ISO/TS 20048-1:2020
Solid biofuels — Determination of off-gassing and oxygen depletion characteristics — Part 1: Laboratory method for the determination of off-gassing and oxygen depletion using closed containers
This document defines a method for determination of off-gassing (permanent gases) and oxygen depletion from woody as well as non-woody biomass, including densified materials such as pellets and briquettes, as well as non-densified materials such as chips. The method is also applicable for thermally treated materials, including torrefied and carbonized materials.
The emission and depletion factor and emission and depletion rate for various gas species emitted from sample within a closed test container is determined by means of gas chromatography.
The emission and depletion factor and emission and depletion rate provide guidance for ventilation requirements to keep gas concentrations below Permissible Exposure Levels (PEL) in spaces where workers can be exposed to the enclosed atmosphere.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Apparatus
5.1 General
5.2 Test containers
5.3 Gas sampler
5.4 Ovens
5.5 Gas chromatograph (GC) analyser
6 Biomass sampling and sample preparation
6.1 General
6.2 Test sample characterization
6.3 Test sample size
7 Procedure
7.1 Determination of porosity in biomass test sample
7.2 Filling of test containers
7.3 Test container arrangement and test gas sampling volume
7.4 Operation of temperature-controlled ovens
7.5 Gas sampling procedure
7.6 Gas analysis
8 Calculation
9 Test report
Annex A (normative) Quantification of gas species using chromatography
Annex B (informative) Estimation of ventilation requirements for enclosed spaces
Annex C (informative) Determination of gas species concentration in open storage space
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Apparatus
5.1 General
5.2 Test containers
5.3 Gas sampler
5.4 Ovens
5.5 Gas chromatograph (GC) analyser
6 Biomass sampling and sample preparation
6.1 General
6.2 Test sample characterization
6.3 Test sample size
7 Procedure
7.1 Determination of porosity in biomass test sample
7.2 Filling of test containers
7.3 Test container arrangement and test gas sampling volume
7.4 Operation of temperature-controlled ovens
7.5 Gas sampling procedure
7.6 Gas analysis
8 Calculation
9 Test report
Annex A (normative) Quantification of gas species using chromatography
Annex B (informative) Estimation of ventilation requirements for enclosed spaces
Annex C (informative) Determination of gas species concentration in open storage space
Bibliography