NZS 4431:2022
Engineered fill construction for lightweight structures
NZS 4431 provides the process for the geotechnical investigation, design, construction, quality assurance testing, and certification of engineered fill as foundation support for lightweight residential and commercial buildings and associated infrastructure. Evidence of adherence to this standard, alongside appropriate professional review and certification, can be used to demonstrate compliance with the relevant sections of the New Zealand Building Code for these projects. This revision reflects changes in geotechnical investigation, design and construction practice, test methods. And environmental, consenting, and health and safety obligations since the original publication in 1989. The layout of this revision reflects the iterative processes used by the geotechnical designer, certifier, and contractor to enable engineered fill construction to deliver safe and stable foundation support for lightweight residential and commercial buildings and associated infrastructure. NZS4431 is not a specification. An earthworks specification needs to be developed for each development in accordance with the requirements of this standard. The earthworks specification will provide the site and contract-specific requirements in addition to those presented in this standard. To comply with this standard, certified engineered fill construction shall meet the requirements of the project - and site-specific earthworks specification, as well as the design documentation, engineering drawings, quality assurance and testing requirements, and building and consent conditions. The New Zealand earthworks specification (NZGS, 2022) is an example of a generic specification developed to be compatible with this standard. It is appropriate for use on most residential (and many other) development projects with common soil and rock types found in New Zealand and comes in both a long and a short form to suit larger and smaller projects respectively. Because of the variability of the natural materials used in earthworks, specialist geotechnical input is needed to ensure that the specified soil and rock materials are suitable for the intended use and that the proposed testing regime is appropriate for the selected materials. The primary intended users of this standard are the geotechnical designer and the certifier. In the context of this standard, the geotechnical designer is responsible for the design of the engineered fill and the preparation of the earthwork’s specification. The certifier is responsible for confirming that the engineered fill has been constructed in accordance with the design, consent conditions, and earthworks specification. In many smaller projects, the geotechnical designer will also take the role of the certifier. The contractor responsible for placing the engineered fill should have a good understanding of this standard. It is expected that they will use this standard to direct any filling operations in conjunction with the earthwork’s specification created by the geotechnical designer in accordance with this standard.
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NZS 4431:2022 Engineered fill construction for lightweight structures
Committee representation
Acknowledgement
Copyright
CONTENTS
Referenced documents
Latest revisions
Review of standards
Foreword
1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Interpretation
1.4 Definitions
1.5 Abbreviations
2 INVESTIGATION, DESIGN, AND PLANNING
2.1 General
2.2 Safety in design
2.3 Sustainability in design
2.4 Site and material investigations – Factual data and interpretative reports
2.5 Design
2.6 Conditions and authorities
3 EARTHWORKS MATERIAL AND SPECIFICATION DOCUMENTATION
3.1 General
3.2 Fill material classifications
3.3 Source material type
3.4 Material condition
3.5 Fill use type
3.6 Earthworks specification preparation
4 ENGINEERED FILL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
4.1 General
4.2 Planning the earthworks
4.3 Site preparation, protection, and temporary works
4.4 Fill construction
4.5 Finishing works
5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
5.1 General
5.2 Inspections
5.3 Sampling and testing
6 AS-BUILT SURVEY AND PLANS
7 FINAL DOCUMENTATION
7.1 Earthworks completion report
7.2 Earthworks certification
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
Table A1
Table A2
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
- B1
- E2
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References
Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes - Soil classification tests - Test 2.1 Determination of the water content
Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes - Soil classification tests - Test 2.7.1 Method for coarse, medium and fine soils
Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes - Soil classification tests - Test 2.7.2 Method for medium and fine soils
Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes - Soil classification tests - Test 2.8.1 Standard method by wet sieving
Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes - Soil compaction tests - Determination of the dry density/water content relationship - Test 4.1.2 New Zealand heavy compaction test
Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes - Soil compaction tests - Determination of the dry density/water content relationship - Test 4.1.3 New Zealand vibrating hammer compaction test
Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes - Soil compaction tests - Determination of the minimum and maximum dry densities and relative density of a cohesionless soil - Test 4.2.1 Minimum dry density
Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes - Soil compaction tests - Determination of the minimum and maximum dry densities and relative density of a cohesionless soil - Test 4.2.2 Maximum dry density
Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes - Soil compaction tests - Determination of the minimum and maximum dry densities and relative density of a cohesionless soil - Test 4.2.3 Relative density
Land development and subdivision infrastructure
Methods of sampling and testing road aggregates
Code of practice for earth fill for residential development
Related Information
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BS 1377-1:2016
Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes, General requirements and sample preparation
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BS 1377-3:2018
Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes, Chemical and electro-chemical testing
NZS 4431:2022 Engineered fill construction for lightweight structures
Committee representation
Acknowledgement
Copyright
CONTENTS
Referenced documents
Latest revisions
Review of standards
Foreword
1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Interpretation
1.4 Definitions
1.5 Abbreviations
2 INVESTIGATION, DESIGN, AND PLANNING
2.1 General
2.2 Safety in design
2.3 Sustainability in design
2.4 Site and material investigations – Factual data and interpretative reports
2.5 Design
2.6 Conditions and authorities
3 EARTHWORKS MATERIAL AND SPECIFICATION DOCUMENTATION
3.1 General
3.2 Fill material classifications
3.3 Source material type
3.4 Material condition
3.5 Fill use type
3.6 Earthworks specification preparation
4 ENGINEERED FILL CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES
4.1 General
4.2 Planning the earthworks
4.3 Site preparation, protection, and temporary works
4.4 Fill construction
4.5 Finishing works
5 QUALITY ASSURANCE
5.1 General
5.2 Inspections
5.3 Sampling and testing
6 AS-BUILT SURVEY AND PLANS
7 FINAL DOCUMENTATION
7.1 Earthworks completion report
7.2 Earthworks certification
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
APPENDIX C
APPENDIX D
Table A1
Table A2
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
- B1
- E2
NZS 4431:2022
Online Library subscription pricing
The cost of your subscription will depend on which standards you want to access, and how many people in your organisation need to be able to access the Online Library subscription at the same time (concurrent users). During your subscription period, we are also able to make any necessary changes and ensure you are aware of any pricing changes that result. For a quote, contact our Online Library team by emailing onlinelibrary@standards.govt.nz.