ISO/IEC 15444-2:2023
Information technology — JPEG 2000 image coding system — Part 2: Extensions
This document defines a set of lossless (bit-preserving) and lossy compression methods for coding continuous-tone, bi-level, grey-scale, colour digital still images, or multi-component images.
This document:
– specifies extended decoding processes for converting compressed image data to reconstructed image data;
– specifies an extended codestream syntax containing information for interpreting the compressed image data;
– specifies an extended file format;
– specifies a container to store image metadata;
– defines a standard set of image metadata;
– provides guidance on extended encoding processes for converting source image data to compressed image data;
– provides guidance on how to implement these processes in practice.
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RECOMMENDATION ITU-T T.801 (V3) (08/2023) Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions
FOREWORD
CONTENTS
1 Scope
2 Normative references
2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards
2.2 Paired Recommendations | International Standards
2.3 Additional references
3 Definitions
4 Abbreviations
5 Conventions
6 General description
6.1 Extensions specified by this Recommendation | International Standard
6.1.1 Syntax
6.1.2 Variable DC offset
6.1.3 Variable scalar quantization
6.1.4 Trellis coded quantization
6.1.5 Visual masking
6.1.6 Arbitrary decomposition
6.1.7 Arbitrary wavelet transformation
6.1.8 Single sample overlap discrete wavelet transformations
6.1.9 Multiple component transformations
6.1.10 Non-linear transformation
6.1.11 Region of interest
6.1.12 File format
6.1.13 Metadata definitions
6.1.14 Progression order extensions
6.2 Relation between extensions
Annex A Compressed data syntax, extension
A.1 Extended capabilities
A.2 Extensions to Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 marker segment parameters
A.2.1 Image and tile size (SIZ), extended
A.2.2 Start of tile-part (SOT) extended
A.2.3 Coding style (COD, COC), extended
A.2.3bis Progression order change (POC), extended
A.2.4 Quantization (QCD, QCC), extended
A.2.5 Region of interest marker (RGN), extended
A.3 Extended marker segments
A.3.1 Variable DC offset (DCO)
A.3.2 Visual masking (VMS)
A.3.3 Downsampling factor styles (DFS)
A.3.4 Arbitrary decomposition styles (ADS)
A.3.5 Arbitrary transformation kernels (ATK)
A.3.6 Component bit depth definition (CBD)
A.3.7 Multiple component transformation definition (MCT)
A.3.8 Multiple component transformation collection (MCC)
A.3.9 Multiple component transformation ordering (MCO)
A.3.10 Non-linearity point transformation (NLT)
A.3.11 Quantization default, precinct (QPD)
A.3.12 Quantization precinct component (QPC)
A.3.13 Extended capabilities (CAP)
A.3.14 Precinct length, tile-part header (RLT)
Annex B Variable DC offset, extension
B.1 Variable DC offset flow
B.2 Inverse DC offset
B.3 Forward DC offset (informative)
Annex C Variable scalar quantization, extension
C.1 Variable scalar quantization
C.2 Variable scalar dequantization for irreversible filters
C.3 Variable scalar quantization for irreversible filters (informative)
Annex D Trellis coded quantization extensions
D.1 Introduction to TCQ
D.2 Sequence definition
D.3 Forward TCQ quantization (informative)
D.4 Inverse quantization (normative)
D.4.1 Full TCQ dequantization
D.4.2 Approximate dequantization
D.5 Lagrangian rate allocation (informative)
Annex E Visual masking, extensions
E.1 Introduction to visual masking (informative)
E.2 Point-wise extended non-linearity (informative)
E.3 Decoding with visual masking
E.4 Encoding with visual masking (informative)
E.5 Setting parameters (informative)
E.6 Compatibility with other technologies (informative)
Annex F Arbitrary decomposition of tile-components, extensions
F.1 Wavelet sub-bands
F.1.1 Tier 1: Number of decomposition levels
F.1.2 Tier 2: Resolution formation
F.1.3 Tier 3: Sub-level decompositions
F.1.4 Tier 4: Horizontal and vertical splits to variable sub-level depths
F.1.5 Complete sub-band notation
F.1.6 HorOrient, VerOrient and PrimeOrient sub-band operators
F.2 Equation, text and decomposition updates
F.2.1 Updates to NLLL references
F.2.2 Context updates
F.2.3 Extension to Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1, Equation B-14
F.2.4 Remaining updates
F.2.5 Updates to decomposition structure
F.3 Inverse discrete wavelet transformation for general decompositions
F.3.1 Modified IDWT procedure
F.3.2 Modified 2D_SR procedure
F.3.3 Modified 2D_INTERLEAVE procedure
F.3.3.1 The 2D_HV_INTERLEAVE procedure
F.3.3.2 The 2D_H_INTERLEAVE procedure
F.3.3.3 The 2D_V_INTERLEAVE procedure
F.4 Forward discrete wavelet transformation for general decompositions (informative)
F.4.1 Modified FDWT procedure
F.4.2 Modified 2D_SD procedure
F.4.3 Modified 2D_DEINTERLEAVE procedure
F.4.3.1 The 2D_HV_DEINTERLEAVE procedure
F.4.3.2 The 2D_H_DEINTERLEAVE procedure
F.4.3.3 The 2D_V_DEINTERLEAVE procedure
Annex G Whole-sample symmetric transformation of images, extensions
G.1 Wavelet transformation parameters, definitions and normalizations
G.2 Whole-sample symmetric (WS) wavelet transformations reconstruction
G.2.1 Normalization of WS wavelet transformations
G.2.1.1 Normalization of reversible wavelet transformation
G.2.1.2 Normalization of irreversible wavelet transformation
G.2.2 One-dimensional sub-band reconstruction procedure for WS wavelet transformations
