ISO 27799:2016
Health informatics — Information security management in health using ISO/IEC 27002
ISO 27799:2016 gives guidelines for organizational information security standards and information security management practices including the selection, implementation and management of controls taking into consideration the organization's information security risk environment(s).
It defines guidelines to support the interpretation and implementation in health informatics of ISO/IEC 27002 and is a companion to that International Standard.
ISO 27799:2016 provides implementation guidance for the controls described in ISO/IEC 27002 and supplements them where necessary, so that they can be effectively used for managing health information security. By implementing ISO 27799:2016, healthcare organizations and other custodians of health information will be able to ensure a minimum requisite level of security that is appropriate to their organization's circumstances and that will maintain the confidentiality, integrity and availability of personal health information in their care.
It applies to health information in all its aspects, whatever form the information takes (words and numbers, sound recordings, drawings, video, and medical images), whatever means are used to store it (printing or writing on paper or storage electronically), and whatever means are used to transmit it (by hand, through fax, over computer networks, or by post), as the information is always be appropriately protected.
ISO 27799:2016 and ISO/IEC 27002 taken together define what is required in terms of information security in healthcare, they do not define how these requirements are to be met. That is to say, to the fullest extent possible, ISO 27799:2016 is technology-neutral. Neutrality with respect to implementing technologies is an important feature. Security technology is still undergoing rapid development and the pace of that change is now measured in months rather than years. By contrast, while subject to periodic review, International Standards are expected on the whole to remain valid for years. Just as importantly, technological neutrality leaves vendors and service providers free to suggest new or developing technologies that meet the necessary requirements that ISO 27799:2016 describes.
As noted in the introduction, familiarity with ISO/IEC 27002 is indispensable to an understanding of ISO 27799:2016.
The following areas of information security are outside the scope of ISO 27799:2016:
a) methodologies and statistical tests for effective anonymization of personal health information;
b) methodologies for pseudonymization of personal health information (see Bibliography for a brief description of a Technical Specification that deals specifically with this topic);
c) network quality of service and methods for measuring availability of networks used for health informatics;
d) data quality (as distinct from data integrity).
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Structure of this International Standard
5 Information security policies
5.1 Management direction for information security
5.1.1 Policies for information security
5.1.2 Review of the policies for information security
6 Organization of information security
6.1 Internal organization
6.1.1 Information security roles and responsibilities
6.1.2 Segregation of duties
6.1.3 Contact with authorities
6.1.4 Contact with special interest groups
6.1.5 Information security in project management
6.2 Mobile devices and teleworking
6.2.1 Mobile device policy
6.2.2 Teleworking
7 Human resource security
7.1 Prior to employment
7.1.1 Screening
7.1.2 Terms and conditions of employment
7.2 During employment
7.2.1 Management responsibilities
7.2.2 Information security awareness, education and training
7.2.3 Disciplinary process
7.3 Termination and change of employment
7.3.1 Termination or change of employment responsibilities
8 Asset management
8.1 Responsibility for assets
8.1.1 Inventory of assets
8.1.2 Ownership of assets
8.1.3 Acceptable use of assets
8.1.4 Return of assets
8.2 Information classification
8.2.1 Classification of information
8.2.2 Labelling of information
8.2.3 Handling of assets
8.3 Media handling
8.3.1 Management of removable media
8.3.2 Disposal of media
8.3.3 Physical media transfer
9 Access control
9.1 Business requirements of access control
9.1.1 Access control policy
9.1.2 Access to networks and network services
9.2 User access management
9.2.1 User registration and de-registration
9.2.2 User access provisioning
9.2.3 Management of privileged access rights
9.2.4 Management of secret authentication information of users
9.2.5 Review of user access rights
9.2.6 Removal or adjustment of access rights
9.3 User responsibilities
9.3.1 Use of secret authentication information
9.4 System and application access control
9.4.1 Information access restriction
9.4.2 Secure log-on procedures
9.4.3 Password management system
9.4.4 Use of privileged utility programs
9.4.5 Access control to program source code
10 Cryptography
10.1 Cryptographic controls
10.1.1 Policy on the use of cryptographic controls
10.1.2 Key management
11 Physical and environmental security
11.1 Secure areas
11.1.1 Physical security perimeter
11.1.2 Physical entry controls
11.1.3 Securing offices, rooms and facilities
11.1.4 Protecting against external and environmental threats
11.1.5 Working in secure areas
