ISO 12241:2022
Thermal insulation for building equipment and industrial installations — Calculation rules
This document gives rules for the calculation of heat-transfer-related properties of building equipment and industrial installations, predominantly under steady-state conditions. This document also gives a simplified approach for the calculation of thermal bridges.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols
3.3 Subscripts
4 Calculation rules and formulae of heat transfer
4.1 Fundamental formulae for heat transfer
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Thermal conduction
4.1.3 Surface coefficient of heat transfer
4.1.4 External surface resistance
4.1.5 Thermal transmittance
4.1.6 Heat flow rate
4.1.7 Temperatures of the layer boundaries
4.2 Determination of the influence of thermal bridges
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Insulation system related thermal bridges
4.2.3 Installation related thermal bridges
4.3 Determination of total heat flow rate for plane walls, pipes and spheres
4.4 Surface temperature
4.5 Prevention of surface condensation
5 Calculation of the temperature change in pipes, vessels, and containers
5.1 General
5.2 Longitudinal temperature change in a pipe
5.3 Temperature change and cooling times in pipes, vessels, and containers
6 Calculation of cooling and freezing times of stationary liquids
6.1 Calculation of the cooling time to prevent the freezing of water in a pipe
6.2 Calculation of the freezing time of water in a pipe
7 Calculation of heat loss for underground pipelines
7.1 General
7.2 Single line without channels
7.2.1 Uninsulated pipe
7.2.2 Insulated pipe
7.3 Other cases
Annex A (informative) Thermal bridges
Annex B (informative) Examples
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols
3.3 Subscripts
4 Calculation rules and formulae of heat transfer
4.1 Fundamental formulae for heat transfer
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Thermal conduction
4.1.3 Surface coefficient of heat transfer
4.1.4 External surface resistance
4.1.5 Thermal transmittance
4.1.6 Heat flow rate
4.1.7 Temperatures of the layer boundaries
4.2 Determination of the influence of thermal bridges
4.2.1 General
4.2.2 Insulation system related thermal bridges
4.2.3 Installation related thermal bridges
4.3 Determination of total heat flow rate for plane walls, pipes and spheres
4.4 Surface temperature
4.5 Prevention of surface condensation
5 Calculation of the temperature change in pipes, vessels, and containers
5.1 General
5.2 Longitudinal temperature change in a pipe
5.3 Temperature change and cooling times in pipes, vessels, and containers
6 Calculation of cooling and freezing times of stationary liquids
6.1 Calculation of the cooling time to prevent the freezing of water in a pipe
6.2 Calculation of the freezing time of water in a pipe
7 Calculation of heat loss for underground pipelines
7.1 General
7.2 Single line without channels
7.2.1 Uninsulated pipe
7.2.2 Insulated pipe
7.3 Other cases
Annex A (informative) Thermal bridges
Annex B (informative) Examples
Bibliography