ISO 13320:2020
Particle size analysis — Laser diffraction methods
This document provides guidance on instrument qualification and size distribution measurement of particles in many two-phase systems (e.g. powders, sprays, aerosols, suspensions, emulsions and gas bubbles in liquids) through the analysis of their light-scattering properties. It does not address the specific requirements of particle size measurement of specific materials.
This document is applicable to particle sizes ranging from approximately 0,1 µm to 3 mm. With special instrumentation and conditions, the applicable size range can be extended above 3 mm and below 0,1 µm.
For spherical and non-spherical particles, a size distribution is reported, where the predicted scattering pattern for the volumetric sum of spherical particles matches the measured scattering pattern. This is because the technique assumes a spherical particle shape in its optical model. For non-spherical particles the resulting particle size distribution is different from that obtained by methods based on other physical principles (e.g. sedimentation, sieving).
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols
4 Principle
4.1 General
4.2 Theory
4.3 Typical instrument and optical arrangement
4.4 Measurement zone
4.5 Application and sample presentation
4.6 Off-line measurements
4.7 In-line measurements
4.8 Online measurements
4.9 At-line measurements
4.10 Scattering and detectors
5 Operational requirements and procedures
5.1 Instrument location
5.2 Dispersion gases
5.3 Dispersion liquids
5.4 Sample inspection, preparation, dispersion and concentration
5.4.1 Sample inspection
5.4.2 Preparation
5.4.3 Dispersion
5.4.4 Concentration
5.5 Measurement
5.5.1 Setting up instrument and blank measurement
5.5.2 Sample preparation
5.5.3 Data collection of the scattering pattern
5.5.4 Selection of an appropriate optical model
5.5.5 Conversion of scattering pattern into PSD
5.5.6 Robustness
5.6 Resolution and sensitivity
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Resolution
5.6.3 Sensitivity and result variability
6 Accuracy repeatability and instrument qualification
6.1 General
6.2 Accuracy
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Accuracy test
6.3 Instrument repeatability
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Repeatability test
6.4 Method repeatability
6.4.1 Introduction
6.4.2 Method repeatability test
6.5 Accuracy under intermediate precision conditions
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Intermediate precision conditions (general test)
7 Reporting of results
7.1 General
7.2 Sample
7.3 Dispersion
7.4 Laser diffraction measurement
7.5 Analyst identification:
Annex A (informative) Theoretical background of laser diffraction
Annex B (informative) Advice on dispersion liquids
Annex C (informative) Dispersion methods — Recommendations
Annex D (informative) Instrument preparation — Recommendations
Annex E (informative) Error sources and diagnosis
Annex F (informative) Refractive index — Recommendations
Annex G (informative) Laser diffraction robustness and ruggedness
Annex H (normative) Certified reference materials, reference materials and comparison parameters
Bibliography
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Related Information
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BS 1796-1:1989
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols
4 Principle
4.1 General
4.2 Theory
4.3 Typical instrument and optical arrangement
4.4 Measurement zone
4.5 Application and sample presentation
4.6 Off-line measurements
4.7 In-line measurements
4.8 Online measurements
4.9 At-line measurements
4.10 Scattering and detectors
5 Operational requirements and procedures
5.1 Instrument location
5.2 Dispersion gases
5.3 Dispersion liquids
5.4 Sample inspection, preparation, dispersion and concentration
5.4.1 Sample inspection
5.4.2 Preparation
5.4.3 Dispersion
5.4.4 Concentration
5.5 Measurement
5.5.1 Setting up instrument and blank measurement
5.5.2 Sample preparation
5.5.3 Data collection of the scattering pattern
5.5.4 Selection of an appropriate optical model
5.5.5 Conversion of scattering pattern into PSD
5.5.6 Robustness
5.6 Resolution and sensitivity
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Resolution
5.6.3 Sensitivity and result variability
6 Accuracy repeatability and instrument qualification
6.1 General
6.2 Accuracy
6.2.1 Introduction
6.2.2 Accuracy test
6.3 Instrument repeatability
6.3.1 Introduction
6.3.2 Repeatability test
6.4 Method repeatability
6.4.1 Introduction
6.4.2 Method repeatability test
6.5 Accuracy under intermediate precision conditions
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Intermediate precision conditions (general test)
7 Reporting of results
7.1 General
7.2 Sample
7.3 Dispersion
7.4 Laser diffraction measurement
7.5 Analyst identification:
Annex A (informative) Theoretical background of laser diffraction
Annex B (informative) Advice on dispersion liquids
Annex C (informative) Dispersion methods — Recommendations
Annex D (informative) Instrument preparation — Recommendations
Annex E (informative) Error sources and diagnosis
Annex F (informative) Refractive index — Recommendations
Annex G (informative) Laser diffraction robustness and ruggedness
Annex H (normative) Certified reference materials, reference materials and comparison parameters
Bibliography