ISO 9698:2019
Water quality — Tritium — Test method using liquid scintillation counting
This document specifies a method by liquid scintillation counting for the determination of tritium activity concentration in samples of marine waters, surface waters, ground waters, rain waters, drinking waters or of tritiated water ([3H]H2O) in effluents.
The method is not directly applicable to the analysis of organically bound tritium; its determination requires additional chemical processing of the sample (such as chemical oxidation or combustion).
With suitable technical conditions, the detection limit may be as low as 1 Bq·l−1. Tritium activity concentrations below 106 Bq·l−1 can be determined without any sample dilution.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols
4 Principle
5 Reagents and equipment
5.1 Reagents
5.1.1 Water for the blank
5.1.2 Calibration source solution
5.1.3 Scintillation solution
5.1.4 Quenching agent
5.2 Equipment
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Liquid scintillation counter
5.2.3 Counting vials
6 Sampling and samples
6.1 Sampling and sample transportation
6.2 Sample storage
7 Procedure
7.1 Sample preparation
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Direct procedure
7.1.3 Distillation
7.2 Preparation of the sources to be measured
7.3 Counting procedure
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Control and calibration
7.3.3 Measurement conditions
7.3.4 Interference control
8 Expression of results
8.1 General
8.2 Calculation of activity concentration
8.3 Decision threshold
8.4 Detection limit
8.5 Confidence interval limits
8.6 Calculations using the activity per unit of mass
9 Test report
Annex A (informative) Numerical applications
Annex B (informative) Distillation of large volume sample
Annex C (informative) Internal standard methods
Annex D (informative) Distillation of small volume sample
Annex E (informative) Simplified distillation
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols
4 Principle
5 Reagents and equipment
5.1 Reagents
5.1.1 Water for the blank
5.1.2 Calibration source solution
5.1.3 Scintillation solution
5.1.4 Quenching agent
5.2 Equipment
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Liquid scintillation counter
5.2.3 Counting vials
6 Sampling and samples
6.1 Sampling and sample transportation
6.2 Sample storage
7 Procedure
7.1 Sample preparation
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Direct procedure
7.1.3 Distillation
7.2 Preparation of the sources to be measured
7.3 Counting procedure
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Control and calibration
7.3.3 Measurement conditions
7.3.4 Interference control
8 Expression of results
8.1 General
8.2 Calculation of activity concentration
8.3 Decision threshold
8.4 Detection limit
8.5 Confidence interval limits
8.6 Calculations using the activity per unit of mass
9 Test report
Annex A (informative) Numerical applications
Annex B (informative) Distillation of large volume sample
Annex C (informative) Internal standard methods
Annex D (informative) Distillation of small volume sample
Annex E (informative) Simplified distillation
Bibliography