G.2.2.1 The 1D_SR_WS procedure
G.2.2.2 The 1D_FILTR_WS procedures
G.2.2.2.1 The reversible one-dimensional reconstruction (1D_FILTR_WS) procedure
G.2.2.2.2 The irreversible one-dimensional reconstruction (1D_FILTR_WS) procedure
G.3 Whole-sample symmetric (WS) wavelet transformation decomposition (informative)
G.3.1 The 1D_SD_WS procedure (informative)
G.3.2 The 1D_FILTD_WS one-dimensional decomposition procedure (informative)
G.3.2.1 The 1D_FILTD_WS reversible one-dimensional decomposition procedure (informative)
G.3.2.2 The irreversible one-dimensional decomposition procedure (1D_FILTD_WS) (informative)
G.4 Examples of WS wavelet transformations (informative)
G.4.1 Reversible WS wavelet transformations (WT_Typ = REV) (informative)
G.4.1.1 Reversible 5-3 wavelet transformation (informative)
G.4.1.2 Reversible 13-7 wavelet transformation (informative)
G.4.2 Irreversible WS wavelet transformations (WT_Typ = IRR) (informative)
G.4.2.1 Irreversible 5-3 wavelet transformation (informative)
G.4.2.2 Irreversible 7-5 wavelet transformation (informative)
G.4.2.3 Irreversible 9-7 wavelet transformation (informative)
Annex H Transformation of images using arbitrary wavelet transformations
H.1 Wavelet transformation parameters and normalizations
H.1.1 Normalization of ARB wavelet transformations
H.1.2 Compatibility of ARB and WS wavelet transformations
H.2 Arbitrary (ARB) wavelet transformation reconstruction procedures
H.2.1 The extended 1D_SR_ARB procedure
H.2.2 The 1D_SCALER procedure
H.2.3 The 1D_STEPR procedure
H.2.4 Extension procedures
H.2.4.1 Minimum extension lengths
H.2.4.2 1D_EXT_WS procedure
H.2.4.3 1D_EXT_CON procedure
H.2.5 One-dimensional reconstruction update filtering procedures
H.2.5.1 Reversible one-dimensional reconstruction update (1D_UPDATER_REV) procedure
H.2.5.2 Irreversible one-dimensional reconstruction update (1D_UPDATER_IRR) procedure
H.3 Arbitrary (ARB) wavelet transformation decomposition procedures (informative)
H.3.1 Extended 1D_SD_ARB procedure (informative)
H.3.2 The 1D_STEPD procedure (informative)
H.3.3 Extension procedures (informative)
H.3.4 One-dimensional decomposition update procedures (informative)
H.3.4.1 Reversible one-dimensional decomposition update (1D_UPDATED_REV) procedure (informative)
H.3.4.2 Irreversible one-dimensional decomposition update (1D_UPDATED_IRR) procedure (informative)
H.3.5 1D_SCALED procedure (informative)
H.4 Examples of ARB wavelet transformations (informative)
H.4.1 Examples of arbitrary wavelet transformations (Filt_Cat = ARB) (informative)
H.4.1.1 Reversible ARB wavelet transformations (WT_Typ = REV) (informative)
H.4.1.1.1 The reversible Haar 2-2 wavelet transformation (informative)
H.4.1.1.2 Reversible 2-6 wavelet transformation (informative)
H.4.1.1.3 Reversible 2-10 wavelet transformation (informative)
H.4.1.2 Irreversible ARB wavelet transformations (WT_Typ=IRR) (informative)
H.4.1.2.1 Irreversible 6-10 wavelet transformation (informative)
H.4.1.2.2 Irreversible 10-18 wavelet transformation (informative)
H.4.2 Example of a structure for lifting implementation of half-sample symmetric wavelet transformations (informative)
Annex I Single sample overlap discrete wavelet transform, code-block anchor point and progression order extensions
I.1 Introduction to single sample overlapping
I.2 The code-block anchor points (CBAP) extension
I.2.1 Division of resolution levels in precincts
I.2.2 Division of the sub-bands into codeblocks
I.2.3 Resolution level-position-component-layer progression
I.2.4 Position-component-resolution level-layer progression
I.2.5 Component-position-resolution level-layer progression
I.2.6 Position-resolution level-component-layer progression
I.3 The SSO extension
I.3.1 Single sample overlap inverse discrete wavelet transformation (SSO-IDWT)
I.3.1.1 The IDWT_SSO procedure
I.3.1.2 The 2D_SR_SSO Procedure
I.3.1.3 The HOR_SR_SSO procedure
I.3.1.4 The VER_SR_SSO procedure
I.3.1.5 The 1D_SR_SSO procedure
I.3.1.6 The 1D_FILTR_SSO procedure
I.3.1.6.1 Reversible transformations
I.3.1.6.2 Irreversible transformations
I.3.2 Single sample overlap forward discrete wavelet transformation (informative)
I.3.2.1 The FDWT_SSO procedure
I.3.2.2 The 2D_SD_SSO procedure
I.3.2.3 The HOR_SD_SSO procedure
I.3.2.4 The VER_SD_SSO procedure
I.3.2.5 The 1D_SD_SSO procedure
I.3.2.6 The 1D_FILTD_SSO procedure
I.3.2.6.1 Reversible transformations
I.3.2.6.2 Irreversible transformations
I.3.3 Selection of single sample overlap parameters (informative)
I.3.3.1 Division of image tile components into overlapping SSO blocks (informative)
I.3.3.2 Selection of tile parameters (informative)
I.3.4 SSO examples (informative)
I.3.4.1 Illustration in the case of the 5-3 forward reversible transformation (informative)
I.3.4.2 Illustration in the case of the 5-3 forward irreversible transformation (informative)
I.3.4.3 Illustration in the case of the 9-7 forward irreversible transformation (informative)
I.4 The TSSO extension
I.4.1 Signalling for the TSSO
I.4.2 Partitioning of the image into single-sample overlapping tiles
I.4.3 Reconstruction of images samples from reconstructed tiles
I.5 Combining the SSO and TSSO extensions (informative)
Annex J Multiple component transformations, extension
J.1 Introduction to multiple component transformation concepts
J.2 Overview of inverse processing
J.2.1 Inverse multiple component transformation (MCO_TRANSFORM)
J.2.2 Multiple component transformation stage (MCC_TRANS)
