ISO 19148:2012
Geographic information — Linear referencing
ISO 19148:2012 specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support linear referencing.
ISO 19148:2012 is applicable to transportation, utilities, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects.
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1 Scope
2 Conformance
2.1 Conformance overview
2.2 Conformance classes
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Data type conformance
2.2.3 Operation conformance
3 Normative references
4 Terms and definitions
5 Abbreviated terms
6 Linear referencing
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Linear referencing concepts
6.1.1.1 General
6.1.1.2 Linear element
6.1.1.3 Linear Referencing Method
6.1.1.4 Distance Expression
6.1.1.4.1 Distance Along
6.1.1.4.2 Referents
6.1.1.4.3 Offsets
6.1.1.5 Linearly located events
6.1.1.5.1 Feature and attribute events
6.1.1.5.2 Event location
6.1.1.5.3 Event time
6.1.1.6 Linear segmentation
6.1.2 Linear referencing packages
6.2 Package: Linear Referencing System
6.2.1 Semantics
6.2.2 LR_PositionExpression
6.2.2.1 Semantics
6.2.2.2 Role: linearElement : LR_LinearElement
6.2.2.3 Role: LRM : LR_LinearReferencingMethod
6.2.2.4 Role: distanceExpression : LR_DistanceExpression
6.2.3 LR_LinearElement
6.2.3.1 Semantics
6.2.3.2 Attribute: linearElement : LR_LinearElementType
6.2.4 LR_LinearElementType
6.2.4.1 Semantics
6.2.5 LR_Feature
6.2.5.1 Semantics
6.2.5.2 Role: referent[0..*] : LR_Referent
6.2.6 LR_Curve
6.2.7 LR_DirectedEdge
6.2.8 LR_ILinearElement
6.2.8.1 Semantics
6.2.8.2 Operation: defaultLRM
6.2.8.3 Operation: measure
6.2.8.4 Operation: translateToInstance
6.2.8.5 Operation: translateToType
6.2.8.6 Operation: startValue
6.2.9 LR_ISpatial
6.2.9.1 Semantics
6.2.9.2 Operation: point
6.2.9.3 Operation: lrPosition
6.2.10 LR_LinearReferencingMethod
6.2.10.1 Semantics
6.2.10.2 Attribute: name : CharacterString
6.2.10.3 Attribute: type : LR_LRMType
6.2.10.4 Attribute: units : UnitOfMeasure
6.2.10.5 Attribute: constraint[0..*] : CharacterString
6.2.11 LR_LRMType
6.2.12 LR_DistanceExpression
6.2.12.1 Semantics
6.2.12.2 Attribute: distanceAlong : Measure
6.2.12.3 Role: referent[0..1] : LR_AlongReferent
6.2.13 LR_AlongReferent
6.2.13.1 Semantics
6.2.13.2 Attribute: fromReferent : LR_Referent
6.2.14 LR_Referent
6.2.14.1 Semantics
6.2.14.2 Attribute: name : CharacterString
6.2.14.3 Attribute: type : LR_ReferentType
6.2.14.4 Attribute: position[0..1] : GM_Point
6.2.14.5 Attribute: location[0..1] : LR_PositionExpression
6.2.15 LR_ReferentType
6.2.15.1 Semantics
6.3 Package: Linear Referencing Towards Referent
6.3.1 Semantics
6.3.2 LRTR_LRMWithTowardsReferent
6.3.2.1 Semantics
6.3.2.2 Attribute: type : LR_LRMType
6.3.3 LRTR_DualAlongReferent
6.3.3.1 Semantics
6.3.3.2 Attribute: towardsReferent[0..1] : LR_Referent
6.4 Package: Linear Referencing Offset
6.4.1 Semantics
6.4.2 LRO_LRMWithOffset
