SNZ PAS 6014:2025
Residential solar photovoltaics (PV) and battery storage systems guideline
This document has been prepared as guidance and is published as a publicly available specification (PAS). The PAS will be used by the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA) to provide good practice advice, information and guidance on solar photovoltaic (PV) and battery storage systems. It introduces the concept of solar technology, explaining the different types of systems; their respective key components and how they interrelate. The guideline provides valuable advice to homeowners’ on choosing an appropriate solar and/or battery-storage system aligned with their specific needs. It explains the regulatory requirements for installing and connecting a solar system to the electricity grid, as well as explaining what the homeowner needs to know - to sell surplus electricity back into the system.
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SNZ PAS 6014:2025
Technical advisory group representation
Acknowledgement
Copyright
CONTENTS
Cited standards
Referenced documents
Latest revisions
Review of standards
Foreword
1 SCOPE
1.1 General
1.2 Inclusions
1.3 Exclusions
1.4 Objectives
1.5 Definitions
1.6 Abbreviations
2 BECOMING HOME ENERGY SECURE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Why should you transition to solar?
2.3 How solar PV panels work
2.4 Exporting excess electricity
2.5 Installation matters
2.6 Non-compliant and illegal installations
3 PARTICIPATING IN THE ELECTRICITY SYSTEM
3.1 General
3.2 Supply and demand
3.3 What is the electricity market?
3.4 Participation compliance requirements
3.5 Electrical installation compliance requirements
3.6 Guide to different solar PV system pricing plans
3.7 Energy efficiency
3.8 Home energy management system interoperability
3.9 Islanding
4 INTRODUCING SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY
4.1 General
4.2 How solar fits into the electricity system
4.3 Key considerations before installing solar PV
4.4 Maximising the benefits of solar PV
4.5 Market snapshot
4.6 Key solar components
5 LEARNING ABOUT SOLAR PV SYSTEMS
5.1 General
5.2 Choosing a quality solar system
5.3 Sizing your solar system
5.4 Designing a solar system
5.5 Limitations and risks of the current technology
6 SOLAR PANELS
6.1 General
6.2 Types
6.3 Installation – general considerations
7 ROOFTOP APPLICATIONS
7.1 Is my roof suitable for solar PV?
7.2 Access and safety
7.3 Cable management
7.4 Anodising
7.5 Earthing (grounding)
7.6 Roof penetrations
8 GROUND MOUNT APPLICATIONS
8.1 General
8.2 Safety considerations
8.3 Types of ground mount structures
8.4 Guidance on use, operation, and maintenance
9 GRID-TIED SYSTEMS WITHOUT BATTERIES
9.1 General
9.2 Types of electricity connections
9.3 System architecture
9.4 Installation considerations
9.5 Commissioning
9.6 Inspection
9.7 Customer training and handover
9.8 Guidance on use, operation, and maintenance
10 GRID-TIED SYSTEMS WITH BATTERIES AND BACKUP CAPABILITY
10.1 General
10.2 Design of hybrid solar systems with batteries
10.3 System architecture
10.4 Installation considerations
10.5 Guidance on use, operation, and maintenance
11 OFF-GRID SYSTEMS
11.1 General
11.2 System design
11.3 System architecture
11.4 Installation considerations
11.5 Guidance on use, operation, and maintenance
12 BATTERIES
12.1 General
12.2 Types
12.3 New battery technologies
12.4 Design
12.5 Charging protocols
12.6 IP rating
12.7 Soft start/pre-charge
12.8 Warranty
12.9 Independent battery testing
12.10 Installation considerations
12.11 Guidance on use, operation, and maintenance
12.12 Battery recycling
Appendix A – Choosing a system that is right for you
Appendix B – Technical specifications
Appendix C – Data capture and cybersecurity
Figure 1 – Typical rooftop solar panels
Figure 2 – Solar panel installation basics
Figure 3 – New Zealand electricity market
Figure 4 – Flexibility provider interface
Figure 5 – Typical small-scale solar installation components
Figure 6 – Typical rooftop solar panel system
Figure 7 – Advantages of PV oversizing
Figure 8 – Solar design report key elements
Figure 9 – Typical solar payback analysis
Figure 10 – Typical solar panel construction
Figure 11 – Wiring of solar panels
Figure 12 – Typical rooftop racking systems
Figure 13 – Edge zone for a typical roof-mounted solar array
Figure 14 – New Zealand wind zones
Figure 15 – Panel orientation
Figure 16 – Typical flashing installation
Figure 17 – Example ground-mounted solar array
Figure 18a – Typical older-style combination meter/switchboard
Figure 18b – Typical modern switchboard installation
Figure 19 – Typical grid-tied hybrid solar system architecture
Figure 20 – Off-grid solar PV system architecture
Figure 21 – Typical PCE arrangement
Figure 22 – Typical AC and DC system configurations
Figure 23 – Typical battery voltage discharge curves for each chemistry
Figure 24 – Three-stage charging
Figure 25 – Restricted zones for equipment not associated with the pre-assembled battery systems
Figure 26 – Barrier zones for pre-assembled integrated BESS installed on or near a habitable room-facing wall
Figure A1 – Linear performance versus product warranties
Table 1 – Energy pricing options
Table 2 – Purchase and finance arrangements for solar systems
Table 3 – Solar panel limitations and risks
Table 4 – Solar panel selection factors
Table 5 – Typical New Zealand roof systems
Table A1 – Comparing string inverters, micro-inverters, and power optimisers
Table B1 – Legal requirements
Table B2 – Key component-specific installation requirements
Table B3 – Cybersecurity good-practice guidance
Table C1 – Key cybersecurity risks for solar PV systems
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SNZ PAS 6014:2025
Technical advisory group representation
Acknowledgement
Copyright
CONTENTS
Cited standards
Referenced documents
Latest revisions
Review of standards
Foreword
1 SCOPE
1.1 General
1.2 Inclusions
1.3 Exclusions
1.4 Objectives
1.5 Definitions
1.6 Abbreviations
2 BECOMING HOME ENERGY SECURE
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Why should you transition to solar?