J.2.3 Transformation component collection (CC_TRANS)
J.2.3.1 Define input component collection (DEF_INPUT_CC)
J.2.3.2 Apply transformation (APPLY_TRANS)
J.2.3.3 Assign output components (MAP_OUTPUT_CC)
J.3 Transformations
J.3.1 Array-based transforms
J.3.1.1 Decorrelation transformation
J.3.1.1.1 Irreversible decorrelation transformation
J.3.1.1.2 Forward irreversible decorrelation transformation (informative)
J.3.1.1.3 Reversible decorrelation transform
J.3.1.1.4 Forward reversible decorrelation transformation (informative)
J.3.1.2 Dependency transformation
J.3.1.2.1 Irreversible dependency transformation
J.3.1.2.2 Forward irreversible dependency transformation (informative)
J.3.1.2.3 Reversible dependency transformation
J.3.1.2.4 Forward reversible dependency transformation (informative)
J.3.2 Wavelet-based transformation
J.3.2.1 Inverse multi-dimensional wavelet transformation
J.3.2.2 Forward multi-dimensional wavelet transformation (informative)
Annex K Non-linear transformation
K.1 Signalling the use of the non-linear transformations
K.1.1 Decoded component reconstruction
K.1.2 Bit depth and interaction with the multiple component transformation
K.1.3 Marker interpretation
K.2 Non-linear transformation specifications
K.2.1 Gamma-style non-linearity
K.2.1.1 Forward gamma-style non-linearity (encoding, informative)
K.2.1.2 Reverse gamma-style non-linearity (normative)
K.2.2 LUT-style reverse non-linearity transformation
K.2.3 Binary complement to sign-magnitude conversion transformation
Annex L Region of interest coding and extraction, extensions
L.1 Decoding of ROI
L.2 Description of the Scaling based method
L.2.1 Encoding with ROI (informative)
L.3 Region of interest mask generation
L.3.1 Rectangular mask generation on the reference grid
L.3.2 Elliptic mask generation on the reference grid
L.3.3 Region of Interest mask generation of whole-sample symmetric filter banks
L.3.4 Region of Interest mask generation of arbitrary optional filter banks
L.3.4.1 Single sample overlap
L.3.5 Fast generation of a rectangular mask (informative)
L.3.5.1 Single Sample Overlap
L.4 Remarks on region of interest coding
L.4.1 Usage together with Maxshift method described in ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1
L.4.2 Multi-component remark (informative)
L.4.3 Implementation Precision remark (informative)
Annex M JPX extended file format syntax
M.1 File format scope
M.2 Introduction to JPX
M.2.1 File identification
M.2.2 File organization
M.2.3 Greyscale/Colour/multi-component specification
M.2.4 Specification of opacity information
M.2.5 Metadata
M.2.6 Storage of a codestream within JPX
M.2.7 Combining multiple codestreams
M.2.8 Support for various pixel formats
M.2.9 Support for JPEG XR codestreams
M.3 Greyscale/Colour/Palette/multi-component specification architecture
M.3.1 Extensions to the Colour Specification box header
M.3.2 Extensions to the Enumerated method
M.3.3 Any ICC method
M.3.4 Vendor Colour method
M.3.5 Palettized colour
M.3.6 Using multiple methods
M.3.7 Interactions with the decorrelating multiple component transformation
M.4 Fragmenting the codestream between one or more files
M.5 Combining multiple codestreams
M.5.1 Mapping codestreams to compositing layers
M.5.1.1 Establishing a sequence order for compositing layers
M.5.1.2 Establishing an order for channels in a compositing layer
M.5.1.3 Establishing a sequence order for codestreams
M.5.2 Sharing header and metadata information between codestreams and compositing layers
M.5.2.1 Default headers and metadata
M.5.2.2 Cross-referencing headers and metadata
M.5.2.3 Labelling and association
M.5.2.4 Compositing layer extensions
M.5.3 Composition
M.5.3.1 Composition rendering
M.5.3.2 Animation model
M.5.3.2.1 Special cases of life and persistence
M.5.3.2.2 Assigning compositing layers to instructions and layer reuse
M.5.3.2.3 Looping animations
M.6 Using reader requirements masks to determine how a file can be used
M.6.1 Types of expressions
M.6.1.1 Fully understand aspects
M.6.1.2 Display contents
M.6.1.3 Fallback
M.6.2 Expression representation
M.6.2.1 Formulating requirements expressions
M.6.2.2 Encoding requirements expressions
M.6.2.3 Examples
M.6.3 Testing an Implementation against requirements expressions
M.7 Extensions to the JPX file format
M.7.1 General
M.7.2 Reserved items
M.7.2.1 Definition
M.7.2.2 Enumerated colourspace
M.7.2.3 Desired reproduction boxes
M.7.2.4 Compatibility modes
M.7.2.5 Standard feature codes
M.7.3 User items
M.8 Differences from the JP2 binary definition
M.9 Conformance
M.9.1 Interpretation of JPX data structures
M.9.2 Support for JPX feature set
M.9.2.1 Compression types
M.9.2.2 Compositing layers
M.9.2.3 Codestreams
M.9.2.4 Colour specification
M.9.2.5 Codestream fragmentation
M.9.2.6 Cross-reference boxes
M.9.2.7 JP2 Header box location
M.9.2.8 Opacity
M.9.2.9 Other data in the file
M.9.2.10 JPEG XR profiles
M.9.2.11 Compression type
M.9.2.12 Compositing layers
M.9.2.13 Colour specification
M.9.2.14 Codestream fragmentation
M.9.2.15 Cross Reference Boxes
M.9.2.16 JP2 Header Box Location
M.9.2.17 Opacity
M.9.2.18 Rotation
M.9.2.19 Other Data in the file
M.9.2.20 Conformance testing
M.10 Key to graphical descriptions (informative)
M.11 Defined boxes
M.11.1 Reader Requirements box
M.11.2 Data Reference box
M.11.3 Fragment Table box (superbox)
M.11.3.1 Fragment List box
M.11.4 Cross-Reference box
M.11.5 JP2 Header box (superbox)
M.11.5.1 Image Header box