6.4.2.1 Semantics
6.4.2.2 Attribute: offsetUnits : UnitOfMeasure
6.4.2.3 Attribute: positiveLateralOffsetDirection : LRO_LateralOffsetDirection = “right”
6.4.2.4 Attribute: positiveVerticalOffsetDirection : LRO_VerticalOffsetDirection = “up”
6.4.3 LRO_LateralOffsetDirection
6.4.4 LRO_VerticalOffsetDirection
6.4.5 LRO_LateralOffsetDistanceExpression
6.4.5.1 Semantics
6.4.5.2 Role: lateralOffsetExpression[0..1] : LRO_LateralOffsetExpression
6.4.5.3 Role: verticalOffsetExpression[0..1] : LRO_VerticalOffsetExpression
6.4.6 LRO_LateralOffsetExpression
6.4.6.1 Semantics
6.4.6.2 Attribute: offsetLateralDistance[0..1] : Measure
6.4.6.3 Attribute: lateralOffsetReferent[0..1] : LRO_LateralOffsetReferent
6.4.7 LRO_LateralOffsetReferent
6.4.8 LRO_VerticalOffsetExpression
6.4.8.1 Semantics
6.4.8.2 Attribute: offsetVerticalDistance[0..1] : Measure
6.4.8.3 Attribute: verticalOffsetReferent[0..1] : LRO_VerticalOffsetReferent
6.4.9 LRO_VerticalOffsetReferent
6.5 Package: Linear Referencing Offset Vector
6.5.1 Semantics
6.5.2 LROV_VectorOffsetDistanceExpression
6.5.2.1 Semantics
6.5.2.2 Role: vectorOffsetExpression[0..1] : LROV_VectorOffsetExpression
6.5.3 LROV_VectorOffsetExpression
6.5.3.1 Semantics
6.5.3.2 Attribute: offsetVector : Vector
6.5.3.3 Attribute: vectorCRS[0..1] : SC_CRS
6.6 Package: Linearly Located Event
6.6.1 Semantics
6.6.2 Linearly located event
6.6.2.1 Semantics
6.6.3 LE_Feature
6.6.3.1 Semantics
6.6.3.2 Role: featureOrAttributeEvent[0..*] : LE_Event
6.6.4 LE_Event
6.6.4.1 Semantics
6.6.4.2 Attribute: eventName : CharacterString
6.6.4.3 Attribute: value[0..1] : ANY
6.6.4.4 Attribute: location[1..*] : LE_EventLocation
6.6.4.5 Attribute: time[0..1] : LE_EventTime
6.6.4.6 Role: locatedFeature[0..1] : Feature
6.6.5 LE_EventLocation
6.6.6 LE_AtLocation
6.6.6.1 Semantics
6.6.6.2 Attribute: atPosition : LR_DistanceExpression
6.6.6.3 Attribute: overridingLRM[0..1] : LR_LinearReferencingMethod
6.6.7 LE_FromToLocation
6.6.7.1 Semantics
6.6.7.2 Attribute: fromPosition : LR_DistanceExpression
6.6.7.3 Attribute: toPosition : LR_DistanceExpression
6.6.7.4 Attribute: overridingLRM[0..1] : LR_LinearReferencingMethod
6.6.8 LE_EventTime
6.6.9 LE_EventInstant
6.6.9.1 Semantics
6.6.9.2 Attribute: atTime : TM_Instant
6.6.10 LE_EventPeriod
6.6.10.1 Semantics
6.6.10.2 Attribute: duration : TM_Period
6.7 Package: Linear Segmentation
6.7.1 Semantics
6.7.2 LS_SegmentableFeature
6.7.2.1 Semantics
6.7.2.2 Operation: segment
6.7.2.3 Role: resultantLinearSegmentSet[0..*] : LS_LinearSegmentSet
6.7.3 LS_LinearSegmentSet
6.7.3.1 Semantics
6.7.3.2 Attribute: eventName[1..*] : CharacterString
6.7.3.3 Operation: coalesce
6.7.3.4 Role: segmentedFeature : LS_SegmentableFeature
6.7.3.5 Role: linearSegment[1..*] : LS_LinearSegment
6.7.4 LS_LinearSegment
6.7.4.1 Semantics
6.7.4.2 Attribute: startFeatureLocation : LR_DistanceExpression
6.7.4.3 Attribute: endFeatureLocation : LR_DistanceExpression