2.3 How solar PV panels work
2.4 Exporting excess electricity
2.5 Installation matters
2.6 Non-compliant and illegal installations
3 PARTICIPATING IN THE ELECTRICITY SYSTEM
3.1 General
3.2 Supply and demand
3.3 What is the electricity market?
3.4 Participation compliance requirements
3.5 Electrical installation compliance requirements
3.6 Guide to different solar PV system pricing plans
3.7 Energy efficiency
3.8 Home energy management system interoperability
3.9 Islanding
4 INTRODUCING SOLAR PV TECHNOLOGY
4.1 General
4.2 How solar fits into the electricity system
4.3 Key considerations before installing solar PV
4.4 Maximising the benefits of solar PV
4.5 Market snapshot
4.6 Key solar components
5 LEARNING ABOUT SOLAR PV SYSTEMS
5.1 General
5.2 Choosing a quality solar system
5.3 Sizing your solar system
5.4 Designing a solar system
5.5 Limitations and risks of the current technology
6 SOLAR PANELS
6.1 General
6.2 Types
6.3 Installation – general considerations
7 ROOFTOP APPLICATIONS
7.1 Is my roof suitable for solar PV?
7.2 Access and safety
7.3 Cable management
7.4 Anodising
7.5 Earthing (grounding)
7.6 Roof penetrations
8 GROUND MOUNT APPLICATIONS
8.1 General
8.2 Safety considerations
8.3 Types of ground mount structures
8.4 Guidance on use, operation, and maintenance
9 GRID-TIED SYSTEMS WITHOUT BATTERIES
9.1 General
9.2 Types of electricity connections
9.3 System architecture
9.4 Installation considerations
9.5 Commissioning
9.6 Inspection
9.7 Customer training and handover
9.8 Guidance on use, operation, and maintenance
10 GRID-TIED SYSTEMS WITH BATTERIES AND BACKUP CAPABILITY
10.1 General
10.2 Design of hybrid solar systems with batteries
10.3 System architecture
10.4 Installation considerations
10.5 Guidance on use, operation, and maintenance
11 OFF-GRID SYSTEMS
11.1 General
11.2 System design
11.3 System architecture
11.4 Installation considerations
11.5 Guidance on use, operation, and maintenance
12 BATTERIES
12.1 General
12.2 Types
12.3 New battery technologies
12.4 Design
12.5 Charging protocols
12.6 IP rating
12.7 Soft start/pre-charge
12.8 Warranty
12.9 Independent battery testing
12.10 Installation considerations
12.11 Guidance on use, operation, and maintenance
12.12 Battery recycling
Appendix A – Choosing a system that is right for you
Appendix B – Technical specifications
Appendix C – Data capture and cybersecurity
Figure 1 – Typical rooftop solar panels
Figure 2 – Solar panel installation basics
Figure 3 – New Zealand electricity market
Figure 4 – Flexibility provider interface
Figure 5 – Typical small-scale solar installation components
Figure 6 – Typical rooftop solar panel system
Figure 7 – Advantages of PV oversizing
Figure 8 – Solar design report key elements
Figure 9 – Typical solar payback analysis
Figure 10 – Typical solar panel construction
Figure 11 – Wiring of solar panels
Figure 12 – Typical rooftop racking systems
Figure 13 – Edge zone for a typical roof-mounted solar array
Figure 14 – New Zealand wind zones
Figure 15 – Panel orientation
Figure 16 – Typical flashing installation
Figure 17 – Example ground-mounted solar array
Figure 18a – Typical older-style combination meter/switchboard
Figure 18b – Typical modern switchboard installation
Figure 19 – Typical grid-tied hybrid solar system architecture
Figure 20 – Off-grid solar PV system architecture
Figure 21 – Typical PCE arrangement
Figure 22 – Typical AC and DC system configurations
Figure 23 – Typical battery voltage discharge curves for each chemistry
Figure 24 – Three-stage charging
Figure 25 – Restricted zones for equipment not associated with the pre-assembled battery systems
Figure 26 – Barrier zones for pre-assembled integrated BESS installed on or near a habitable room-facing wall
Figure A1 – Linear performance versus product warranties
Table 1 – Energy pricing options
Table 2 – Purchase and finance arrangements for solar systems
Table 3 – Solar panel limitations and risks
Table 4 – Solar panel selection factors
Table 5 – Typical New Zealand roof systems
Table A1 – Comparing string inverters, micro-inverters, and power optimisers
Table B1 – Legal requirements
Table B2 – Key component-specific installation requirements
Table B3 – Cybersecurity good-practice guidance
Table C1 – Key cybersecurity risks for solar PV systems
SNZ PAS 6014:2025
Online Library subscription information
Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.