M.11.5.2 Bits Per Component box
M.11.6 Codestream Header box (superbox)
M.11.7 Compositing Layer Header box (superbox)
M.11.7.1 Colour Group box (superbox)
M.11.7.2 Colour Specification box
M.11.7.3 METHDAT field specifications in the Colour Specification box
M.11.7.3.1 METHDAT values for the Enumerated method
M.11.7.3.2 METHDAT values for the Any ICC method
M.11.7.3.3 METHDAT values for the Vendor Colour method
M.11.7.3.4 METHDAT values for the Parameterized method
M.11.7.4 EP field format and values
M.11.7.4.1 EP field format for the CIELab colourspace
M.11.7.4.2 EP field format for the CIEJab colourspace
M.11.7.5 Channel Definition box
M.11.7.6 Opacity box
M.11.7.7 Codestream Registration box
M.11.7.8 Pixel Format box
M.11.8 Contiguous Codestream box
M.11.9 Media Data box
M.11.10 Composition box (superbox)
M.11.10.1 Composition Options box
M.11.10.2 Instruction Set box
M.11.10.2.1 Instruction parameter
M.11.11 Association box (superbox)
M.11.12 Number List box
M.11.13 Label box
M.11.14 Binary Filter box
M.11.15 Desired Reproductions box (superbox)
M.11.15.1 Graphics Technology Standard Output box
M.11.16 ROI Description box
M.11.17 Digital Signature box
M.11.18 XML box
M.11.19 MPEG-7 Binary box
M.11.20 Free box
M.11.21 Compositing Layer Extensions box
M.11.22 Compositing Layer Extensions Info box
M.11.23 Multiple Codestream box
M.11.24 Multiple Codestream Info box
M.11.25 Grouping Box
M.11.26 Decomposed XML box
M.11.27 XML Header box
M.12 Dealing with unknown boxes
M.13 Using the JPX file format in conjunction with other multi-media standards (informative)
M.14 Decomposing an XML document into multiple boxes
Annex N JPX file format extended metadata definition and syntax
N.1 Introduction to extended metadata
N.2 Additional references for extended metadata
N.3 Scope of metadata definitions
N.3.1 Image Creation metadata
N.3.2 Content Description metadata
N.3.3 History metadata
N.3.4 Intellectual Property Rights metadata
N.3.5 Fundamental metadata types and elements
N.3.6 Image Identifier metadata
N.4 Metadata syntax
N.4.1 Metadata schema definition language
N.4.2 Namespace
N.4.3 Document type definition information
N.4.4 XML Schema information
N.5 Defined boxes
N.5.1 Image Creation metadata box
N.5.2 Content Description metadata box
N.5.3 History box
N.5.4 Intellectual Property Rights box
N.5.5 Image Identifier box
N.6 Metadata definitions
N.6.1 Image Creation metadata
N.6.1.1 General Creation Information metadata
N.6.1.2 Camera Capture metadata
N.6.1.3 Device Characterization metadata
N.6.1.4 Spatial Frequency Response metadata
N.6.1.5 Colour Filter Array Pattern metadata
N.6.1.6 Opto-electronic Conversion Function metadata
N.6.1.7 Camera Capture Settings metadata
N.6.1.8 Scanner Capture metadata
N.6.1.9 Scanner Settings metadata
N.6.1.10 Software Creation metadata
N.6.1.11 Captured Item metadata
N.6.1.12 Reflection Print metadata
N.6.1.13 Film metadata
N.6.2 Content Description metadata
N.6.2.1 Person Description metadata
N.6.2.2 Thing Description metadata
N.6.2.3 Organization Description metadata
N.6.2.4 Event Description metadata
N.6.2.5 Participant metadata
N.6.2.6 Event Relationship metadata
N.6.2.7 Audio metadata
N.6.2.8 Property metadata
N.6.2.9 Dictionary Definition metadata
N.6.3 History metadata
N.6.3.1 Processing Summary metadata
N.6.3.2 Image Processing Hints metadata
N.6.3.3 Previous metadata
N.6.3.4 Image Referencing metadata
N.6.4 Intellectual Property Rights metadata
N.6.4.1 IPR Names metadata
N.6.4.2 IPR Description metadata
N.6.4.3 IPR Dates metadata
N.6.4.4 IPR Exploitation metadata
N.6.4.5 IPR Management System metadata
N.6.4.6 IPR Identification metadata
N.6.4.7 Generic IPR Identifier metadata
N.6.4.8 License Plate metadata
N.6.4.9 IPR Contact Point metadata
N.6.4.10 IPR History metadata
N.6.5 Image Identifier metadata
N.7 Fundamental type and element definitions
N.7.1 Defined types
N.7.1.1 Non-negative double type
N.7.1.2 Rational type
N.7.1.3 String including language attribute type
N.7.1.4 Degree type
N.7.1.5 Half degree type
N.7.1.6 Double size type
N.7.1.7 Integer size type
N.7.1.8 DateTime type
N.7.1.9 Address type
N.7.1.10 Phone number type
N.7.1.11 Email address type
N.7.1.12 Web address type
N.7.1.13 Person type
N.7.1.14 Organization type
N.7.1.15 Location type
N.7.1.15.1 Coordinate location
N.7.1.15.2 Raw GPS Information
N.7.1.16 Direction type
N.7.1.17 Position type
N.7.1.18 Point type
N.7.1.19 Rect type
N.7.1.20 Region type
N.7.1.21 Product details type
N.7.2 Defined attributes
N.7.2.1 Language attribute
N.7.2.2 Timestamp attribute
N.7.3 Defined elements
N.7.3.1 Comment element
N.8 JPX extended metadata document type definition
N.9 JPX extended metadata XML Schema
Annex O Examples and guidelines, extensions
O.1 Arbitrary decomposition examples
O.2 Odd Tile Low Pass First (OTLPF) convention
O.2.1 Example one (even tile sizes)
O.2.2 Example two (odd tile sizes)
O.2.3 Example three (TSSO/OTLPF)
O.3 Multiple component collection example
O.3.1 Array-based multiple component transformation example
O.3.2 Unitary decorrelation transformation factorization and reversible decorrelation transformation
O.3.3 Dependency transformation, irreversible and reversible
O.4 Background to enhancement of quantization
O.5 Wrapping JPEG XR (Rec. ITU-T T.832 | ISO/IEC 29199-2) Codestreams by the JPX file format
O.5.1 File Type box
O.5.2 Reader requirements list
O.5.3 Alpha channels encoded as a separate alpha image plane
O.5.4 Image Header box
