ISO 22968:2010
Forced draught oil burners
ISO 22968:2010 specifies the terminology, test procedures and general requirements for the construction and operation of automatic forced draught oil burners supplied with a fuel having a viscosity at the burner inlet of 1,6 mm2/s (cSt) to 6 mm2/s (cSt) at 20 °C or higher, boiling petroleum in accordance with ISO 8217-based first raffinates, and the provision of related control and safety devices.
It is applicable to automatic oil burners fitted with a combustion air fan, equipped as described therein, and intended for use in appliances of different types and operated with fuel oils, single burners with a single combustion chamber, single‑fuel and dual‑fuel burners when operating only on oil, and the oil function of dual-fuel burners designed for simultaneous operation on gaseous and liquid fuels (for the former operation, see also ISO 22967).
It is not applicable to burners used in direct fired processes either with defined combustion chamber applications or where the combustion chamber wall surface temperature is greater than 750 °C or the heat transfer medium temperature is greater than 500 °C.
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1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 General
3.2 Fuel mass flow rate and performance
3.3 Test rig and combustion chamber
3.4 Composition of the gaseous combustion products
3.5 Adjustment, control and safety devices
3.6 Sequencing times
3.7 Diagrams
4 Classification of oil burners
4.1 General
4.2 Types of atomization
4.2.1 Mechanical atomization by pressurization of the combustion liquid
4.2.2 Atomization by auxiliary fluid
4.3 Automatic oil burner control methods
4.3.1 On-off control (single-stage burner)
4.3.2 Multi-stage control (two- and multi-stage burner)
4.3.3 Modulating control (modulating burner)
4.4 Means of ignition
4.4.1 Automatic electric ignition
4.4.1.1 General
4.4.1.2 Ignition by controlled spark
4.4.1.3 Ignition by non-controlled spark
4.4.2 Automatic ignition with liquid or gaseous fuels
4.4.2.1 General
4.4.2.2 Ignition by controlled ignition burner
4.4.2.3 Ignition by non-controlled ignition burner
5 Constructional and operational requirement
5.1 Construction and operation
5.1.1 General design
5.1.1.1 Materials
5.1.1.2 Design
5.1.1.3 Mounting
5.1.1.4 Accessibility for maintenance and use
5.1.2 Equipment
5.1.2.1 Motors, fans and pumps
5.1.2.2 Electrical safety
5.1.2.2.1 Electrical safety of devices
5.1.2.2.2 Electrical safety of the burner
5.1.2.2.2.1 General
5.1.2.2.2.2 Modifications, additions and replacements
5.1.2.3 Adjustable air damper
5.1.2.4 Installation of automatic burner control unit
5.1.2.5 Rubber hoses and hose assemblies
5.1.2.6 Connections
5.1.2.7 Safety shut-off devices and oil pressure switches
5.1.2.7.1 Safety shut-off devices
5.1.2.7.2 Burners with a flow rate less than or equal to 30 kg/h
5.1.2.7.3 Burners with a flow rate greater than 30 kg/h
5.1.2.8 Fuel preheating
5.1.2.8.1 General
5.1.2.8.2 Heat sources
5.1.2.8.3 Preheating temperature
5.1.2.8.4 Control of preheating temperature
5.1.2.8.5 Pressurized preheaters
5.1.2.9 Ignition device
5.1.2.10 Flame detector device
5.1.2.10.1 General
5.1.2.10.2 Flame detector device with sensor for the visible range of light
5.1.2.10.3 System requirements
5.1.2.11 Airproving device
5.1.2.12 Fuel/air ratio control device
5.1.2.13 Automatic burner control unit
5.1.2.14 Pressure test points
5.1.2.15 Interfacing with oil appliances
5.1.3 Operating requirements
5.1.3.1 Shut-down
5.1.3.2 Protection of the oil and air supply
5.1.4 Operation with dual fuel supply or simultaneous supply
5.2 Safety devices
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Ignition safety times for start-up
5.2.3 Non-volatile lock-out, recycling and ignition restoration of the oil burner
5.2.4 Pre-purging of the combustion chamber
5.2.4.1 For nominal fuel mass flow rates less than 30 kg/h
5.2.4.2 For nominal fuel mass flow rates greater than 30 kg/h
