ISO 19881:2018
Gaseous hydrogen — Land vehicle fuel containers
This document contains requirements for the material, design, manufacture, marking and testing of serially produced, refillable containers intended only for the storage of compressed hydrogen gas for land vehicle operation. These containers
a) are permanently attached to the vehicle,
b) have a capacity of up to 1 000 l water capacity, and
c) have a nominal working pressure that does not exceed 70 MPa.
The scope of this document is limited to fuel containers containing fuel cell grade hydrogen according to ISO 14687 for fuel cell land vehicles and Grade A or better hydrogen as per ISO 14687 for internal combustion engine land vehicles. This document also contains requirements for hydrogen fuel containers acceptable for use on-board light duty vehicles, heavy duty vehicles and industrial powered trucks such as forklifts and other material handling vehicles.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Service conditions
4.1 General
4.1.1 Standard service conditions
4.1.2 Category
4.1.3 Service life
4.1.4 Periodic in-service inspections
4.2 Pressures
4.2.1 Nominal working pressures
4.2.2 Maximum pressures
4.3 Maximum number of filling cycles
4.4 Temperature range
4.4.1 Settled gas temperatures
4.4.2 Container temperatures
4.4.3 Transient gas temperatures
4.4.4 Test temperatures
4.5 Gas composition
4.6 External surfaces
4.7 Installation requirements
5 Compliance
6 Material qualification tests and requirements
6.1 General
6.2 Material requirements
6.3 Metal containers and metal liners
6.3.1 Material properties
6.3.2 Impact test for steel
6.3.3 Tensile tests for metals
6.3.4 Sustained load cracking (SLC) test for aluminum alloys
6.3.5 Corrosion tests for aluminum alloys
6.4 Ultraviolet resistance of external coatings
6.5 Fibers
6.6 Resins
6.7 Nonmetallic liners (Type 4)
6.8 Bosses for Type 4 containers
7 Wall thickness
7.1 Type 1 containers
7.2 Liners for Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4 containers
7.3 Composite reinforcement for Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4 containers
7.3.1 Stress analysis
7.3.2 Stress ratios
7.3.3 Modified stress ratio test
7.3.4 Hybrid designs
7.4 External loads on containers
8 Threaded openings
9 Manufacture
9.1 General
9.2 Metal containers and metal liners
9.3 Nonmetallic liners
9.4 Composite containers with metallic liners
9.5 Composite containers with nonmetallic liners
9.6 Brazing
9.7 Welding
9.8 End closing by forming
9.9 Mounting and protection
9.10 Batch definitions
9.11 Design qualification tests
10 Production tests and examinations
10.1 General
10.2 Hydrostatic test
10.3 Leak test
11 Batch tests
11.1 General
11.2 Batch material tests
11.3 Coated containers
11.4 Burst test
11.4.1 Batch burst test
11.4.2 Periodic burst test
11.5 Cycle test
11.5.1 Batch cycle test
11.5.2 Periodic pressure cycling test
12 Rejected containers and liners
12.1 Physical test
12.2 Leak test
12.3 Hydrostatic test
12.4 Cycle test
12.5 Burst test
13 Pressure relief devices
14 Records of manufacture
15 Marking and dispatch
15.1 Markings
15.1.1 General
15.1.2 Marking information
15.2 Dispatch inspection
16 Quality assurance
17 Design qualification tests
17.1 General
17.2 Test requirements
17.3 Category A, B and C: design qualification tests
17.3.1 Test requirements
17.3.2 Ambient cycling test
17.3.3 Environmental test
17.3.4 Extreme temperature cycling test
17.3.5 Hydrostatic burst test
17.3.6 Flaw tolerance test
17.3.7 Drop test
17.3.8 Fire test
17.3.9 Accelerated stress rupture test
17.3.10 High strain rate impact test
17.3.11 Permeation test
17.3.12 Boss torque test
17.3.13 Hydrogen gas cycling test
17.3.14 Leak before break test
17.4 Change of design
17.5 Category B: design qualification tests
17.5.1 General test requirements
17.5.2 Ambient cycling test
17.5.3 Hydrostatic burst test
17.5.4 Container test for performance durability
17.5.5 Container test for expected on-road performance