O.5.5 Channel Definition Box
O.5.6 Pixel Format box
O.5.7 Colour Specification box
O.5.8 Instruction Set box
O.5.9 UUID Boxes carrying the JPEG XR PIXEL_FORMAT UUID value
O.6 Representing floating point numbers within JPEG 2000
O.7 Working with ROI Description boxes
Annex P Block coder extensions
P.1 Selective arithmetic coding bypass (lazy mode)
P.2 Enhancement of selective arithmetic coding bypass (fast mode)
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RECOMMENDATION ITU-T T.801 (V3) (08/2023) Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions
FOREWORD
CONTENTS
1 Scope
2 Normative references
2.1 Identical Recommendations | International Standards
2.2 Paired Recommendations | International Standards
2.3 Additional references
3 Definitions
4 Abbreviations
5 Conventions
6 General description
6.1 Extensions specified by this Recommendation | International Standard
6.1.1 Syntax
6.1.2 Variable DC offset
6.1.3 Variable scalar quantization
6.1.4 Trellis coded quantization
6.1.5 Visual masking
6.1.6 Arbitrary decomposition
6.1.7 Arbitrary wavelet transformation
6.1.8 Single sample overlap discrete wavelet transformations
6.1.9 Multiple component transformations
6.1.10 Non-linear transformation
6.1.11 Region of interest
6.1.12 File format
6.1.13 Metadata definitions
6.1.14 Progression order extensions
6.2 Relation between extensions
Annex A Compressed data syntax, extension
A.1 Extended capabilities
A.2 Extensions to Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1 marker segment parameters
A.2.1 Image and tile size (SIZ), extended
A.2.2 Start of tile-part (SOT) extended
A.2.3 Coding style (COD, COC), extended
A.2.3bis Progression order change (POC), extended
A.2.4 Quantization (QCD, QCC), extended
A.2.5 Region of interest marker (RGN), extended
A.3 Extended marker segments
A.3.1 Variable DC offset (DCO)
A.3.2 Visual masking (VMS)
A.3.3 Downsampling factor styles (DFS)
A.3.4 Arbitrary decomposition styles (ADS)
A.3.5 Arbitrary transformation kernels (ATK)
A.3.6 Component bit depth definition (CBD)
A.3.7 Multiple component transformation definition (MCT)
A.3.8 Multiple component transformation collection (MCC)
A.3.9 Multiple component transformation ordering (MCO)
A.3.10 Non-linearity point transformation (NLT)
A.3.11 Quantization default, precinct (QPD)
A.3.12 Quantization precinct component (QPC)
A.3.13 Extended capabilities (CAP)
A.3.14 Precinct length, tile-part header (RLT)
Annex B Variable DC offset, extension
B.1 Variable DC offset flow
B.2 Inverse DC offset
B.3 Forward DC offset (informative)
Annex C Variable scalar quantization, extension
C.1 Variable scalar quantization
C.2 Variable scalar dequantization for irreversible filters
C.3 Variable scalar quantization for irreversible filters (informative)
Annex D Trellis coded quantization extensions
D.1 Introduction to TCQ
D.2 Sequence definition
D.3 Forward TCQ quantization (informative)
D.4 Inverse quantization (normative)
D.4.1 Full TCQ dequantization
D.4.2 Approximate dequantization
D.5 Lagrangian rate allocation (informative)
Annex E Visual masking, extensions
E.1 Introduction to visual masking (informative)
E.2 Point-wise extended non-linearity (informative)
E.3 Decoding with visual masking
E.4 Encoding with visual masking (informative)
E.5 Setting parameters (informative)
E.6 Compatibility with other technologies (informative)
Annex F Arbitrary decomposition of tile-components, extensions
F.1 Wavelet sub-bands
F.1.1 Tier 1: Number of decomposition levels
F.1.2 Tier 2: Resolution formation
F.1.3 Tier 3: Sub-level decompositions
F.1.4 Tier 4: Horizontal and vertical splits to variable sub-level depths
F.1.5 Complete sub-band notation
F.1.6 HorOrient, VerOrient and PrimeOrient sub-band operators
F.2 Equation, text and decomposition updates
F.2.1 Updates to NLLL references
F.2.2 Context updates
F.2.3 Extension to Rec. ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1, Equation B-14
F.2.4 Remaining updates
F.2.5 Updates to decomposition structure
F.3 Inverse discrete wavelet transformation for general decompositions
F.3.1 Modified IDWT procedure
F.3.2 Modified 2D_SR procedure
F.3.3 Modified 2D_INTERLEAVE procedure
F.3.3.1 The 2D_HV_INTERLEAVE procedure
F.3.3.2 The 2D_H_INTERLEAVE procedure
F.3.3.3 The 2D_V_INTERLEAVE procedure
F.4 Forward discrete wavelet transformation for general decompositions (informative)
F.4.1 Modified FDWT procedure
F.4.2 Modified 2D_SD procedure
F.4.3 Modified 2D_DEINTERLEAVE procedure
F.4.3.1 The 2D_HV_DEINTERLEAVE procedure
F.4.3.2 The 2D_H_DEINTERLEAVE procedure
F.4.3.3 The 2D_V_DEINTERLEAVE procedure
Annex G Whole-sample symmetric transformation of images, extensions
G.1 Wavelet transformation parameters, definitions and normalizations
G.2 Whole-sample symmetric (WS) wavelet transformations reconstruction
G.2.1 Normalization of WS wavelet transformations
G.2.1.1 Normalization of reversible wavelet transformation
G.2.1.2 Normalization of irreversible wavelet transformation
G.2.2 One-dimensional sub-band reconstruction procedure for WS wavelet transformations
G.2.2.1 The 1D_SR_WS procedure
G.2.2.2 The 1D_FILTR_WS procedures
G.2.2.2.1 The reversible one-dimensional reconstruction (1D_FILTR_WS) procedure
G.2.2.2.2 The irreversible one-dimensional reconstruction (1D_FILTR_WS) procedure
G.3 Whole-sample symmetric (WS) wavelet transformation decomposition (informative)
G.3.1 The 1D_SD_WS procedure (informative)
G.3.2 The 1D_FILTD_WS one-dimensional decomposition procedure (informative)