11.1.6 Delivery and loading areas
11.2 Equipment
11.2.1 Equipment siting and protection
11.2.2 Supporting utilities
11.2.3 Cabling security
11.2.4 Equipment maintenance
11.2.5 Removal of assets
11.2.6 Security of equipment and assets off-premises
11.2.7 Secure disposal or reuse of equipment
11.2.8 Unattended user equipment
11.2.9 Clear desk and clear screen policy
12 Operations security
12.1 Operational procedures and responsibilities
12.1.1 Documented operating procedures
12.1.2 Change management
12.1.3 Capacity management
12.1.4 Separation of development, testing and operational environments
12.2 Protection from malware
12.2.1 Controls against malware
12.3 Backup
12.3.1 Information backup
12.4 Logging and monitoring
12.4.1 Event logging
12.4.2 Protection of log information
12.4.3 Administrator and operator logs
12.4.4 Clock synchronisation
12.5 Control of operational software
12.5.1 Installation of software on operational systems
12.6 Technical vulnerability management
12.6.1 Management of technical vulnerabilities
12.6.2 Restrictions on software installation
12.7 Information systems audit considerations
12.7.1 Information systems audit controls
13 Communications security
13.1 Network security management
13.1.1 Network controls
13.1.2 Security of network services
13.1.3 Segregation in networks
13.2 Information transfer
13.2.1 Information transfer policies and procedures
13.2.2 Agreements on information transfer
13.2.3 Electronic messaging
13.2.4 Confidentiality or non-disclosure agreements
14 System acquisition, development and maintenance
14.1 Security requirements of information systems
14.1.1 Information security requirements analysis and specification
14.1.2 Securing application services on public networks
14.1.3 Protecting application services transactions
14.2 Security in development and support processes
14.2.1 Secure development policy
14.2.2 System change control procedures
14.2.3 Technical review of applications after operating platform changes
14.2.4 Restrictions on changes to software packages
14.2.5 Secure system engineering principles
14.2.6 Secure development environment
14.2.7 Outsourced development
14.2.8 System security testing
14.2.9 System acceptance testing
14.3 Test data
14.3.1 Protection of test data
15 Supplier relationships
15.1 Information security in supplier relationships
15.1.1 Information security policy for supplier relationships
15.1.2 Addressing security within supplier agreements
15.1.3 Information and communication technology supply chain
15.2 Supplier service delivery management
15.2.1 Monitoring and review of supplier services
15.2.2 Managing changes to supplier services
16 Information security incident management
16.1 Management of information security incidents and improvements
16.1.1 Responsibilities and procedures
16.1.2 Reporting information security events
16.1.3 Reporting information security weaknesses
16.1.4 Assessment of and decision on information security events
16.1.5 Response to information security incidents
16.1.6 Learning from information security incidents
16.1.7 Collection of evidence
17 Information security aspects of business continuity management
17.1 Information security continuity
17.1.1 Planning information security continuity
17.1.2 Implementing information security continuity
17.1.3 Verify, review and evaluate information security continuity
17.2 Redundancies
17.2.1 Availability of information processing facilities
18 Compliance
18.1 Compliance with legal and contractual requirements
18.1.1 Identification of applicable legislation and contractual requirements
18.1.2 Intellectual property rights
18.1.3 Protection of records
18.1.4 Privacy and protection of personally identifiable information
18.1.5 Regulation of cryptographic controls
18.2 Information security reviews
18.2.1 Independent review of information security
18.2.2 Compliance with security policies and standards
18.2.3 Technical compliance review
Annex A (informative) Threats to health information security
Annex B (informative) Practical action plan for implementing ISO/IEC 27002 in healthcare
Annex C (informative) Checklist for conformance to ISO 27799
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Structure of this International Standard
5 Information security policies
5.1 Management direction for information security
5.1.1 Policies for information security
5.1.2 Review of the policies for information security
6 Organization of information security
6.1 Internal organization
6.1.1 Information security roles and responsibilities
6.1.2 Segregation of duties
6.1.3 Contact with authorities
6.1.4 Contact with special interest groups
6.1.5 Information security in project management
6.2 Mobile devices and teleworking
6.2.1 Mobile device policy
6.2.2 Teleworking
7 Human resource security
7.1 Prior to employment
7.1.1 Screening
7.1.2 Terms and conditions of employment
7.2 During employment
7.2.1 Management responsibilities
7.2.2 Information security awareness, education and training
7.2.3 Disciplinary process
7.3 Termination and change of employment
7.3.1 Termination or change of employment responsibilities
8 Asset management
8.1 Responsibility for assets
8.1.1 Inventory of assets
8.1.2 Ownership of assets
8.1.3 Acceptable use of assets
8.1.4 Return of assets
8.2 Information classification
8.2.1 Classification of information
8.2.2 Labelling of information
