AS/NZS 61724.1:2020
Photovoltaic system performance - Part 1: Monitoring
Objective of this Standard is to outline equipment, methods, and terminology for performance monitoring and analysis of photovoltaic (PV) systems. This Standard addresses sensors, installation, and accuracy for monitoring equipment in addition to measured parameter data acquisition and quality checks, calculated parameters, and performance metrics. In addition, this Standard serves as a basis for other standards which rely upon the data collected. AS/NZS IEC 61724.1:2020 constitutes a modified adoption of IEC 61724.1:2017 Photovoltaic system performance – Part 1: Monitoring.
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AS/NZS 61724.1:2020 Photovoltaic system performance Monitoring (IEC 61724-1:2017, MOD)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Monitoring system classification
5 General
5.1 Measurement uncertainty
5.2 Calibration
5.3 Repeated elements
5.4 Power consumption
5.5 Documentation
5.6 Inspection
6 Data acquisition timing and reporting
6.1 Sampling, recording, and reporting
6.2 Timestamps
7 Measured parameters
7.1 General requirements
7.2 Irradiance
7.2.1 On-site irradiance measurement
7.2.2 Satellite remote sensing of irradiance
7.3 Environmental factors
7.3.1 PV module temperature
7.3.2 Ambient air temperature
7.3.3 Wind speed and direction
7.3.4 Soiling ratio
7.3.5 Rainfall
7.3.6 Snow
7.3.7 Humidity
7.4 Tracker system
7.4.1 Single-axis trackers
7.4.2 Dual-axis trackers for >20x systems
7.5 Electrical measurements
7.6 External system requirements
8 Data processing and quality check
8.1 Daylight hours
8.2 Quality check
8.2.1 Removing invalid readings
8.2.2 Treatment of missing data
9 Calculated parameters
9.1 Overview
9.2 Summations
9.3 Irradiation
9.4 Electrical energy
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 DC output energy
9.4.3 AC output energy
9.5 Array power rating
9.5.1 DC power rating
9.5.2 AC power rating
9.6 Yields
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 PV array energy yield
9.6.3 Final system yield
9.6.4 Reference yield
9.7 Yield losses
9.7.1 General
9.7.2 Array capture loss
9.7.3 Balance of systems (BOS) loss
9.8 Efficiencies
9.8.1 Array (DC) efficiency
9.8.2 System (AC) efficiency
9.8.3 BOS efficiency
10 Performance metrics
10.1 Overview
10.2 Summations
10.3 Performance ratios
10.3.1 Performance ratio
10.3.2 Temperature-corrected performance ratios
10.4 Performance indices
11 Data filtering
11.1 Use of available data
11.2 Filtering data to specific conditions
11.3 Reduced inverter, grid, or load availability
Annex A (informative)Sampling interval
A.1 General considerations
A.2 Time constants
A.3 Aliasing error
A.4 Example
Annex B (informative)Module backsheet temperature sensor selection and attachment
B.1 Objective
B.2 Sensor and material selection
B.2.1 Optimal sensor types
B.2.2 Optimal tapes
B.2.3 Cyanoacrylate adhesives and backsheet integrity
B.3 Sensor attachment method
B.3.1 Permanent versus temporary
B.3.2 Attachment location
B.3.3 Sensor attachment
Annex C (informative)Derate factors
Annex D (normative)Systems with local loads, storage, or auxiliary sources
D.1 System types
D.2 Parameters and formulas
Bibliography
Figures
Figure 1 – Possible elements of PV systems
Figure 2 – Sampling, recording, and reporting
Figure B.1 – Sensor attachment, permanent
Figure B.2 – Sensor attachment, temporary
Figure B.3 – Sensor element wire strain relief
Figure D.1 – Energy flow between possible elements of different PV system types
Tables
Table 1 – Monitoring system classifications and suggested applications
Table 2 – Sampling and recording interval requirements
Table 3 – Measured parameters and requirements for each monitoring system class
Table 4 – Relation between system size (AC) and number of sensors for specific sensors referenced in Table 3
Table 5 – Sensor choices and requirements for in-plane and global irradiance
Table 6 – Irradiance sensor alignment accuracy
Table 7 – Irradiance sensor maintenance requirements
Table 8 – PV module temperature sensor maintenance requirements
Table 9 – Ambient air temperature sensor maintenance requirements
Table 10 – Wind sensor maintenance requirements