17.6 Category C: design qualification conditions and limitations
17.6.1 Marking information
17.6.2 Material tests for steel containers and liners
17.6.3 Material tests for aluminum alloy containers and liners
17.7 Qualification test results
Annex A (informative) Visual inspection
Annex B (informative) Non-destructive examination
Annex C (informative) Records of manufacture
Annex D (informative) Design qualification test rationale
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Service conditions
4.1 General
4.1.1 Standard service conditions
4.1.2 Category
4.1.3 Service life
4.1.4 Periodic in-service inspections
4.2 Pressures
4.2.1 Nominal working pressures
4.2.2 Maximum pressures
4.3 Maximum number of filling cycles
4.4 Temperature range
4.4.1 Settled gas temperatures
4.4.2 Container temperatures
4.4.3 Transient gas temperatures
4.4.4 Test temperatures
4.5 Gas composition
4.6 External surfaces
4.7 Installation requirements
5 Compliance
6 Material qualification tests and requirements
6.1 General
6.2 Material requirements
6.3 Metal containers and metal liners
6.3.1 Material properties
6.3.2 Impact test for steel
6.3.3 Tensile tests for metals
6.3.4 Sustained load cracking (SLC) test for aluminum alloys
6.3.5 Corrosion tests for aluminum alloys
6.4 Ultraviolet resistance of external coatings
6.5 Fibers
6.6 Resins
6.7 Nonmetallic liners (Type 4)
6.8 Bosses for Type 4 containers
7 Wall thickness
7.1 Type 1 containers
7.2 Liners for Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4 containers
7.3 Composite reinforcement for Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4 containers
7.3.1 Stress analysis
7.3.2 Stress ratios
7.3.3 Modified stress ratio test
7.3.4 Hybrid designs
7.4 External loads on containers
8 Threaded openings
9 Manufacture
9.1 General
9.2 Metal containers and metal liners
9.3 Nonmetallic liners
9.4 Composite containers with metallic liners
9.5 Composite containers with nonmetallic liners
9.6 Brazing
9.7 Welding
9.8 End closing by forming
9.9 Mounting and protection
9.10 Batch definitions
9.11 Design qualification tests
10 Production tests and examinations
10.1 General
10.2 Hydrostatic test
10.3 Leak test
11 Batch tests
11.1 General
11.2 Batch material tests
11.3 Coated containers
11.4 Burst test
11.4.1 Batch burst test
11.4.2 Periodic burst test
11.5 Cycle test
11.5.1 Batch cycle test
11.5.2 Periodic pressure cycling test
12 Rejected containers and liners
12.1 Physical test
12.2 Leak test
12.3 Hydrostatic test
12.4 Cycle test
12.5 Burst test
13 Pressure relief devices
14 Records of manufacture
15 Marking and dispatch
15.1 Markings
15.1.1 General
15.1.2 Marking information
15.2 Dispatch inspection
16 Quality assurance
17 Design qualification tests
17.1 General
17.2 Test requirements
17.3 Category A, B and C: design qualification tests
17.3.1 Test requirements
17.3.2 Ambient cycling test
17.3.3 Environmental test
17.3.4 Extreme temperature cycling test
17.3.5 Hydrostatic burst test
17.3.6 Flaw tolerance test
17.3.7 Drop test
17.3.8 Fire test
17.3.9 Accelerated stress rupture test
17.3.10 High strain rate impact test
17.3.11 Permeation test
17.3.12 Boss torque test
17.3.13 Hydrogen gas cycling test
17.3.14 Leak before break test
17.4 Change of design
17.5 Category B: design qualification tests
17.5.1 General test requirements
17.5.2 Ambient cycling test
17.5.3 Hydrostatic burst test
17.5.4 Container test for performance durability
17.5.5 Container test for expected on-road performance
17.6 Category C: design qualification conditions and limitations
17.6.1 Marking information
17.6.2 Material tests for steel containers and liners
17.6.3 Material tests for aluminum alloy containers and liners
17.7 Qualification test results
Annex A (informative) Visual inspection
Annex B (informative) Non-destructive examination
Annex C (informative) Records of manufacture
Annex D (informative) Design qualification test rationale
Bibliography