ISO 23655-2:2022
Water quality — Nickel-59 and nickel-63 — Part 2: Test method using ICP-MS
This document specifies the determination of nickel-59 and nickel-63 (59Ni and 63Ni) activity concentration in samples of all types of water using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Using currently available ICP-MS, this test method can measure 59Ni activity concentrations of 300 mBq⋅l−1 and 63Ni activity concentrations of 200 Bq⋅l−1. These values can be achieved with a sample volume of 1,0 l. Higher activity concentrations can be measured by either diluting the sample or using smaller sample aliquots or both.
NOTE These performance indicators are wholly dependent on the measurement regimes in individual laboratories; in particular, the detection limit is influenced by amount of stable nickel present.
The range of application depends on the amount of dissolved material in the water and on the performance characteristics of the measurement equipment (background count rate and counting efficiency).
It is the laboratory’s responsibility to ensure the suitability of this test method for the water samples tested.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols
4 Principle
5 Reagents
5.1 Standard solutions
5.1.1 Nickel-59 and 63Ni standards
5.1.2 Stable nickel standards
5.2 Holdback carrier
5.3 Water
5.4 Specific reagents for chemical separation
6 Equipment
6.1 Laboratory equipment for direct evaporation
6.2 Mass spectrometry vials
6.3 Measurement equipment: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
7 Sampling
8 ICP-MS setup and calibration
8.1 Background
8.2 Calibration
8.3 Mass bias
8.4 Background signal
9 Procedure
9.1 Preliminary
9.1.1 Stable element interferences content[12]
9.1.2 Iron and nickel separation
9.2 Nickel measurement solution preparation
10 Quality control
11 Expression of results
11.1 Nickel recovery
11.2 Nickel-59 activity calculation
11.3 Nickel-63 activity calculation
11.4 Uncertainties and characteristic limits[14]
11.4.1 Nickel-59 measurements
11.4.2 Nickel-63 measurements
12 Test report
Annex A (normative) Isolation and purification of nickel
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.2 Symbols
4 Principle
5 Reagents
5.1 Standard solutions
5.1.1 Nickel-59 and 63Ni standards
5.1.2 Stable nickel standards
5.2 Holdback carrier
5.3 Water
5.4 Specific reagents for chemical separation
6 Equipment
6.1 Laboratory equipment for direct evaporation
6.2 Mass spectrometry vials
6.3 Measurement equipment: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
7 Sampling
8 ICP-MS setup and calibration
8.1 Background
8.2 Calibration
8.3 Mass bias
8.4 Background signal
9 Procedure
9.1 Preliminary
9.1.1 Stable element interferences content[12]
9.1.2 Iron and nickel separation
9.2 Nickel measurement solution preparation
10 Quality control
11 Expression of results
11.1 Nickel recovery
11.2 Nickel-59 activity calculation
11.3 Nickel-63 activity calculation
11.4 Uncertainties and characteristic limits[14]
11.4.1 Nickel-59 measurements
11.4.2 Nickel-63 measurements
12 Test report
Annex A (normative) Isolation and purification of nickel
Bibliography