ISO 10715:2022
Natural gas — Gas sampling
This document gives means for ensuring that samples of natural gas and natural gas substitutes that are conveyed into transmission and distribution grids are representative of the mass to which they are allocated.
NOTE To ensure that a particular gas is taken into account in the standard, please see Annex A.
This document is applicable for sampling at sites and locations where interchangeability criteria, energy content and network entry conditions are measured and monitored and is particularly relevant at cross border and fiscal measurement stations. It serves as an important source for control applications in natural gas processing and the measurement of trace components.
This document is applicable to natural dry gas (single phase - typically gas transiting through natural gas pipelines) sampling only. On occasion a natural gas flow can have entrained liquid hydrocarbons. Attempting to sample a wet natural gas flow introduces the possibility of extra unspecified uncertainties in the resulting flow composition analysis. Sampling a wet gas (two or three phases) flow is outside the scope of this document.
This document does not apply to the safety issues associated with gas sampling.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety considerations
5 Principles of sampling
6 The concept of representative sample
7 Types of sampling
7.1 Sampling method considerations
7.2 Spot sampling
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Fill-and-empty method
7.2.3 Controlled-rate method
7.2.4 Evacuated-cylinder method
7.2.5 Helium pre-fill method
7.2.6 Floating-piston cylinder method
7.2.7 Single cavity sample cylinder
7.2.8 Sampling frequency
7.3 Incremental sampling (continuous or composite)
7.3.1 General considerations
7.3.2 Intervals
7.3.3 System considerations
7.3.4 Monitoring the filling process
7.3.5 Cylinder tracking
7.3.6 Overpressure protection
7.4 Online or direct sampling
7.4.1 General considerations
7.4.2 Automatic drainage
7.4.3 Reducing the pressure
7.4.4 Inert-gas purging
7.4.5 Safety/pressure relief valve
7.4.6 Heating of sample line
8 Sampling location
8.1 General
8.2 Sampling place
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Relevant gas
8.2.3 Undisturbed gas
8.2.4 Access
8.3 Sampling position
8.4 Sampling point
9 Ideal implementation of gas sampling
9.1 General
9.2 Gas sorption
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Surface treatment
9.2.3 Sorption considerations regarding sampling equipment
9.2.4 Equilibrating of sampling equipment
9.3 Materials used in sampling
9.3.1 General considerations
9.3.2 Steel grades
9.3.3 Epoxy coatings
9.3.4 Other polymers
9.3.5 Rubbers
9.3.6 Bimetallic corrosion
9.4 Sample contamination
9.4.1 Cleanliness
9.4.2 Cleaning sampling systems
9.4.3 Pre-charging of sample cylinders
9.5 Sample condensation
9.5.1 Temperature
9.5.2 Pressure reduction and Joule Thomson cooling
9.5.3 Condensation and revaporization
9.6 Disturbance of the flow through the sampling system
9.7 Delay time
9.7.1 Direct sampling method
9.7.2 Indirect sampling method
10 Sampling equipment
10.1 General
10.2 Probes
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Straight-tube probe
10.2.3 Probe regulator
10.2.4 Pitot probe
10.3 Tubings
10.3.1 Sampling and sample lines
10.3.2 Bypass constructions
10.4 Filters, membranes and separators
10.5 Valves and safety valves
10.6 Fittings
10.7 Flow monitoring and control
10.8 Pressure reducers
10.9 Pressure sensor/manometers
10.10 Heating devices
10.11 Seals and lubricants
10.12 Sample containers or cylinders
10.12.1 General
10.12.2 Standard or single cavity cylinder
10.12.3 Floating-piston cylinders or Constant Pressure cylinders
10.13 Concentration devices
10.14 Number and sequence of equipment
11 Verification of the system
12 Troubleshooting
Annex A (informative) Purposes of sampling, panel of compounds and information in the sampling report
Annex B (informative) Procedures for sampling
Annex C (informative) Gas sorption effect: adsorption/desorption
Annex D (informative) Cleaning of steel sampling cylinders
Annex E (informative) Joule-Thomson cooling and phase behaviour
Annex F (informative) Vortex shedding and associated problems
Annex G (informative) Guidelines for the calculation of the residence time
Annex H (informative) Protocol for gas sampling system verification
Annex I (informative) Number of samples
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Safety considerations
5 Principles of sampling
6 The concept of representative sample
7 Types of sampling
7.1 Sampling method considerations
7.2 Spot sampling
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Fill-and-empty method
7.2.3 Controlled-rate method
7.2.4 Evacuated-cylinder method
7.2.5 Helium pre-fill method
7.2.6 Floating-piston cylinder method
7.2.7 Single cavity sample cylinder
7.2.8 Sampling frequency
7.3 Incremental sampling (continuous or composite)
7.3.1 General considerations
7.3.2 Intervals
7.3.3 System considerations
7.3.4 Monitoring the filling process
7.3.5 Cylinder tracking
7.3.6 Overpressure protection
7.4 Online or direct sampling
7.4.1 General considerations
7.4.2 Automatic drainage
7.4.3 Reducing the pressure
7.4.4 Inert-gas purging
7.4.5 Safety/pressure relief valve
7.4.6 Heating of sample line
8 Sampling location
8.1 General
8.2 Sampling place
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Relevant gas
8.2.3 Undisturbed gas
8.2.4 Access
8.3 Sampling position
8.4 Sampling point
9 Ideal implementation of gas sampling
9.1 General
9.2 Gas sorption
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Surface treatment
9.2.3 Sorption considerations regarding sampling equipment
9.2.4 Equilibrating of sampling equipment
9.3 Materials used in sampling
9.3.1 General considerations
9.3.2 Steel grades
9.3.3 Epoxy coatings
9.3.4 Other polymers
9.3.5 Rubbers
9.3.6 Bimetallic corrosion
9.4 Sample contamination
9.4.1 Cleanliness
9.4.2 Cleaning sampling systems
9.4.3 Pre-charging of sample cylinders
9.5 Sample condensation
9.5.1 Temperature
9.5.2 Pressure reduction and Joule Thomson cooling
9.5.3 Condensation and revaporization
9.6 Disturbance of the flow through the sampling system
9.7 Delay time
9.7.1 Direct sampling method
9.7.2 Indirect sampling method
10 Sampling equipment
10.1 General
10.2 Probes
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Straight-tube probe
10.2.3 Probe regulator
10.2.4 Pitot probe
10.3 Tubings
10.3.1 Sampling and sample lines
10.3.2 Bypass constructions
10.4 Filters, membranes and separators
10.5 Valves and safety valves
10.6 Fittings
10.7 Flow monitoring and control
10.8 Pressure reducers
10.9 Pressure sensor/manometers
10.10 Heating devices
10.11 Seals and lubricants
10.12 Sample containers or cylinders
10.12.1 General
10.12.2 Standard or single cavity cylinder
10.12.3 Floating-piston cylinders or Constant Pressure cylinders
10.13 Concentration devices
10.14 Number and sequence of equipment
11 Verification of the system
12 Troubleshooting
Annex A (informative) Purposes of sampling, panel of compounds and information in the sampling report
Annex B (informative) Procedures for sampling
Annex C (informative) Gas sorption effect: adsorption/desorption
Annex D (informative) Cleaning of steel sampling cylinders
Annex E (informative) Joule-Thomson cooling and phase behaviour
Annex F (informative) Vortex shedding and associated problems
Annex G (informative) Guidelines for the calculation of the residence time
Annex H (informative) Protocol for gas sampling system verification
Annex I (informative) Number of samples
Bibliography