ISO/TR 27915:2017
Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage — Quantification and verification
ISO/TR 27915:2017 presents a review of publicly available literature identifying materially relevant issues and options relating to "good practices" for quantifying and verifying GHG emissions and reductions at the project level. Its scope covers all components of the CCS chain (e.g. capture, transport, storage) and includes a lifecycle assessment approach to estimating project level emissions and emission reductions from project assessment, construction and operations, through to completion and post-closure activities. This document considers the following at the project level:
- a variety of Q&V related boundaries applicable to all components of a CCS project;
- the composition of the CO2 stream, including its purity, and requirements for measuring and verifying the physical and chemical state of the CO2 stream in CCS projects;
- identification and quantification of GHG emissions and reductions across integrated CCS components;
- monitoring objectives, methodologies, and sampling strategies, including locations, periods, and frequencies;
- GHG data collection and reporting;
- verifying GHG expectations with agreed verification criteria;
- life cycle assessment (LCA) of CCS projects.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
1.1 General
1.2 Limitations
1.3 Stakeholders’ requirements
1.4 Review of the references
1.5 Nomenclature
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principles
4.1 General
4.2 Principles relating to the accuracy of measurement
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 Relevance
4.2.3 Completeness
4.2.4 Consistency and comparability
4.2.5 Accuracy
4.2.6 Transparency
4.2.7 Conservativeness
4.3 Principles relating to the fungibility of emission reductions
4.3.1 Real
4.3.2 Additionality
4.3.3 Quantifiable
4.3.4 Permanence
4.3.5 Environmental effectiveness
4.3.6 Enforceable
4.3.7 Economic efficiency
4.4 Principles relating to equity and relationship with stakeholders
4.4.1 Equity
4.4.2 Transparency
4.4.3 Political acceptability
4.4.4 Consistency with IPCC Guidelines
5 Defining the CCS system and boundaries
5.1 General
5.2 Spatial boundaries
5.2.1 Overview
5.2.2 CCS Project
5.2.3 Capture system boundaries
5.2.4 Transportation system boundaries
5.2.5 Storage system boundaries
5.2.6 Geological storage complex
5.2.7 Wells
5.2.8 Surface equipment
5.2.9 Life cycle assessment (LCA) boundaries
5.2.10 Reference to baseline scenario
5.3 Temporal boundaries
5.4 Use of boundaries for Quantification
5.4.1 Importance of Quantification and verification
5.4.2 Leakage and risk consideration
6 Quantification methodologies
6.1 General
6.2 Key elements of GHG accounting approaches for CCS
6.2.1 Overview
6.2.2 Program purpose and type
6.2.3 Scope
6.2.4 Emission quantification methods
6.3 Sources and emissions identified in CCS systems
6.3.1 Overview
6.3.2 Capture system
6.3.3 Transportation system
6.3.4 Storage system
6.3.5 Other emissions
6.4 Case studies
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Case study 1: UNFCCC National inventories — Inventory accounting
6.4.3 Case study 2: ISO 14064‑2 and CDM — Baseline emission reduction credit accounting
6.4.4 Case study 3: EU ETS — Cap and trade accounting
6.4.5 Case study 4: Alberta CCS protocol — Baseline emission reduction credit accounting
6.4.6 Case Study 5: Alberta EOR protocol — Baseline emission reduction credit accounting
6.4.7 Case study 6: US GHG reporting — Inventory accounting
6.4.8 Case study 7: LCA
6.5 Discussion — Key commonalities, differences and noteworthy issues
6.5.1 Key differences
6.5.2 Issues for further consideration
7 Measurement and monitoring
7.1 General
7.2 Purpose
7.3 Review of monitoring for ccs
7.4 Measurement and monitoring in CCS systems
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 CCS projects
