ISO 5659-2:2012
Plastics — Smoke generation — Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test
ISO 5659-2:2012 specifies a method of measuring smoke production from the exposed surface of specimens of materials, composites or assemblies. It is applicable to specimens that have an essentially flat surface and do not exceed 25 mm in thickness when placed in a horizontal orientation and subjected to specified levels of thermal irradiance in a closed cabinet with or without the application of a pilot flame. This method of test is applicable to all plastics and may also be used for the evaluation of other materials (e.g. rubbers, textile-coverings, painted surfaces, wood and other materials).
It is intended that the values of optical density determined by this test be taken as specific to the specimen or assembly material in the form and thickness tested, and are not to be considered inherent, fundamental properties.
The test is intended primarily for use in research and development and fire safety engineering in buildings, trains, ships, etc. and not as a basis for ratings for building codes or other purposes. No basis is provided for predicting the density of smoke that might be generated by the materials upon exposure to heat and flame under other (actual) exposure conditions. This test procedure excludes the effect of irritants on the eye.
It is emphasized that smoke production from a material varies according to the irradiance level to which the specimen is exposed. The results yielded from the method specified in this standard are based on exposure to the specific irradiance levels of 25 kW/m2 and 50 kW/m2.
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Figure fig_8
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Table tab_i
Figure fig_C.1
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Figure fig_C.2
Table tab_k
Figure fig_C.3
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Table tab_D.3
Table tab_m
Figure fig_E.1
Table tab_n
Figure fig_E.2
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principles of the test
5 Suitability of a material for testing
5.1 Material geometry
5.2 Physical characteristics
6 Specimen construction and preparation
6.1 Number of specimens
6.2 Size of specimens
6.3 Specimen preparation
6.4 Wrapping of specimens
6.5 Conditioning
7 Apparatus and ancillary equipment
7.1 General
7.2 Test chamber
7.3 Specimen support and heating arrangements
7.4 Gas supply
7.5 Photometric system
7.6 Chamber leakage
7.7 Cleaning materials
7.8 Ancillary equipment
8 Test environment
9 Setting-up and calibration procedures
9.1 General
9.2 Alignment of photometric system
9.3 Selection of compensating filter(s)
9.4 Linearity check
9.5 Calibration of range-extension filter
9.6 Chamber leakage rate test
9.7 Burner calibration
9.8 Radiator cone calibration
9.9 Cleaning
9.10 Frequency of checking and calibrating procedure
10 Test procedure
10.1 General
10.2 Preparation of test chamber
10.3 Tests with pilot flame
10.4 Preparation of the photometric system
10.5 Loading the specimen
10.6 Recording of light transmission
10.7 Observations
10.8 Termination of test
10.9 Testing in different modes
11 Expression of results
11.1 Specific optical density Ds
11.2 Clear-beam correction factor Dc
12 Precision
13 Test report
Annex A (normative) Calibration of heat flux meter
Annex B (informative) Variability in the specific optical density of smoke measured in the single-chamber test
Annex C (informative) Determination of mass optical density
Annex D (informative) Precision data from tests on intumescent materials
Annex E (informative) Guidance on optical density testing
Bibliography
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Table tab_a
Figure fig_1
Table tab_b
Figure fig_2
Table tab_c
Figure fig_3
Table tab_d
Figure fig_4
Table tab_e
Figure fig_5
Table tab_f
Figure fig_6
Figure fig_7
Table tab_g
Figure fig_8
Table tab_1
Table tab_B.1
Table tab_B.2
Table tab_i
Figure fig_C.1
Table tab_j
Figure fig_C.2
Table tab_k
Figure fig_C.3
Table tab_D.1
Table tab_D.2
Table tab_D.3
Table tab_m
Figure fig_E.1
Table tab_n
Figure fig_E.2
Reference ref_1
Reference ref_2
Reference ref_3
Reference ref_4
Reference ref_5
Reference ref_6
Reference ref_7
Reference ref_8
Reference ref_9
Reference ref_10
Reference ref_11
Reference ref_12
Reference ref_13
Reference ref_14
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principles of the test
5 Suitability of a material for testing
5.1 Material geometry
5.2 Physical characteristics
6 Specimen construction and preparation
6.1 Number of specimens
6.2 Size of specimens
6.3 Specimen preparation
6.4 Wrapping of specimens
6.5 Conditioning
7 Apparatus and ancillary equipment
7.1 General
7.2 Test chamber
7.3 Specimen support and heating arrangements
7.4 Gas supply
7.5 Photometric system
7.6 Chamber leakage
7.7 Cleaning materials
7.8 Ancillary equipment
8 Test environment
9 Setting-up and calibration procedures
9.1 General
9.2 Alignment of photometric system
9.3 Selection of compensating filter(s)
9.4 Linearity check
9.5 Calibration of range-extension filter
9.6 Chamber leakage rate test
9.7 Burner calibration
9.8 Radiator cone calibration
9.9 Cleaning
9.10 Frequency of checking and calibrating procedure
10 Test procedure
10.1 General
10.2 Preparation of test chamber
10.3 Tests with pilot flame
10.4 Preparation of the photometric system
10.5 Loading the specimen
10.6 Recording of light transmission
10.7 Observations
10.8 Termination of test
10.9 Testing in different modes
11 Expression of results
11.1 Specific optical density Ds
11.2 Clear-beam correction factor Dc
12 Precision
13 Test report
Annex A (normative) Calibration of heat flux meter
Annex B (informative) Variability in the specific optical density of smoke measured in the single-chamber test
Annex C (informative) Determination of mass optical density
Annex D (informative) Precision data from tests on intumescent materials
Annex E (informative) Guidance on optical density testing
Bibliography