8.2.3 Handling of assets
8.3 Media handling
8.3.1 Management of removable media
8.3.2 Disposal of media
8.3.3 Physical media transfer
9 Access control
9.1 Business requirements of access control
9.1.1 Access control policy
9.1.2 Access to networks and network services
9.2 User access management
9.2.1 User registration and de-registration
9.2.2 User access provisioning
9.2.3 Management of privileged access rights
9.2.4 Management of secret authentication information of users
9.2.5 Review of user access rights
9.2.6 Removal or adjustment of access rights
9.3 User responsibilities
9.3.1 Use of secret authentication information
9.4 System and application access control
9.4.1 Information access restriction
9.4.2 Secure log-on procedures
9.4.3 Password management system
9.4.4 Use of privileged utility programs
9.4.5 Access control to program source code
10 Cryptography
10.1 Cryptographic controls
10.1.1 Policy on the use of cryptographic controls
10.1.2 Key management
11 Physical and environmental security
11.1 Secure areas
11.1.1 Physical security perimeter
11.1.2 Physical entry controls
11.1.3 Securing offices, rooms and facilities
11.1.4 Protecting against external and environmental threats
11.1.5 Working in secure areas
11.1.6 Delivery and loading areas
11.2 Equipment
11.2.1 Equipment siting and protection
11.2.2 Supporting utilities
11.2.3 Cabling security
11.2.4 Equipment maintenance
11.2.5 Removal of assets
11.2.6 Security of equipment and assets off-premises
11.2.7 Secure disposal or reuse of equipment
11.2.8 Unattended user equipment
11.2.9 Clear desk and clear screen policy
12 Operations security
12.1 Operational procedures and responsibilities
12.1.1 Documented operating procedures
12.1.2 Change management
12.1.3 Capacity management
12.1.4 Separation of development, testing and operational environments
12.2 Protection from malware
12.2.1 Controls against malware
12.3 Backup
12.3.1 Information backup
12.4 Logging and monitoring
12.4.1 Event logging
12.4.2 Protection of log information
12.4.3 Administrator and operator logs
12.4.4 Clock synchronisation
12.5 Control of operational software
12.5.1 Installation of software on operational systems
12.6 Technical vulnerability management
12.6.1 Management of technical vulnerabilities
12.6.2 Restrictions on software installation
12.7 Information systems audit considerations
12.7.1 Information systems audit controls
13 Communications security
13.1 Network security management
13.1.1 Network controls
13.1.2 Security of network services
13.1.3 Segregation in networks
13.2 Information transfer
13.2.1 Information transfer policies and procedures
13.2.2 Agreements on information transfer
13.2.3 Electronic messaging
13.2.4 Confidentiality or non-disclosure agreements
14 System acquisition, development and maintenance
14.1 Security requirements of information systems
14.1.1 Information security requirements analysis and specification
14.1.2 Securing application services on public networks
14.1.3 Protecting application services transactions
14.2 Security in development and support processes
14.2.1 Secure development policy
14.2.2 System change control procedures
14.2.3 Technical review of applications after operating platform changes
14.2.4 Restrictions on changes to software packages
14.2.5 Secure system engineering principles
14.2.6 Secure development environment
14.2.7 Outsourced development
14.2.8 System security testing
14.2.9 System acceptance testing
14.3 Test data
14.3.1 Protection of test data
15 Supplier relationships
15.1 Information security in supplier relationships
15.1.1 Information security policy for supplier relationships
15.1.2 Addressing security within supplier agreements
15.1.3 Information and communication technology supply chain
15.2 Supplier service delivery management
15.2.1 Monitoring and review of supplier services
15.2.2 Managing changes to supplier services
16 Information security incident management
16.1 Management of information security incidents and improvements
16.1.1 Responsibilities and procedures
16.1.2 Reporting information security events
16.1.3 Reporting information security weaknesses
16.1.4 Assessment of and decision on information security events
16.1.5 Response to information security incidents
16.1.6 Learning from information security incidents
16.1.7 Collection of evidence
17 Information security aspects of business continuity management
17.1 Information security continuity
17.1.1 Planning information security continuity
17.1.2 Implementing information security continuity
17.1.3 Verify, review and evaluate information security continuity
17.2 Redundancies
17.2.1 Availability of information processing facilities
18 Compliance
18.1 Compliance with legal and contractual requirements
18.1.1 Identification of applicable legislation and contractual requirements
18.1.2 Intellectual property rights
18.1.3 Protection of records
18.1.4 Privacy and protection of personally identifiable information
18.1.5 Regulation of cryptographic controls
18.2 Information security reviews
18.2.1 Independent review of information security
18.2.2 Compliance with security policies and standards
18.2.3 Technical compliance review
Annex A (informative) Threats to health information security
Annex B (informative) Practical action plan for implementing ISO/IEC 27002 in healthcare
Annex C (informative) Checklist for conformance to ISO 27799
Bibliography