5.2.5 Ensuring adequate oil preheating
5.3 Spurious light signals
5.4 Combustion
5.5 Combustion product quality
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Smoke number
5.5.3 Unburnt hydrocarbons
5.5.4 Emission classes for burners
5.6 Combustion quality of the combustion products for other liquid fuels
5.7 Excess air ratio
5.8 Operational requirements
5.8.1 External soundness of fuel-carrying parts
5.8.2 Resistance of the burner to overheating
5.8.3 Temperatures of the control and safety devices
5.8.4 Ignition, operation and flame stability
5.8.5 Heat input range of the burner
5.8.6 Dual-fuel burner
5.8.7 Working and test diagrams
5.8.7.1 Working diagram
5.8.7.2 Test diagram
5.8.8 Determination of flame stability and the safe range of operation
6 Test methods
6.1 General
6.2 Ambient test conditions
6.3 Combustion test chamber
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Test rig for a heat input of less than or equal to 2,4 MW
6.3.3 Test rig for a heat input greater than 2,4 MW
6.3.4 Heat-transfer medium
6.3.5 Evacuation of the combustion products
6.3.5.1 Electrical supply
6.3.5.2 Installation
6.4 Measuring equipment
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Determination of CO2 or O2 as well as NOx, CO and CxHy content of the combustion gases
6.4.3 Determination of the smoke number
6.5 Measuring accuracies
6.5.1 Measuring instrument accuracies
6.5.2 Measurement uncertainties
6.6 Test conditions
6.6.1 Fuel to be used
6.6.2 Testing
6.7 Test programme
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Tests to be carried out
6.7.2.1 Setting and duration
6.7.2.2 Tests in accordance with the test diagrams
6.7.2.2.1 General
6.7.2.2.2 Tests at test point Hp1
6.7.2.2.3 Tests at test point Hp2
6.7.2.2.4 Tests at test point Hp3
6.7.2.2.5 Tests at test point 4
6.7.2.2.6 Tests at test point 5
6.7.2.2.7 Tests at test point HP6
6.7.2.2.8 Summary
6.7.2.3 Functional test
6.7.3 Result of the completed tests, test report
6.7.4 Electrical voltage conditions
6.7.5 Starting test
6.7.6 Testing during continuous operation in the case of two-stage, multi-stage or modulating burners
6.7.7 Burners with separate fan
6.8 Replacement of individual parts and equivalent components
6.9 Electrical safety
7 Conformity evaluation
8 Marking, labelling and packaging
8.1 General
8.2 Data plate
8.3 Other markings
8.4 Instructions for application, installation, commissioning, adjustment, maintenance and operation
8.4.1 Application, installation, commissioning and adjustment
8.4.2 Operation and maintenance
8.5 Marking on the packaging
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1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 General
3.2 Fuel mass flow rate and performance
3.3 Test rig and combustion chamber
3.4 Composition of the gaseous combustion products
3.5 Adjustment, control and safety devices
3.6 Sequencing times
3.7 Diagrams
4 Classification of oil burners
4.1 General
4.2 Types of atomization
4.2.1 Mechanical atomization by pressurization of the combustion liquid
4.2.2 Atomization by auxiliary fluid
4.3 Automatic oil burner control methods
4.3.1 On-off control (single-stage burner)
4.3.2 Multi-stage control (two- and multi-stage burner)
4.3.3 Modulating control (modulating burner)
4.4 Means of ignition
4.4.1 Automatic electric ignition
4.4.1.1 General
4.4.1.2 Ignition by controlled spark
4.4.1.3 Ignition by non-controlled spark
4.4.2 Automatic ignition with liquid or gaseous fuels
4.4.2.1 General
4.4.2.2 Ignition by controlled ignition burner
4.4.2.3 Ignition by non-controlled ignition burner
5 Constructional and operational requirement
5.1 Construction and operation
5.1.1 General design
5.1.1.1 Materials
5.1.1.2 Design
5.1.1.3 Mounting
5.1.1.4 Accessibility for maintenance and use
5.1.2 Equipment
5.1.2.1 Motors, fans and pumps
5.1.2.2 Electrical safety
5.1.2.2.1 Electrical safety of devices
5.1.2.2.2 Electrical safety of the burner
5.1.2.2.2.1 General