7.4.3 Capture system
7.4.4 Transportation system
7.4.5 Storage system
7.4.6 Impurities
7.4.7 LCA approaches
8 Environmental impacts of CCS other than GHG capture/emission
8.1 Objectives
8.2 Definition of EIA and LCA
8.3 LCA methodological framework
8.4 Key features of LCA for CCS
9 Data management, reporting and verification
9.1 General
9.2 Data management
9.3 Reporting
9.4 Verification
9.4.1 Background
9.4.2 Verification planning
9.4.3 Assessment of the GHG data, information and controls
9.4.4 Conclusion and reporting of the verification process
9.4.5 Verification records
9.4.6 Competency of verification teams
10 Conclusions
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
1.1 General
1.2 Limitations
1.3 Stakeholders’ requirements
1.4 Review of the references
1.5 Nomenclature
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principles
4.1 General
4.2 Principles relating to the accuracy of measurement
4.2.1 Overview
4.2.2 Relevance
4.2.3 Completeness
4.2.4 Consistency and comparability
4.2.5 Accuracy
4.2.6 Transparency
4.2.7 Conservativeness
4.3 Principles relating to the fungibility of emission reductions
4.3.1 Real
4.3.2 Additionality
4.3.3 Quantifiable
4.3.4 Permanence
4.3.5 Environmental effectiveness
4.3.6 Enforceable
4.3.7 Economic efficiency
4.4 Principles relating to equity and relationship with stakeholders
4.4.1 Equity
4.4.2 Transparency
4.4.3 Political acceptability
4.4.4 Consistency with IPCC Guidelines
5 Defining the CCS system and boundaries
5.1 General
5.2 Spatial boundaries
5.2.1 Overview
5.2.2 CCS Project
5.2.3 Capture system boundaries
5.2.4 Transportation system boundaries
5.2.5 Storage system boundaries
5.2.6 Geological storage complex
5.2.7 Wells
5.2.8 Surface equipment
5.2.9 Life cycle assessment (LCA) boundaries
5.2.10 Reference to baseline scenario
5.3 Temporal boundaries
5.4 Use of boundaries for Quantification
5.4.1 Importance of Quantification and verification
5.4.2 Leakage and risk consideration
6 Quantification methodologies
6.1 General
6.2 Key elements of GHG accounting approaches for CCS
6.2.1 Overview
6.2.2 Program purpose and type
6.2.3 Scope
6.2.4 Emission quantification methods
6.3 Sources and emissions identified in CCS systems
6.3.1 Overview
6.3.2 Capture system
6.3.3 Transportation system
6.3.4 Storage system
6.3.5 Other emissions
6.4 Case studies
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 Case study 1: UNFCCC National inventories — Inventory accounting
6.4.3 Case study 2: ISO 14064‑2 and CDM — Baseline emission reduction credit accounting
6.4.4 Case study 3: EU ETS — Cap and trade accounting
6.4.5 Case study 4: Alberta CCS protocol — Baseline emission reduction credit accounting
6.4.6 Case Study 5: Alberta EOR protocol — Baseline emission reduction credit accounting
6.4.7 Case study 6: US GHG reporting — Inventory accounting
6.4.8 Case study 7: LCA
6.5 Discussion — Key commonalities, differences and noteworthy issues
6.5.1 Key differences
6.5.2 Issues for further consideration
7 Measurement and monitoring
7.1 General
7.2 Purpose
7.3 Review of monitoring for ccs
7.4 Measurement and monitoring in CCS systems
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 CCS projects
7.4.3 Capture system
7.4.4 Transportation system
7.4.5 Storage system
7.4.6 Impurities
7.4.7 LCA approaches
8 Environmental impacts of CCS other than GHG capture/emission
8.1 Objectives
8.2 Definition of EIA and LCA
8.3 LCA methodological framework
8.4 Key features of LCA for CCS
9 Data management, reporting and verification
9.1 General
9.2 Data management
9.3 Reporting
9.4 Verification
9.4.1 Background
9.4.2 Verification planning
9.4.3 Assessment of the GHG data, information and controls
9.4.4 Conclusion and reporting of the verification process
9.4.5 Verification records
9.4.6 Competency of verification teams
10 Conclusions
Bibliography