6.7.4.4 Attribute: segmentingAttributeValue[1..*] : Record
6.7.4.5 Role: owningLinearSegmentSet : LS_LinearSegmentSet
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Geographic information – Conceptual schema language
1 Scope
2 Conformance
2.1 Conformance overview
2.2 Conformance classes
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Data type conformance
2.2.3 Operation conformance
3 Normative references
4 Terms and definitions
5 Abbreviated terms
6 Linear referencing
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Linear referencing concepts
6.1.1.1 General
6.1.1.2 Linear element
6.1.1.3 Linear Referencing Method
6.1.1.4 Distance Expression
6.1.1.4.1 Distance Along
6.1.1.4.2 Referents
6.1.1.4.3 Offsets
6.1.1.5 Linearly located events
6.1.1.5.1 Feature and attribute events
6.1.1.5.2 Event location
6.1.1.5.3 Event time
6.1.1.6 Linear segmentation
6.1.2 Linear referencing packages
6.2 Package: Linear Referencing System
6.2.1 Semantics
6.2.2 LR_PositionExpression
6.2.2.1 Semantics
6.2.2.2 Role: linearElement : LR_LinearElement
6.2.2.3 Role: LRM : LR_LinearReferencingMethod
6.2.2.4 Role: distanceExpression : LR_DistanceExpression
6.2.3 LR_LinearElement
6.2.3.1 Semantics
6.2.3.2 Attribute: linearElement : LR_LinearElementType
6.2.4 LR_LinearElementType
6.2.4.1 Semantics
6.2.5 LR_Feature
6.2.5.1 Semantics
6.2.5.2 Role: referent[0..*] : LR_Referent
6.2.6 LR_Curve
6.2.7 LR_DirectedEdge
6.2.8 LR_ILinearElement
6.2.8.1 Semantics
6.2.8.2 Operation: defaultLRM
6.2.8.3 Operation: measure
6.2.8.4 Operation: translateToInstance
6.2.8.5 Operation: translateToType
6.2.8.6 Operation: startValue
6.2.9 LR_ISpatial
6.2.9.1 Semantics
6.2.9.2 Operation: point
6.2.9.3 Operation: lrPosition
6.2.10 LR_LinearReferencingMethod
6.2.10.1 Semantics
6.2.10.2 Attribute: name : CharacterString
6.2.10.3 Attribute: type : LR_LRMType
6.2.10.4 Attribute: units : UnitOfMeasure
6.2.10.5 Attribute: constraint[0..*] : CharacterString
6.2.11 LR_LRMType
6.2.12 LR_DistanceExpression
6.2.12.1 Semantics
6.2.12.2 Attribute: distanceAlong : Measure
6.2.12.3 Role: referent[0..1] : LR_AlongReferent
6.2.13 LR_AlongReferent
6.2.13.1 Semantics
6.2.13.2 Attribute: fromReferent : LR_Referent
6.2.14 LR_Referent
6.2.14.1 Semantics
6.2.14.2 Attribute: name : CharacterString
6.2.14.3 Attribute: type : LR_ReferentType
6.2.14.4 Attribute: position[0..1] : GM_Point
6.2.14.5 Attribute: location[0..1] : LR_PositionExpression
6.2.15 LR_ReferentType
6.2.15.1 Semantics
6.3 Package: Linear Referencing Towards Referent
6.3.1 Semantics
6.3.2 LRTR_LRMWithTowardsReferent
6.3.2.1 Semantics
6.3.2.2 Attribute: type : LR_LRMType
6.3.3 LRTR_DualAlongReferent
6.3.3.1 Semantics
6.3.3.2 Attribute: towardsReferent[0..1] : LR_Referent
6.4 Package: Linear Referencing Offset
6.4.1 Semantics
6.4.2 LRO_LRMWithOffset
6.4.2.1 Semantics
6.4.2.2 Attribute: offsetUnits : UnitOfMeasure
6.4.2.3 Attribute: positiveLateralOffsetDirection : LRO_LateralOffsetDirection = “right”
