ISO 13160:2021
Water quality — Strontium 90 and strontium 89 — Test methods using liquid scintillation counting or proportional counting
This document specifies conditions for the determination of 90Sr and 89Sr activity concentration in samples of environmental water using liquid scintillation counting (LSC) or proportional counting (PC).
The method is applicable to test samples of drinking water, rainwater, surface and ground water, marine water, as well as cooling water, industrial water, domestic, and industrial wastewater after proper sampling and handling, and test sample preparation. Filtration of the test sample and a chemical separation are required to separate and purify strontium from a test portion of the sample.
The detection limit depends on the sample volume, the instrument used, the sample count time, the background count rate, the detection efficiency and the chemical yield. The method described in this document, using currently available LSC counters, has a detection limit of approximately 10 mBq l−1 and 2 mBq l−1 for 89Sr and 90Sr, respectively, which is lower than the WHO criteria for safe consumption of drinking water (100 Bq·l−1 for 89Sr and 10 Bq·l−1 for 90Sr)[3]. These values can be achieved with a counting time of 1 000 min for a sample volume of 2 l.
The methods described in this document are applicable in the event of an emergency situation. When fallout occurs following a nuclear accident, the contribution of 89Sr to the total amount of radioactive strontium is not negligible. This document provides test methods to determine the activity concentration of 90Sr in presence of 89Sr.
The analysis of 90Sr and 89Sr adsorbed to suspended matter is not covered by this method.
It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of this test method selected for the water samples tested.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
4.1 General
4.2 Chemical separation
4.3 Detection
5 Chemical reagents and equipment
6 Procedure
6.1 Test sample preparation
6.2 Chemical separation
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Precipitation techniques
6.2.3 Liquid–liquid extraction technique
6.2.4 Chromatographic technique
6.3 Preparation of the source for test
6.3.1 Source preparation for liquid scintillation counter
6.3.2 Source preparation for proportional counter
6.4 Measurement
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Liquid scintillation counter
6.4.3 Proportional counter
6.4.4 Efficiency calculation
6.4.5 Determination of the chemical yield
7 Expression of results
7.1 Determination of 90Sr in equilibrium with 90Y
7.1.1 Calculation of the activity concentration
7.1.2 Standard uncertainty
7.1.3 Decision threshold
7.1.4 Detection limit
7.2 Determination of 90Sr from separated 90Y
7.2.1 Calculation of the activity concentration
7.2.2 Standard uncertainty
7.2.3 Decision threshold
7.2.4 Detection limit
7.3 Determination of 90Sr and 89Sr utilizing 90Sr/90Y equilibrium
7.3.1 Calculation of the activity concentration
7.3.2 Standard uncertainty
7.3.3 Decision threshold
7.3.4 Detection limit
8 Limits of the coverage intervals
8.1 Limits of the of the probabilistically symmetric coverage interval
8.2 Limits of the shortest coverage interval
9 Quality control
10 Test report
Annex A (informative) Determination of 89Sr and 90Sr by precipitation and proportional counting
Annex B (informative) Determination of 89Sr and 90Sr by precipitation and liquid scintillation counting
Annex C (informative) Determination of 90Sr from its decay progeny 90Y at equilibrium by organic extraction and liquid scintillation counting
Annex D (informative) Determination of 90Sr after ionic exchange separation by proportional counting
Annex E (informative) Determination of 90Sr after separation on a crown ether specific resin and liquid scintillation counting
Annex F (informative) Determination of 90Sr from its decay progeny 90Y at equilibrium by organic extraction and proportional counting
Annex G (informative) Correction factor for 90Sr purity using proportional counting
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
4.1 General
4.2 Chemical separation
4.3 Detection
5 Chemical reagents and equipment
6 Procedure
6.1 Test sample preparation
6.2 Chemical separation
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Precipitation techniques
6.2.3 Liquid–liquid extraction technique
6.2.4 Chromatographic technique
6.3 Preparation of the source for test
6.3.1 Source preparation for liquid scintillation counter
6.3.2 Source preparation for proportional counter
6.4 Measurement
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Liquid scintillation counter
6.4.3 Proportional counter
6.4.4 Efficiency calculation
6.4.5 Determination of the chemical yield
7 Expression of results
7.1 Determination of 90Sr in equilibrium with 90Y
7.1.1 Calculation of the activity concentration
7.1.2 Standard uncertainty
7.1.3 Decision threshold
7.1.4 Detection limit
7.2 Determination of 90Sr from separated 90Y
7.2.1 Calculation of the activity concentration
7.2.2 Standard uncertainty
7.2.3 Decision threshold
7.2.4 Detection limit
7.3 Determination of 90Sr and 89Sr utilizing 90Sr/90Y equilibrium
7.3.1 Calculation of the activity concentration
7.3.2 Standard uncertainty
7.3.3 Decision threshold
7.3.4 Detection limit
8 Limits of the coverage intervals
8.1 Limits of the of the probabilistically symmetric coverage interval
8.2 Limits of the shortest coverage interval
9 Quality control
10 Test report
Annex A (informative) Determination of 89Sr and 90Sr by precipitation and proportional counting
Annex B (informative) Determination of 89Sr and 90Sr by precipitation and liquid scintillation counting
Annex C (informative) Determination of 90Sr from its decay progeny 90Y at equilibrium by organic extraction and liquid scintillation counting
Annex D (informative) Determination of 90Sr after ionic exchange separation by proportional counting
Annex E (informative) Determination of 90Sr after separation on a crown ether specific resin and liquid scintillation counting
Annex F (informative) Determination of 90Sr from its decay progeny 90Y at equilibrium by organic extraction and proportional counting
Annex G (informative) Correction factor for 90Sr purity using proportional counting
Bibliography