ISO 23070:2020
Water Reuse in Urban Areas — Guidelines for reclaimed water treatment: Design principles of a RO treatment system of municipal wastewater
This document provides guidelines for the planning and design of a reverse osmosis (RO) treatment system of municipal wastewater. This document is applicable to practitioners and authorities who intend to implement principles and decisions on RO treatment of municipal wastewater in a safe, reliable and sustainable manner. This document addresses RO treatment systems of municipal wastewater in their entirety and is applicable to any RO treatment system component.
This document provides:
— standard terms and definitions;
— a description of the system components of an RO treatment system of municipal wastewater;
— design principles of an RO treatment system of municipal wastewater;
— statements on the feed water quality and technical requirements of an RO treatment system;
— guidance for operation and maintenance of an RO treatment system;
— specific aspects for consideration and emergency response.
Design parameters and regulatory values of an RO treatment system of municipal wastewater are out of the scope of this document.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviated terms
5 Application of RO treatment systems for reclaimed water
5.1 Overview
5.2 Design considerations
5.2.1 Safety considerations
5.2.2 Stability considerations
5.2.3 Economy considerations
5.3 RO system components
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Feed water source
5.3.3 Pre-treatment unit
5.3.4 RO treatment unit
5.3.5 Auxiliary equipment
5.3.6 Post treatment unit
5.3.7 Water quality and performance monitoring system
6 Technical considerations of pre-treatments
6.1 Quality considerations of feed water
6.1.1 General water quality index
6.1.2 Silt density index
6.1.3 Organic index
6.1.4 Biological index
6.1.5 Oxidation-reduction potential
6.2 Selection of mechanical pre-treatments
6.2.1 Clarification
6.2.2 Media/Multimedia filtration
6.2.3 Activated carbon filtration
6.2.4 Microfiltration and ultrafiltration
6.2.5 Cartridge filtration
6.3 Chemical pre-treatments
6.3.1 Antiscalants
6.3.2 Chemical oxidizers for disinfection of the feed
6.3.3 Reductants
6.3.4 Non-oxidizing biocides
7 Technical and structural considerations of RO unit
7.1 Components
7.1.1 RO feed pumps
7.1.2 RO membrane modules
7.1.3 Pressure vessels
7.2 Selection of RO membranes
7.2.1 Membrane materials
7.2.2 Membrane modules
7.3 RO unit configuration
8 Operating conditions and maintenance system
8.1 Operating conditions
8.1.1 Pressure
8.1.2 Temperature
8.1.3 Feed water flow and permeate flux
8.1.4 Concentrate flow
8.1.5 pH
8.2 RO performance parameters
8.2.1 Permeate flow rate
8.2.2 Salt rejection
8.2.3 Pressure drop
8.3 Automatic chemical dosing system
8.3.1 Dosing point
8.3.2 Dosing method
8.4 Control and monitor system of RO performance
8.4.1 Instrumentation
8.4.2 Control system
8.4.3 Monitoring system
8.5 Cleaning system
8.5.1 Physical cleaning
8.5.2 Chemical cleaning
8.6 Integrity testing of RO systems
8.7 System failure
9 Post-treatment unit
10 RO concentrate management
11 Emergency response plan
Annex A (informative) Example of an RO treatment system for reclaimed water
Annex B (informative) Information of chlorine disinfection for the influent of an RO system
Annex C (informative) Maturity level of technologies applied to RO concentrate treatment
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviated terms
5 Application of RO treatment systems for reclaimed water
5.1 Overview
5.2 Design considerations
5.2.1 Safety considerations
5.2.2 Stability considerations
5.2.3 Economy considerations
5.3 RO system components
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Feed water source
5.3.3 Pre-treatment unit
5.3.4 RO treatment unit
5.3.5 Auxiliary equipment
5.3.6 Post treatment unit
5.3.7 Water quality and performance monitoring system
6 Technical considerations of pre-treatments
6.1 Quality considerations of feed water
6.1.1 General water quality index
6.1.2 Silt density index
6.1.3 Organic index
6.1.4 Biological index
6.1.5 Oxidation-reduction potential
6.2 Selection of mechanical pre-treatments
6.2.1 Clarification
6.2.2 Media/Multimedia filtration
6.2.3 Activated carbon filtration
6.2.4 Microfiltration and ultrafiltration
6.2.5 Cartridge filtration
6.3 Chemical pre-treatments
6.3.1 Antiscalants
6.3.2 Chemical oxidizers for disinfection of the feed
6.3.3 Reductants
6.3.4 Non-oxidizing biocides
7 Technical and structural considerations of RO unit
7.1 Components
7.1.1 RO feed pumps
7.1.2 RO membrane modules
7.1.3 Pressure vessels
7.2 Selection of RO membranes
7.2.1 Membrane materials
7.2.2 Membrane modules
7.3 RO unit configuration
8 Operating conditions and maintenance system
8.1 Operating conditions
8.1.1 Pressure
8.1.2 Temperature
8.1.3 Feed water flow and permeate flux
8.1.4 Concentrate flow
8.1.5 pH
8.2 RO performance parameters
8.2.1 Permeate flow rate
8.2.2 Salt rejection
8.2.3 Pressure drop
8.3 Automatic chemical dosing system
8.3.1 Dosing point
8.3.2 Dosing method
8.4 Control and monitor system of RO performance
8.4.1 Instrumentation
8.4.2 Control system
8.4.3 Monitoring system
8.5 Cleaning system
8.5.1 Physical cleaning
8.5.2 Chemical cleaning
8.6 Integrity testing of RO systems
8.7 System failure
9 Post-treatment unit
10 RO concentrate management
11 Emergency response plan
Annex A (informative) Example of an RO treatment system for reclaimed water
Annex B (informative) Information of chlorine disinfection for the influent of an RO system
Annex C (informative) Maturity level of technologies applied to RO concentrate treatment
Bibliography