Table 11 – Inverter-level electrical measurement requirements
Table 12 – Plant-level AC electrical output measurement requirements
Table 13 – Calculated parameters
Table 14 – Performance metrics
Table D.1 – Elements of different PV system types
Table D.2 – Parameters and equations for different system types
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AS/NZS 61724.1:2020 Photovoltaic system performance Monitoring (IEC 61724-1:2017, MOD)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Monitoring system classification
5 General
5.1 Measurement uncertainty
5.2 Calibration
5.3 Repeated elements
5.4 Power consumption
5.5 Documentation
5.6 Inspection
6 Data acquisition timing and reporting
6.1 Sampling, recording, and reporting
6.2 Timestamps
7 Measured parameters
7.1 General requirements
7.2 Irradiance
7.2.1 On-site irradiance measurement
7.2.2 Satellite remote sensing of irradiance
7.3 Environmental factors
7.3.1 PV module temperature
7.3.2 Ambient air temperature
7.3.3 Wind speed and direction
7.3.4 Soiling ratio
7.3.5 Rainfall
7.3.6 Snow
7.3.7 Humidity
7.4 Tracker system
7.4.1 Single-axis trackers
7.4.2 Dual-axis trackers for >20x systems
7.5 Electrical measurements
7.6 External system requirements
8 Data processing and quality check
8.1 Daylight hours
8.2 Quality check
8.2.1 Removing invalid readings
8.2.2 Treatment of missing data
9 Calculated parameters
9.1 Overview
9.2 Summations
9.3 Irradiation
9.4 Electrical energy
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 DC output energy
9.4.3 AC output energy
9.5 Array power rating
9.5.1 DC power rating
9.5.2 AC power rating
9.6 Yields
9.6.1 General
9.6.2 PV array energy yield
9.6.3 Final system yield
9.6.4 Reference yield
9.7 Yield losses
9.7.1 General
9.7.2 Array capture loss
9.7.3 Balance of systems (BOS) loss
9.8 Efficiencies
9.8.1 Array (DC) efficiency
9.8.2 System (AC) efficiency
9.8.3 BOS efficiency
10 Performance metrics
10.1 Overview
10.2 Summations
10.3 Performance ratios
10.3.1 Performance ratio
10.3.2 Temperature-corrected performance ratios
10.4 Performance indices
11 Data filtering
11.1 Use of available data
11.2 Filtering data to specific conditions
11.3 Reduced inverter, grid, or load availability
Annex A (informative)Sampling interval
A.1 General considerations
A.2 Time constants
A.3 Aliasing error
A.4 Example
Annex B (informative)Module backsheet temperature sensor selection and attachment
B.1 Objective
B.2 Sensor and material selection
B.2.1 Optimal sensor types
B.2.2 Optimal tapes
B.2.3 Cyanoacrylate adhesives and backsheet integrity
B.3 Sensor attachment method
B.3.1 Permanent versus temporary
B.3.2 Attachment location
B.3.3 Sensor attachment
Annex C (informative)Derate factors
Annex D (normative)Systems with local loads, storage, or auxiliary sources
D.1 System types
D.2 Parameters and formulas
Bibliography
Figures
Figure 1 – Possible elements of PV systems
Figure 2 – Sampling, recording, and reporting
Figure B.1 – Sensor attachment, permanent
Figure B.2 – Sensor attachment, temporary
Figure B.3 – Sensor element wire strain relief
Figure D.1 – Energy flow between possible elements of different PV system types
Tables
Table 1 – Monitoring system classifications and suggested applications
Table 2 – Sampling and recording interval requirements
Table 3 – Measured parameters and requirements for each monitoring system class
Table 4 – Relation between system size (AC) and number of sensors for specific sensors referenced in Table 3
Table 5 – Sensor choices and requirements for in-plane and global irradiance
Table 6 – Irradiance sensor alignment accuracy
Table 7 – Irradiance sensor maintenance requirements
Table 8 – PV module temperature sensor maintenance requirements
Table 9 – Ambient air temperature sensor maintenance requirements
Table 10 – Wind sensor maintenance requirements
Table 11 – Inverter-level electrical measurement requirements
Table 12 – Plant-level AC electrical output measurement requirements
Table 13 – Calculated parameters
Table 14 – Performance metrics
Table D.1 – Elements of different PV system types
Table D.2 – Parameters and equations for different system types
AS/NZS 61724.1:2020
Online Library subscription information
Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.