ISO 14284:2022
Steel and iron — Sampling and preparation of samples for the determination of chemical composition
This document specifies methods for sampling and sample preparation for the determination of the chemical composition of pig irons, cast irons and steels.
Methods are specified for both liquid and solid metal.
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Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements for sampling and sample preparation
4.1 General
4.2 Sample
4.2.1 Quality
4.2.2 Size
4.2.3 Identification
4.2.4 Sample conservation
4.2.5 Sample for arbitration
4.3 Sampling
4.3.1 Sample from a melt
4.3.2 Sample from a product
4.4 Preparation of a sample
4.4.1 Preliminary preparation of a sample
4.4.2 Test sample in the form of chips
4.4.3 Test sample in the form of fragments
4.4.4 Test sample in the form of a solid block
4.4.5 Preparation of a test sample by remelting
4.5 Safety precautions
4.5.1 Personal protection
4.5.2 Machinery
4.5.3 Hazardous materials
5 Liquid iron for steelmaking and pig-iron production
5.1 General
5.2 Spoon sampling
5.2.1 Methods
5.2.2 Maintenance of equipment
5.3 Probe sampling
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Methods
5.4 Preparation of a test sample
5.4.1 Preliminary preparation
5.4.2 Test sample for a chemical method
5.4.3 Test sample for a thermal method
5.4.4 Test sample for a physical method
6 Liquid iron for cast iron production
6.1 General
6.2 Spoon sampling
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Methods
6.2.3 Chilled sample
6.2.4 Non-chilled sample
6.2.5 Maintenance of equipment
6.3 Probe sampling
6.4 Preparation of a test sample
6.4.1 Preliminary preparation
6.4.2 Test sample for chemical methods
6.4.3 Test sample for thermal methods
6.4.4 Test sample for physical methods
6.5 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of oxygen and nitrogen
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Method
6.5.3 Preparation of the test portion
7 Liquid steel for steel production
7.1 General
7.2 Spoon sampling
7.2.1 Methods
7.2.2 Maintenance of equipment
7.3 Probe sampling
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Methods
7.4 Preparation of a test sample
7.4.1 Preliminary preparation
7.4.2 Test sample for chemical methods
7.4.3 Test sample for thermal methods
7.4.4 Test sample for physical methods
7.5 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of nitrogen and oxygen
7.5.1 Methods of sampling
7.5.2 Preparation of the test portion
7.6 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of hydrogen
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Methods of sampling
7.6.3 Preparation of the test portion
8 Pig-irons
8.1 General
8.2 Increment sampling
8.2.1 Number of increments
8.2.2 Methods
8.2.3 Consignment of mixed pig-irons
8.3 Preparation of a test sample
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Test sample for chemical methods
8.3.3 Test sample for thermal methods
8.3.4 Test sample for physical methods
9 Cast iron products
9.1 General
9.2 Sampling and sample preparation
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Test sample for chemical methods
9.2.3 Sample in the form of a solid block for analysis by thermal methods
9.2.4 Test sample for physical methods
10 Steel products
10.1 General
10.2 Selection of a laboratory sample or a test sample from a cast product
10.3 Selection of a laboratory sample or a test sample from a wrought product
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Sections
10.3.3 Plates or slabs
10.3.4 Light sections, bars, rods, sheets, strips and wires
10.3.5 Tubes and pipes
10.4 Preparation of a test sample
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Test sample in the form of chips
10.4.3 Test sample in the form of a solid block
10.5 Sampling of leaded steel
10.6 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of oxygen
10.6.1 General
10.6.2 Methods of sampling
10.6.3 Preparation of a test portion
10.7 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of hydrogen
10.7.1 General
10.7.2 Methods of sampling
10.7.3 Preparation of a test portion
Annex A (informative) Sampling probes for use with liquid iron and steel
Annex B (informative) Sampling probes for use with liquid steel for the determination of hydrogen
Bibliography
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Foreword
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Requirements for sampling and sample preparation
4.1 General
4.2 Sample
4.2.1 Quality
4.2.2 Size
4.2.3 Identification
4.2.4 Sample conservation
4.2.5 Sample for arbitration
4.3 Sampling
4.3.1 Sample from a melt
4.3.2 Sample from a product
4.4 Preparation of a sample
4.4.1 Preliminary preparation of a sample
4.4.2 Test sample in the form of chips
4.4.3 Test sample in the form of fragments
4.4.4 Test sample in the form of a solid block
4.4.5 Preparation of a test sample by remelting
4.5 Safety precautions
4.5.1 Personal protection
4.5.2 Machinery
4.5.3 Hazardous materials
5 Liquid iron for steelmaking and pig-iron production
5.1 General
5.2 Spoon sampling
5.2.1 Methods
5.2.2 Maintenance of equipment
5.3 Probe sampling
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Methods
5.4 Preparation of a test sample
5.4.1 Preliminary preparation
5.4.2 Test sample for a chemical method
5.4.3 Test sample for a thermal method
5.4.4 Test sample for a physical method
6 Liquid iron for cast iron production
6.1 General
6.2 Spoon sampling
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Methods
6.2.3 Chilled sample
6.2.4 Non-chilled sample
6.2.5 Maintenance of equipment
6.3 Probe sampling
6.4 Preparation of a test sample
6.4.1 Preliminary preparation
6.4.2 Test sample for chemical methods
6.4.3 Test sample for thermal methods
6.4.4 Test sample for physical methods
6.5 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of oxygen and nitrogen
6.5.1 General
6.5.2 Method
6.5.3 Preparation of the test portion
7 Liquid steel for steel production
7.1 General
7.2 Spoon sampling
7.2.1 Methods
7.2.2 Maintenance of equipment
7.3 Probe sampling
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Methods
7.4 Preparation of a test sample
7.4.1 Preliminary preparation
7.4.2 Test sample for chemical methods
7.4.3 Test sample for thermal methods
7.4.4 Test sample for physical methods
7.5 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of nitrogen and oxygen
7.5.1 Methods of sampling
7.5.2 Preparation of the test portion
7.6 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of hydrogen
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Methods of sampling
7.6.3 Preparation of the test portion
8 Pig-irons
8.1 General
8.2 Increment sampling
8.2.1 Number of increments
8.2.2 Methods
8.2.3 Consignment of mixed pig-irons
8.3 Preparation of a test sample
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Test sample for chemical methods
8.3.3 Test sample for thermal methods
8.3.4 Test sample for physical methods
9 Cast iron products
9.1 General
9.2 Sampling and sample preparation
9.2.1 General
9.2.2 Test sample for chemical methods
9.2.3 Sample in the form of a solid block for analysis by thermal methods
9.2.4 Test sample for physical methods
10 Steel products
10.1 General
10.2 Selection of a laboratory sample or a test sample from a cast product
10.3 Selection of a laboratory sample or a test sample from a wrought product
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Sections
10.3.3 Plates or slabs
10.3.4 Light sections, bars, rods, sheets, strips and wires
10.3.5 Tubes and pipes
10.4 Preparation of a test sample
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Test sample in the form of chips
10.4.3 Test sample in the form of a solid block
10.5 Sampling of leaded steel
10.6 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of oxygen
10.6.1 General
10.6.2 Methods of sampling
10.6.3 Preparation of a test portion
10.7 Sampling and sample preparation for the determination of hydrogen
10.7.1 General
10.7.2 Methods of sampling
10.7.3 Preparation of a test portion
Annex A (informative) Sampling probes for use with liquid iron and steel
Annex B (informative) Sampling probes for use with liquid steel for the determination of hydrogen
Bibliography