6.4.2.4 Attribute: positiveVerticalOffsetDirection : LRO_VerticalOffsetDirection = “up”
6.4.3 LRO_LateralOffsetDirection
6.4.4 LRO_VerticalOffsetDirection
6.4.5 LRO_LateralOffsetDistanceExpression
6.4.5.1 Semantics
6.4.5.2 Role: lateralOffsetExpression[0..1] : LRO_LateralOffsetExpression
6.4.5.3 Role: verticalOffsetExpression[0..1] : LRO_VerticalOffsetExpression
6.4.6 LRO_LateralOffsetExpression
6.4.6.1 Semantics
6.4.6.2 Attribute: offsetLateralDistance[0..1] : Measure
6.4.6.3 Attribute: lateralOffsetReferent[0..1] : LRO_LateralOffsetReferent
6.4.7 LRO_LateralOffsetReferent
6.4.8 LRO_VerticalOffsetExpression
6.4.8.1 Semantics
6.4.8.2 Attribute: offsetVerticalDistance[0..1] : Measure
6.4.8.3 Attribute: verticalOffsetReferent[0..1] : LRO_VerticalOffsetReferent
6.4.9 LRO_VerticalOffsetReferent
6.5 Package: Linear Referencing Offset Vector
6.5.1 Semantics
6.5.2 LROV_VectorOffsetDistanceExpression
6.5.2.1 Semantics
6.5.2.2 Role: vectorOffsetExpression[0..1] : LROV_VectorOffsetExpression
6.5.3 LROV_VectorOffsetExpression
6.5.3.1 Semantics
6.5.3.2 Attribute: offsetVector : Vector
6.5.3.3 Attribute: vectorCRS[0..1] : SC_CRS
6.6 Package: Linearly Located Event
6.6.1 Semantics
6.6.2 Linearly located event
6.6.2.1 Semantics
6.6.3 LE_Feature
6.6.3.1 Semantics
6.6.3.2 Role: featureOrAttributeEvent[0..*] : LE_Event
6.6.4 LE_Event
6.6.4.1 Semantics
6.6.4.2 Attribute: eventName : CharacterString
6.6.4.3 Attribute: value[0..1] : ANY
6.6.4.4 Attribute: location[1..*] : LE_EventLocation
6.6.4.5 Attribute: time[0..1] : LE_EventTime
6.6.4.6 Role: locatedFeature[0..1] : Feature
6.6.5 LE_EventLocation
6.6.6 LE_AtLocation
6.6.6.1 Semantics
6.6.6.2 Attribute: atPosition : LR_DistanceExpression
6.6.6.3 Attribute: overridingLRM[0..1] : LR_LinearReferencingMethod
6.6.7 LE_FromToLocation
6.6.7.1 Semantics
6.6.7.2 Attribute: fromPosition : LR_DistanceExpression
6.6.7.3 Attribute: toPosition : LR_DistanceExpression
6.6.7.4 Attribute: overridingLRM[0..1] : LR_LinearReferencingMethod
6.6.8 LE_EventTime
6.6.9 LE_EventInstant
6.6.9.1 Semantics
6.6.9.2 Attribute: atTime : TM_Instant
6.6.10 LE_EventPeriod
6.6.10.1 Semantics
6.6.10.2 Attribute: duration : TM_Period
6.7 Package: Linear Segmentation
6.7.1 Semantics
6.7.2 LS_SegmentableFeature
6.7.2.1 Semantics
6.7.2.2 Operation: segment
6.7.2.3 Role: resultantLinearSegmentSet[0..*] : LS_LinearSegmentSet
6.7.3 LS_LinearSegmentSet
6.7.3.1 Semantics
6.7.3.2 Attribute: eventName[1..*] : CharacterString
6.7.3.3 Operation: coalesce
6.7.3.4 Role: segmentedFeature : LS_SegmentableFeature
6.7.3.5 Role: linearSegment[1..*] : LS_LinearSegment
6.7.4 LS_LinearSegment
6.7.4.1 Semantics
6.7.4.2 Attribute: startFeatureLocation : LR_DistanceExpression
6.7.4.3 Attribute: endFeatureLocation : LR_DistanceExpression
6.7.4.4 Attribute: segmentingAttributeValue[1..*] : Record
6.7.4.5 Role: owningLinearSegmentSet : LS_LinearSegmentSet