
7.3 General system description
7.4 Frame structure
7.4.1 Hierarchical structure
7.4.2 Logical channels
7.4.3 Physical channels
7.5 Channel coding and sequences
7.5.1 Synchronisation and CRC patterns
7.6 Command set for the command slot channel: CS-CH (only for R/W-tag)
7.6.1 Command types
7.6.2 Command set
7.6.3 Command codes
8 MODE 3: Active RFID ITF network
8.1 General
8.2 Operational Requirements
8.3 Network Physical Layer Description
8.4 Network Description
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Network Topology
8.5 Star Topology
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Star Topology Data Flow
8.6 Trunk Topology
8.6.1 Trunk Coordinator Requirements
8.6.2 Data Flow in a Trunk Topology
8.7 Peer-to-Peer Topology
8.8 Mesh Topology
8.8.1 Establishing a Mesh Network
8.9 Message Types
8.9.1 Network Discovery Beacon (NDB)
8.9.2 Network Status Message (NSM)
8.9.3 Acknowledgement Message
8.9.4 Command Message
8.9.5 Data Message
8.9.6 Mesh Request
8.9.7 Mesh Data
8.10 Network Discovery
8.10.1 Methods of Network Discovery
8.10.2 Transmitting Network Discovery Beacons
8.10.3 Connectionless Network
8.10.4 Associated Network Connection (ANC)
8.11 Link Encryption Methods
9 Table of characteristic differences between the modes specified in this part of ISO/IEC 18000
Annex A (informative) Mode 1: Memory Map
Annex B (informative) Mode 1: CRC
Annex C (normative) Mode 2: Memory Map
Annex D (informative) Mode 2: CRC
Bibliography