G.3.2.1 The 1D_FILTD_WS reversible one-dimensional decomposition procedure (informative)
G.3.2.2 The irreversible one-dimensional decomposition procedure (1D_FILTD_WS) (informative)
G.4 Examples of WS wavelet transformations (informative)
G.4.1 Reversible WS wavelet transformations (WT_Typ = REV) (informative)
G.4.1.1 Reversible 5-3 wavelet transformation (informative)
G.4.1.2 Reversible 13-7 wavelet transformation (informative)
G.4.2 Irreversible WS wavelet transformations (WT_Typ = IRR) (informative)
G.4.2.1 Irreversible 5-3 wavelet transformation (informative)
G.4.2.2 Irreversible 7-5 wavelet transformation (informative)
G.4.2.3 Irreversible 9-7 wavelet transformation (informative)
Annex H Transformation of images using arbitrary wavelet transformations
H.1 Wavelet transformation parameters and normalizations
H.1.1 Normalization of ARB wavelet transformations
H.1.2 Compatibility of ARB and WS wavelet transformations
H.2 Arbitrary (ARB) wavelet transformation reconstruction procedures
H.2.1 The extended 1D_SR_ARB procedure
H.2.2 The 1D_SCALER procedure
H.2.3 The 1D_STEPR procedure
H.2.4 Extension procedures
H.2.4.1 Minimum extension lengths
H.2.4.2 1D_EXT_WS procedure
H.2.4.3 1D_EXT_CON procedure
H.2.5 One-dimensional reconstruction update filtering procedures
H.2.5.1 Reversible one-dimensional reconstruction update (1D_UPDATER_REV) procedure
H.2.5.2 Irreversible one-dimensional reconstruction update (1D_UPDATER_IRR) procedure
H.3 Arbitrary (ARB) wavelet transformation decomposition procedures (informative)
H.3.1 Extended 1D_SD_ARB procedure (informative)
H.3.2 The 1D_STEPD procedure (informative)
H.3.3 Extension procedures (informative)
H.3.4 One-dimensional decomposition update procedures (informative)
H.3.4.1 Reversible one-dimensional decomposition update (1D_UPDATED_REV) procedure (informative)
H.3.4.2 Irreversible one-dimensional decomposition update (1D_UPDATED_IRR) procedure (informative)
H.3.5 1D_SCALED procedure (informative)
H.4 Examples of ARB wavelet transformations (informative)
H.4.1 Examples of arbitrary wavelet transformations (Filt_Cat = ARB) (informative)
H.4.1.1 Reversible ARB wavelet transformations (WT_Typ = REV) (informative)
H.4.1.1.1 The reversible Haar 2-2 wavelet transformation (informative)
H.4.1.1.2 Reversible 2-6 wavelet transformation (informative)
H.4.1.1.3 Reversible 2-10 wavelet transformation (informative)
H.4.1.2 Irreversible ARB wavelet transformations (WT_Typ=IRR) (informative)
H.4.1.2.1 Irreversible 6-10 wavelet transformation (informative)
H.4.1.2.2 Irreversible 10-18 wavelet transformation (informative)
H.4.2 Example of a structure for lifting implementation of half-sample symmetric wavelet transformations (informative)
Annex I Single sample overlap discrete wavelet transform, code-block anchor point and progression order extensions
I.1 Introduction to single sample overlapping
I.2 The code-block anchor points (CBAP) extension
I.2.1 Division of resolution levels in precincts
I.2.2 Division of the sub-bands into codeblocks
I.2.3 Resolution level-position-component-layer progression
I.2.4 Position-component-resolution level-layer progression
I.2.5 Component-position-resolution level-layer progression
I.2.6 Position-resolution level-component-layer progression
I.3 The SSO extension
I.3.1 Single sample overlap inverse discrete wavelet transformation (SSO-IDWT)
I.3.1.1 The IDWT_SSO procedure
I.3.1.2 The 2D_SR_SSO Procedure
I.3.1.3 The HOR_SR_SSO procedure
I.3.1.4 The VER_SR_SSO procedure
I.3.1.5 The 1D_SR_SSO procedure
I.3.1.6 The 1D_FILTR_SSO procedure
I.3.1.6.1 Reversible transformations
I.3.1.6.2 Irreversible transformations
I.3.2 Single sample overlap forward discrete wavelet transformation (informative)
I.3.2.1 The FDWT_SSO procedure
I.3.2.2 The 2D_SD_SSO procedure
I.3.2.3 The HOR_SD_SSO procedure
I.3.2.4 The VER_SD_SSO procedure
I.3.2.5 The 1D_SD_SSO procedure
I.3.2.6 The 1D_FILTD_SSO procedure
I.3.2.6.1 Reversible transformations
I.3.2.6.2 Irreversible transformations
I.3.3 Selection of single sample overlap parameters (informative)
I.3.3.1 Division of image tile components into overlapping SSO blocks (informative)
I.3.3.2 Selection of tile parameters (informative)
I.3.4 SSO examples (informative)
I.3.4.1 Illustration in the case of the 5-3 forward reversible transformation (informative)
I.3.4.2 Illustration in the case of the 5-3 forward irreversible transformation (informative)
I.3.4.3 Illustration in the case of the 9-7 forward irreversible transformation (informative)
I.4 The TSSO extension
I.4.1 Signalling for the TSSO
I.4.2 Partitioning of the image into single-sample overlapping tiles
I.4.3 Reconstruction of images samples from reconstructed tiles
I.5 Combining the SSO and TSSO extensions (informative)
Annex J Multiple component transformations, extension
J.1 Introduction to multiple component transformation concepts
J.2 Overview of inverse processing
J.2.1 Inverse multiple component transformation (MCO_TRANSFORM)
J.2.2 Multiple component transformation stage (MCC_TRANS)
J.2.3 Transformation component collection (CC_TRANS)
J.2.3.1 Define input component collection (DEF_INPUT_CC)
J.2.3.2 Apply transformation (APPLY_TRANS)
J.2.3.3 Assign output components (MAP_OUTPUT_CC)
J.3 Transformations
J.3.1 Array-based transforms
J.3.1.1 Decorrelation transformation
J.3.1.1.1 Irreversible decorrelation transformation
J.3.1.1.2 Forward irreversible decorrelation transformation (informative)
