ISO/TS 21354:2020
Measurement of multiphase fluid flow
This document establishes a common basis for, and assistance in, the classification of applications and multiphase meters, as well as guidance and recommendations for the implementation and use of such meters.
The so-called in-line multiphase flow meters (MPFMs) that directly measure the oil, water and gas flow rates, as well as the partial- and full-separation MPFMs are the main focus of this document. Conventional two- or three-phase separators are not included in this document. Only limited reference is made to wet-gas meters, since although wet-gas flow is a subset of multiphase flow, wet-gas measurement is covered by ISO/TR 11583 and ISO/TR 12748.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Terms related to multiphase flow metering
3.2 Terms related to metrology
4 Symbols and subscripts
4.1 Symbols
4.2 Colours and symbols used in schematic drawings
5 Multiphase flow
5.1 General
5.2 Multiphase flow regime maps
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Vertical flows
5.2.3 Horizontal flows
5.3 Slip effects
5.4 Classification of multiphase flows
6 Aims of multiphase flow measurement
6.1 General
6.2 Individual-well surveillance or monitoring
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Production optimization
6.2.3 Flow assurance
6.3 Well testing
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Conventional well testing
6.3.3 Well testing by MPFMs
6.4 Production allocation metering
6.5 Fiscal or custody transfer measurement
6.6 Summary of advantages and disadvantages of MPFMs
7 Production envelope and installation design guidelines
7.1 General
7.2 Production envelope
7.2.1 Plotting the production envelope in the two-phase flow map
7.2.2 Plotting the production envelope in the composition map
7.3 MPFM measuring envelope
7.3.1 Plotting the MPFM measuring envelope in the two-phase flow map
7.3.2 Plotting the MPFM measuring envelope in the composition map
7.4 Using the flow maps during testing
7.5 Cumulative performance plot
7.6 Other considerations
8 Performance specification
8.1 General
8.2 Technical description
8.3 Specification of individual sensors and primary devices
8.4 Specification of output data and formats
8.5 Measuring range, rated operating conditions and limiting conditions
8.6 Measurement uncertainty
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Measurement uncertainty evaluation of MPFMs
8.6.3 Influence quantities and sensitivity coefficients
8.6.4 Repeatability
8.6.5 Stability and frequency response
8.7 Guideline on MPFM performance specification
8.7.1 General
8.7.2 Technical descriptions
8.7.3 Specification of input data
8.7.4 Specification of output data
8.7.5 Rated operating conditions and limiting conditions
8.7.6 Measurement uncertainty
8.7.7 Two-phase flow map
8.7.8 Composition map
9 Testing, calibration and adjustment
9.1 General
9.2 Factory acceptance testing (FAT)
9.3 Calibration and test of MPFMs
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Performance verification in static conditions
9.3.3 Performance verification in dynamic conditions
9.3.4 Factory test
9.3.5 Test facility
9.3.6 In situ test
9.3.7 Further information on performance testing
9.3.8 Test report
9.4 Adjustment of MPFMs
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Adjustment based on static configuration
9.4.3 Adjustment based on performance verification in dynamic conditions
9.5 Blind tests
9.5.1 Scope and objective of MPFM blind test
9.5.2 Organization and implementation
9.5.3 Multiphase flow loop
9.5.4 Test matrix
9.5.5 Information to be provided by MPFM vendors
9.5.6 Information provided to MPFM vendors
9.5.7 Test completion
9.5.8 Test results and deliverables
10 Field installation and commissioning
10.1 General
10.2 Installation considerations
10.3 Installation and site integration
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Installation requirements
10.3.3 Electrical connections and power requirements
10.3.4 Function test
10.3.5 Fluid calculation checks
10.4 Commissioning
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Preparation
10.4.3 Documentation and equipment
10.4.4 On site authorization
10.4.5 Commissioning activities
10.5 Start-up
11 Verification during operation
11.1 General
11.2 Baseline monitoring
11.3 Self-checking, self-diagnostic capabilities and internal redundancy
11.4 Comparison with model-based multiphase flow calculations
11.5 Two meters in series
11.6 Mobile test units
11.7 Tracer technology