5.1.2.2.2.2 Modifications, additions and replacements
5.1.2.3 Adjustable air damper
5.1.2.4 Installation of automatic burner control unit
5.1.2.5 Rubber hoses and hose assemblies
5.1.2.6 Connections
5.1.2.7 Safety shut-off devices and oil pressure switches
5.1.2.7.1 Safety shut-off devices
5.1.2.7.2 Burners with a flow rate less than or equal to 30 kg/h
5.1.2.7.3 Burners with a flow rate greater than 30 kg/h
5.1.2.8 Fuel preheating
5.1.2.8.1 General
5.1.2.8.2 Heat sources
5.1.2.8.3 Preheating temperature
5.1.2.8.4 Control of preheating temperature
5.1.2.8.5 Pressurized preheaters
5.1.2.9 Ignition device
5.1.2.10 Flame detector device
5.1.2.10.1 General
5.1.2.10.2 Flame detector device with sensor for the visible range of light
5.1.2.10.3 System requirements
5.1.2.11 Airproving device
5.1.2.12 Fuel/air ratio control device
5.1.2.13 Automatic burner control unit
5.1.2.14 Pressure test points
5.1.2.15 Interfacing with oil appliances
5.1.3 Operating requirements
5.1.3.1 Shut-down
5.1.3.2 Protection of the oil and air supply
5.1.4 Operation with dual fuel supply or simultaneous supply
5.2 Safety devices
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Ignition safety times for start-up
5.2.3 Non-volatile lock-out, recycling and ignition restoration of the oil burner
5.2.4 Pre-purging of the combustion chamber
5.2.4.1 For nominal fuel mass flow rates less than 30 kg/h
5.2.4.2 For nominal fuel mass flow rates greater than 30 kg/h
5.2.5 Ensuring adequate oil preheating
5.3 Spurious light signals
5.4 Combustion
5.5 Combustion product quality
5.5.1 General
5.5.2 Smoke number
5.5.3 Unburnt hydrocarbons
5.5.4 Emission classes for burners
5.6 Combustion quality of the combustion products for other liquid fuels
5.7 Excess air ratio
5.8 Operational requirements
5.8.1 External soundness of fuel-carrying parts
5.8.2 Resistance of the burner to overheating
5.8.3 Temperatures of the control and safety devices
5.8.4 Ignition, operation and flame stability
5.8.5 Heat input range of the burner
5.8.6 Dual-fuel burner
5.8.7 Working and test diagrams
5.8.7.1 Working diagram
5.8.7.2 Test diagram
5.8.8 Determination of flame stability and the safe range of operation
6 Test methods
6.1 General
6.2 Ambient test conditions
6.3 Combustion test chamber
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Test rig for a heat input of less than or equal to 2,4 MW
6.3.3 Test rig for a heat input greater than 2,4 MW
6.3.4 Heat-transfer medium
6.3.5 Evacuation of the combustion products
6.3.5.1 Electrical supply
6.3.5.2 Installation
6.4 Measuring equipment
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Determination of CO2 or O2 as well as NOx, CO and CxHy content of the combustion gases
6.4.3 Determination of the smoke number
6.5 Measuring accuracies
6.5.1 Measuring instrument accuracies
6.5.2 Measurement uncertainties
6.6 Test conditions
6.6.1 Fuel to be used
6.6.2 Testing
6.7 Test programme
6.7.1 General
6.7.2 Tests to be carried out
6.7.2.1 Setting and duration
6.7.2.2 Tests in accordance with the test diagrams
6.7.2.2.1 General
6.7.2.2.2 Tests at test point Hp1
6.7.2.2.3 Tests at test point Hp2
6.7.2.2.4 Tests at test point Hp3
6.7.2.2.5 Tests at test point 4
6.7.2.2.6 Tests at test point 5
6.7.2.2.7 Tests at test point HP6
6.7.2.2.8 Summary
6.7.2.3 Functional test
6.7.3 Result of the completed tests, test report
6.7.4 Electrical voltage conditions
6.7.5 Starting test
6.7.6 Testing during continuous operation in the case of two-stage, multi-stage or modulating burners
6.7.7 Burners with separate fan
6.8 Replacement of individual parts and equivalent components
6.9 Electrical safety
7 Conformity evaluation
8 Marking, labelling and packaging
8.1 General
8.2 Data plate
8.3 Other markings
8.4 Instructions for application, installation, commissioning, adjustment, maintenance and operation
8.4.1 Application, installation, commissioning and adjustment
8.4.2 Operation and maintenance
8.5 Marking on the packaging