J.3.1.1.3 Reversible decorrelation transform
J.3.1.1.4 Forward reversible decorrelation transformation (informative)
J.3.1.2 Dependency transformation
J.3.1.2.1 Irreversible dependency transformation
J.3.1.2.2 Forward irreversible dependency transformation (informative)
J.3.1.2.3 Reversible dependency transformation
J.3.1.2.4 Forward reversible dependency transformation (informative)
J.3.2 Wavelet-based transformation
J.3.2.1 Inverse multi-dimensional wavelet transformation
J.3.2.2 Forward multi-dimensional wavelet transformation (informative)
Annex K Non-linear transformation
K.1 Signalling the use of the non-linear transformations
K.1.1 Decoded component reconstruction
K.1.2 Bit depth and interaction with the multiple component transformation
K.1.3 Marker interpretation
K.2 Non-linear transformation specifications
K.2.1 Gamma-style non-linearity
K.2.1.1 Forward gamma-style non-linearity (encoding, informative)
K.2.1.2 Reverse gamma-style non-linearity (normative)
K.2.2 LUT-style reverse non-linearity transformation
K.2.3 Binary complement to sign-magnitude conversion transformation
Annex L Region of interest coding and extraction, extensions
L.1 Decoding of ROI
L.2 Description of the Scaling based method
L.2.1 Encoding with ROI (informative)
L.3 Region of interest mask generation
L.3.1 Rectangular mask generation on the reference grid
L.3.2 Elliptic mask generation on the reference grid
L.3.3 Region of Interest mask generation of whole-sample symmetric filter banks
L.3.4 Region of Interest mask generation of arbitrary optional filter banks
L.3.4.1 Single sample overlap
L.3.5 Fast generation of a rectangular mask (informative)
L.3.5.1 Single Sample Overlap
L.4 Remarks on region of interest coding
L.4.1 Usage together with Maxshift method described in ITU-T T.800 | ISO/IEC 15444-1
L.4.2 Multi-component remark (informative)
L.4.3 Implementation Precision remark (informative)
Annex M JPX extended file format syntax
M.1 File format scope
M.2 Introduction to JPX
M.2.1 File identification
M.2.2 File organization
M.2.3 Greyscale/Colour/multi-component specification
M.2.4 Specification of opacity information
M.2.5 Metadata
M.2.6 Storage of a codestream within JPX
M.2.7 Combining multiple codestreams
M.2.8 Support for various pixel formats
M.2.9 Support for JPEG XR codestreams
M.3 Greyscale/Colour/Palette/multi-component specification architecture
M.3.1 Extensions to the Colour Specification box header
M.3.2 Extensions to the Enumerated method
M.3.3 Any ICC method
M.3.4 Vendor Colour method
M.3.5 Palettized colour
M.3.6 Using multiple methods
M.3.7 Interactions with the decorrelating multiple component transformation
M.4 Fragmenting the codestream between one or more files
M.5 Combining multiple codestreams
M.5.1 Mapping codestreams to compositing layers
M.5.1.1 Establishing a sequence order for compositing layers
M.5.1.2 Establishing an order for channels in a compositing layer
M.5.1.3 Establishing a sequence order for codestreams
M.5.2 Sharing header and metadata information between codestreams and compositing layers
M.5.2.1 Default headers and metadata
M.5.2.2 Cross-referencing headers and metadata
M.5.2.3 Labelling and association
M.5.2.4 Compositing layer extensions
M.5.3 Composition
M.5.3.1 Composition rendering
M.5.3.2 Animation model
M.5.3.2.1 Special cases of life and persistence
M.5.3.2.2 Assigning compositing layers to instructions and layer reuse
M.5.3.2.3 Looping animations
M.6 Using reader requirements masks to determine how a file can be used
M.6.1 Types of expressions
M.6.1.1 Fully understand aspects
M.6.1.2 Display contents
M.6.1.3 Fallback
M.6.2 Expression representation
M.6.2.1 Formulating requirements expressions
M.6.2.2 Encoding requirements expressions
M.6.2.3 Examples
M.6.3 Testing an Implementation against requirements expressions
M.7 Extensions to the JPX file format
M.7.1 General
M.7.2 Reserved items
M.7.2.1 Definition
M.7.2.2 Enumerated colourspace
M.7.2.3 Desired reproduction boxes
M.7.2.4 Compatibility modes
M.7.2.5 Standard feature codes
M.7.3 User items
M.8 Differences from the JP2 binary definition
M.9 Conformance
M.9.1 Interpretation of JPX data structures
M.9.2 Support for JPX feature set
M.9.2.1 Compression types
M.9.2.2 Compositing layers
M.9.2.3 Codestreams
M.9.2.4 Colour specification
M.9.2.5 Codestream fragmentation
M.9.2.6 Cross-reference boxes
M.9.2.7 JP2 Header box location
M.9.2.8 Opacity
M.9.2.9 Other data in the file
M.9.2.10 JPEG XR profiles
M.9.2.11 Compression type
M.9.2.12 Compositing layers
M.9.2.13 Colour specification
M.9.2.14 Codestream fragmentation
M.9.2.15 Cross Reference Boxes
M.9.2.16 JP2 Header Box Location
M.9.2.17 Opacity
M.9.2.18 Rotation
M.9.2.19 Other Data in the file
M.9.2.20 Conformance testing
M.10 Key to graphical descriptions (informative)
M.11 Defined boxes
M.11.1 Reader Requirements box
M.11.2 Data Reference box
M.11.3 Fragment Table box (superbox)
M.11.3.1 Fragment List box
M.11.4 Cross-Reference box
M.11.5 JP2 Header box (superbox)
M.11.5.1 Image Header box
M.11.5.2 Bits Per Component box
M.11.6 Codestream Header box (superbox)
M.11.7 Compositing Layer Header box (superbox)
M.11.7.1 Colour Group box (superbox)
M.11.7.2 Colour Specification box
M.11.7.3 METHDAT field specifications in the Colour Specification box
M.11.7.3.1 METHDAT values for the Enumerated method
M.11.7.3.2 METHDAT values for the Any ICC method
M.11.7.3.3 METHDAT values for the Vendor Colour method
