ISO 21765:2020
Textiles — Determination of fabric deformability by forced mechanical distension
This document specifies a method for the automatic determination of the deformability of textile fabrics, including continuous-fibre reinforcement textiles. This method is not applicable to resin impregnated fabrics.
The method is suitable for use with fabrics such as woven or knitted fabrics, nonwovens, non-crimp fabrics, fabrics made of glass rovings or untwisted carbon filament yarns intended for reinforced composite materials. When applying the method to multi-axial non-crimp fabrics, the evaluation of the fibre orientation and gaps only incorporates the uppermost layer.
The method can be used for fabrics treated with powder binder.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Apparatus
6 Test specimen
7 Procedure
7.1 Inserting the test specimen
7.2 Specifications of the test
7.2.1 Test parameters
7.2.2 Evaluation parameters
7.3 Test procedure
8 Calculation and specification of the results
8.1 Non-crimp fabric
8.1.1 General
8.1.2 Deformation force
8.1.3 Gap width
8.1.4 Gap portion
8.1.5 Gap shape
8.1.6 Fibre-angle change
8.1.7 Undulation
8.1.8 Loop formation
8.1.9 Waviness
8.1.10 Out-of-roundness
8.2 Woven fabrics
8.2.1 Characteristic value names, symbols and units
8.2.2 Deformation force
8.2.3 Gap portion
8.2.4 Gap area
8.2.5 Gap shape
8.2.6 Fibre-angle change
8.2.7 Undulation
8.2.8 Shearing angle
8.2.9 Waviness
8.2.10 Out-of-roundness
8.2.11 Residual deformation
8.3 Knitted fabrics
8.3.1 Table with characteristic value names, symbols and units
8.3.2 Deformation force
8.3.3 Gap portion
8.3.4 Gap area
8.3.5 Gap shape
8.3.6 Waviness
8.3.7 Out-of-roundness
8.3.8 Residual deformation
8.4 Nonwovens
8.4.1 Table with characteristic value names, symbols and units
8.4.2 Deformation force
8.4.3 Anisotropy
8.4.4 Thinning-out
8.4.5 Waviness
8.4.6 Out-of-roundness
8.4.7 Residual deformation
8.5 Evaluation
9 Test report
Annex A (informative) Example images
Annex B (informative) Statistical data
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principle
5 Apparatus
6 Test specimen
7 Procedure
7.1 Inserting the test specimen
7.2 Specifications of the test
7.2.1 Test parameters
7.2.2 Evaluation parameters
7.3 Test procedure
8 Calculation and specification of the results
8.1 Non-crimp fabric
8.1.1 General
8.1.2 Deformation force
8.1.3 Gap width
8.1.4 Gap portion
8.1.5 Gap shape
8.1.6 Fibre-angle change
8.1.7 Undulation
8.1.8 Loop formation
8.1.9 Waviness
8.1.10 Out-of-roundness
8.2 Woven fabrics
8.2.1 Characteristic value names, symbols and units
8.2.2 Deformation force
8.2.3 Gap portion
8.2.4 Gap area
8.2.5 Gap shape
8.2.6 Fibre-angle change
8.2.7 Undulation
8.2.8 Shearing angle
8.2.9 Waviness
8.2.10 Out-of-roundness
8.2.11 Residual deformation
8.3 Knitted fabrics
8.3.1 Table with characteristic value names, symbols and units
8.3.2 Deformation force
8.3.3 Gap portion
8.3.4 Gap area
8.3.5 Gap shape
8.3.6 Waviness
8.3.7 Out-of-roundness
8.3.8 Residual deformation
8.4 Nonwovens
8.4.1 Table with characteristic value names, symbols and units
8.4.2 Deformation force
8.4.3 Anisotropy
8.4.4 Thinning-out
8.4.5 Waviness
8.4.6 Out-of-roundness
8.4.7 Residual deformation
8.5 Evaluation
9 Test report
Annex A (informative) Example images
Annex B (informative) Statistical data
Bibliography