11.8 Injection
11.9 Sampling
11.9.1 General
11.9.2 Sampling for information about WLR
11.10 Imbalances and reconciliation factor
11.11 Geo-chemical fingerprinting
11.12 Subsea systems verification
Annex A (informative) Multiphase meter technologies
Annex B (informative) Fluid properties and hydrocarbon behaviour
Annex C (informative) Example of field test reference measurements
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Terms related to multiphase flow metering
3.2 Terms related to metrology
4 Symbols and subscripts
4.1 Symbols
4.2 Colours and symbols used in schematic drawings
5 Multiphase flow
5.1 General
5.2 Multiphase flow regime maps
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Vertical flows
5.2.3 Horizontal flows
5.3 Slip effects
5.4 Classification of multiphase flows
6 Aims of multiphase flow measurement
6.1 General
6.2 Individual-well surveillance or monitoring
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Production optimization
6.2.3 Flow assurance
6.3 Well testing
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Conventional well testing
6.3.3 Well testing by MPFMs
6.4 Production allocation metering
6.5 Fiscal or custody transfer measurement
6.6 Summary of advantages and disadvantages of MPFMs
7 Production envelope and installation design guidelines
7.1 General
7.2 Production envelope
7.2.1 Plotting the production envelope in the two-phase flow map
7.2.2 Plotting the production envelope in the composition map
7.3 MPFM measuring envelope
7.3.1 Plotting the MPFM measuring envelope in the two-phase flow map
7.3.2 Plotting the MPFM measuring envelope in the composition map
7.4 Using the flow maps during testing
7.5 Cumulative performance plot
7.6 Other considerations
8 Performance specification
8.1 General
8.2 Technical description
8.3 Specification of individual sensors and primary devices
8.4 Specification of output data and formats
8.5 Measuring range, rated operating conditions and limiting conditions
8.6 Measurement uncertainty
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Measurement uncertainty evaluation of MPFMs
8.6.3 Influence quantities and sensitivity coefficients
8.6.4 Repeatability
8.6.5 Stability and frequency response
8.7 Guideline on MPFM performance specification
8.7.1 General
8.7.2 Technical descriptions
8.7.3 Specification of input data
8.7.4 Specification of output data
8.7.5 Rated operating conditions and limiting conditions
8.7.6 Measurement uncertainty
8.7.7 Two-phase flow map
8.7.8 Composition map
9 Testing, calibration and adjustment
9.1 General
9.2 Factory acceptance testing (FAT)
9.3 Calibration and test of MPFMs
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Performance verification in static conditions
9.3.3 Performance verification in dynamic conditions
9.3.4 Factory test
9.3.5 Test facility
9.3.6 In situ test
9.3.7 Further information on performance testing
9.3.8 Test report
9.4 Adjustment of MPFMs
9.4.1 General
9.4.2 Adjustment based on static configuration
9.4.3 Adjustment based on performance verification in dynamic conditions
9.5 Blind tests
9.5.1 Scope and objective of MPFM blind test
9.5.2 Organization and implementation
9.5.3 Multiphase flow loop
9.5.4 Test matrix
9.5.5 Information to be provided by MPFM vendors
9.5.6 Information provided to MPFM vendors
9.5.7 Test completion
9.5.8 Test results and deliverables
10 Field installation and commissioning
10.1 General
10.2 Installation considerations
10.3 Installation and site integration
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Installation requirements
10.3.3 Electrical connections and power requirements
10.3.4 Function test
10.3.5 Fluid calculation checks
10.4 Commissioning
10.4.1 General
10.4.2 Preparation
10.4.3 Documentation and equipment
10.4.4 On site authorization
10.4.5 Commissioning activities
10.5 Start-up
11 Verification during operation
11.1 General
11.2 Baseline monitoring
11.3 Self-checking, self-diagnostic capabilities and internal redundancy
11.4 Comparison with model-based multiphase flow calculations
11.5 Two meters in series
11.6 Mobile test units
11.7 Tracer technology
11.8 Injection
11.9 Sampling
11.9.1 General
11.9.2 Sampling for information about WLR
11.10 Imbalances and reconciliation factor
11.11 Geo-chemical fingerprinting
11.12 Subsea systems verification
Annex A (informative) Multiphase meter technologies
Annex B (informative) Fluid properties and hydrocarbon behaviour
Annex C (informative) Example of field test reference measurements
Bibliography