M.11.7.3.4 METHDAT values for the Parameterized method
M.11.7.4 EP field format and values
M.11.7.4.1 EP field format for the CIELab colourspace
M.11.7.4.2 EP field format for the CIEJab colourspace
M.11.7.5 Channel Definition box
M.11.7.6 Opacity box
M.11.7.7 Codestream Registration box
M.11.7.8 Pixel Format box
M.11.8 Contiguous Codestream box
M.11.9 Media Data box
M.11.10 Composition box (superbox)
M.11.10.1 Composition Options box
M.11.10.2 Instruction Set box
M.11.10.2.1 Instruction parameter
M.11.11 Association box (superbox)
M.11.12 Number List box
M.11.13 Label box
M.11.14 Binary Filter box
M.11.15 Desired Reproductions box (superbox)
M.11.15.1 Graphics Technology Standard Output box
M.11.16 ROI Description box
M.11.17 Digital Signature box
M.11.18 XML box
M.11.19 MPEG-7 Binary box
M.11.20 Free box
M.11.21 Compositing Layer Extensions box
M.11.22 Compositing Layer Extensions Info box
M.11.23 Multiple Codestream box
M.11.24 Multiple Codestream Info box
M.11.25 Grouping Box
M.11.26 Decomposed XML box
M.11.27 XML Header box
M.12 Dealing with unknown boxes
M.13 Using the JPX file format in conjunction with other multi-media standards (informative)
M.14 Decomposing an XML document into multiple boxes
Annex N JPX file format extended metadata definition and syntax
N.1 Introduction to extended metadata
N.2 Additional references for extended metadata
N.3 Scope of metadata definitions
N.3.1 Image Creation metadata
N.3.2 Content Description metadata
N.3.3 History metadata
N.3.4 Intellectual Property Rights metadata
N.3.5 Fundamental metadata types and elements
N.3.6 Image Identifier metadata
N.4 Metadata syntax
N.4.1 Metadata schema definition language
N.4.2 Namespace
N.4.3 Document type definition information
N.4.4 XML Schema information
N.5 Defined boxes
N.5.1 Image Creation metadata box
N.5.2 Content Description metadata box
N.5.3 History box
N.5.4 Intellectual Property Rights box
N.5.5 Image Identifier box
N.6 Metadata definitions
N.6.1 Image Creation metadata
N.6.1.1 General Creation Information metadata
N.6.1.2 Camera Capture metadata
N.6.1.3 Device Characterization metadata
N.6.1.4 Spatial Frequency Response metadata
N.6.1.5 Colour Filter Array Pattern metadata
N.6.1.6 Opto-electronic Conversion Function metadata
N.6.1.7 Camera Capture Settings metadata
N.6.1.8 Scanner Capture metadata
N.6.1.9 Scanner Settings metadata
N.6.1.10 Software Creation metadata
N.6.1.11 Captured Item metadata
N.6.1.12 Reflection Print metadata
N.6.1.13 Film metadata
N.6.2 Content Description metadata
N.6.2.1 Person Description metadata
N.6.2.2 Thing Description metadata
N.6.2.3 Organization Description metadata
N.6.2.4 Event Description metadata
N.6.2.5 Participant metadata
N.6.2.6 Event Relationship metadata
N.6.2.7 Audio metadata
N.6.2.8 Property metadata
N.6.2.9 Dictionary Definition metadata
N.6.3 History metadata
N.6.3.1 Processing Summary metadata
N.6.3.2 Image Processing Hints metadata
N.6.3.3 Previous metadata
N.6.3.4 Image Referencing metadata
N.6.4 Intellectual Property Rights metadata
N.6.4.1 IPR Names metadata
N.6.4.2 IPR Description metadata
N.6.4.3 IPR Dates metadata
N.6.4.4 IPR Exploitation metadata
N.6.4.5 IPR Management System metadata
N.6.4.6 IPR Identification metadata
N.6.4.7 Generic IPR Identifier metadata
N.6.4.8 License Plate metadata
N.6.4.9 IPR Contact Point metadata
N.6.4.10 IPR History metadata
N.6.5 Image Identifier metadata
N.7 Fundamental type and element definitions
N.7.1 Defined types
N.7.1.1 Non-negative double type
N.7.1.2 Rational type
N.7.1.3 String including language attribute type
N.7.1.4 Degree type
N.7.1.5 Half degree type
N.7.1.6 Double size type
N.7.1.7 Integer size type
N.7.1.8 DateTime type
N.7.1.9 Address type
N.7.1.10 Phone number type
N.7.1.11 Email address type
N.7.1.12 Web address type
N.7.1.13 Person type
N.7.1.14 Organization type
N.7.1.15 Location type
N.7.1.15.1 Coordinate location
N.7.1.15.2 Raw GPS Information
N.7.1.16 Direction type
N.7.1.17 Position type
N.7.1.18 Point type
N.7.1.19 Rect type
N.7.1.20 Region type
N.7.1.21 Product details type
N.7.2 Defined attributes
N.7.2.1 Language attribute
N.7.2.2 Timestamp attribute
N.7.3 Defined elements
N.7.3.1 Comment element
N.8 JPX extended metadata document type definition
N.9 JPX extended metadata XML Schema
Annex O Examples and guidelines, extensions
O.1 Arbitrary decomposition examples
O.2 Odd Tile Low Pass First (OTLPF) convention
O.2.1 Example one (even tile sizes)
O.2.2 Example two (odd tile sizes)
O.2.3 Example three (TSSO/OTLPF)
O.3 Multiple component collection example
O.3.1 Array-based multiple component transformation example
O.3.2 Unitary decorrelation transformation factorization and reversible decorrelation transformation
O.3.3 Dependency transformation, irreversible and reversible
O.4 Background to enhancement of quantization
O.5 Wrapping JPEG XR (Rec. ITU-T T.832 | ISO/IEC 29199-2) Codestreams by the JPX file format
O.5.1 File Type box
O.5.2 Reader requirements list
O.5.3 Alpha channels encoded as a separate alpha image plane
O.5.4 Image Header box
O.5.5 Channel Definition Box
O.5.6 Pixel Format box
O.5.7 Colour Specification box
O.5.8 Instruction Set box
O.5.9 UUID Boxes carrying the JPEG XR PIXEL_FORMAT UUID value
O.6 Representing floating point numbers within JPEG 2000
O.7 Working with ROI Description boxes
Annex P Block coder extensions
P.1 Selective arithmetic coding bypass (lazy mode)
P.2 Enhancement of selective arithmetic coding bypass (fast mode)
Bibliography