ISO 24460:2023
Measurement of fluid flow rate in closed conduits — Radioactive tracer methods
This document defines the measurement of single phase fluid flow rate in closed conduits using radioactive tracer methods.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principles of radioactive tracer methods
4.1 General
4.2 Transit time method
4.2.1 Principle
4.2.2 Special recommendation for the transit time method
4.2.3 Advantages of transit time method
4.3 Constant rate injection method
4.3.1 Principle
4.3.2 Duration of injection
4.3.3 Advantage of the constant rate injection method
4.4 Integration method
4.4.1 Principle
4.4.2 Advantages of the integration method
5 Choice of radioactive tracer
5.1 General
5.1.1 Requirements
5.1.2 Radioactive tracers
5.2 Advantages of radioactive tracers
5.3 Particular advantages of radionuclide generators
5.4 Selection of radioactive tracer
5.4.1 Type of emitted radiations
5.4.2 Half-life
6 Choice of adequate mixing length
6.1 General
6.2 Consideration on the mixing length
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Examples of injection techniques for reducing mixing length
7 Detection of radioactive tracer
7.1 General
7.2 Gamma radiation detector
7.3 Detector arrangement
7.4 Data acquisition system
8 Procedures for applying radioactive tracer methods
8.1 Transit time method
8.1.1 Location of injection cross-section
8.1.2 Pulse injection of radioactive tracer
8.1.3 Estimation of the activity to be injected
8.1.4 Choice of measuring length
8.1.5 Calculation of transit time
8.2 Constant rate injection method
8.2.1 Preparation of the radioactive tracer to be injected
8.2.2 Injection of the radioactive tracer
8.2.3 Measurement of injection rate
8.3 Integration method
9 Uncertainty
9.1 General
9.1.1 Evaluation of uncertainty
9.1.2 Procedures for evaluating the uncertainty of a measured flow rate
9.1.3 Uncertainty propagation formula
9.2 Uncertainty of flow rate measured using the transit time method
9.3 Uncertainty of flow rate measured using the constant rate injection method
9.4 Uncertainty of flow rate measured using the integration method
Annex A (informative) Calculation of transit time and its standard uncertainty
Annex B (informative) Radiation dose considerations
Bibliography
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Related Information
Similar Standards
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BS 1042-2.2:1983
Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits. Velocity area methods, Method of measurement of velocity at one point of a conduit of circular cross section
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BS 5857-1.1:1980
Methods for measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits, using tracers. Measurement of water flow, General
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BS 5857-1.2:1980
Methods for measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits, using tracers. Measurement of water flow, Constant rate injection method using non-radioactive tracers
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BS 5857-1.3:1980
Methods for measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits, using tracers. Measurement of water flow, Constant rate injection method using radioactive tracers
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principles of radioactive tracer methods
4.1 General
4.2 Transit time method
4.2.1 Principle
4.2.2 Special recommendation for the transit time method
4.2.3 Advantages of transit time method
4.3 Constant rate injection method
4.3.1 Principle
4.3.2 Duration of injection
4.3.3 Advantage of the constant rate injection method
4.4 Integration method
4.4.1 Principle
4.4.2 Advantages of the integration method
5 Choice of radioactive tracer
5.1 General
5.1.1 Requirements
5.1.2 Radioactive tracers
5.2 Advantages of radioactive tracers
5.3 Particular advantages of radionuclide generators
5.4 Selection of radioactive tracer
5.4.1 Type of emitted radiations
5.4.2 Half-life
6 Choice of adequate mixing length
6.1 General
6.2 Consideration on the mixing length
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Examples of injection techniques for reducing mixing length
7 Detection of radioactive tracer
7.1 General
7.2 Gamma radiation detector
7.3 Detector arrangement
7.4 Data acquisition system
8 Procedures for applying radioactive tracer methods
8.1 Transit time method
8.1.1 Location of injection cross-section
8.1.2 Pulse injection of radioactive tracer
8.1.3 Estimation of the activity to be injected
8.1.4 Choice of measuring length
8.1.5 Calculation of transit time
8.2 Constant rate injection method
8.2.1 Preparation of the radioactive tracer to be injected
8.2.2 Injection of the radioactive tracer
8.2.3 Measurement of injection rate
8.3 Integration method
9 Uncertainty
9.1 General
9.1.1 Evaluation of uncertainty
9.1.2 Procedures for evaluating the uncertainty of a measured flow rate
9.1.3 Uncertainty propagation formula
9.2 Uncertainty of flow rate measured using the transit time method
9.3 Uncertainty of flow rate measured using the constant rate injection method
9.4 Uncertainty of flow rate measured using the integration method
Annex A (informative) Calculation of transit time and its standard uncertainty
Annex B (informative) Radiation dose considerations
Bibliography