ISO 14051:2011
Environmental management — Material flow cost accounting — General framework
ISO 14051:2011 provides a general framework for material flow cost accounting (MFCA). Under MFCA, the flows and stocks of materials within an organization are traced and quantified in physical units (e.g. mass, volume) and the costs associated with those material flows are also evaluated. The resulting information can act as a motivator for organizations and managers to seek opportunities to simultaneously generate financial benefits and reduce adverse environmental impacts. MFCA is applicable to any organization that uses materials and energy, regardless of their products, services, size, structure, location, and existing management and accounting systems.
MFCA can be extended to other organizations in the supply chain, both upstream and downstream, thus helping to develop an integrated approach to improving material and energy efficiency in the supply chain. This extension can be beneficial because waste generation in an organization is often driven by the nature or quality of materials provided by a supplier, or the specification of the product requested by a customer.
By definition, management accounting and environmental management accounting (EMA) focus on providing organizations with information for internal decision-making. MFCA, one of the major tools of EMA, also focuses on information for internal decision-making, and is intended to complement existing environmental management and management accounting practices. Although an organization can choose to include external costs in an MFCA analysis, external costs are outside the scope of ISO 14051:2011.
The MFCA framework presented in ISO 14051:2011 includes common terminologies, objective and principles, fundamental elements, and implementation steps. However, detailed calculation procedures or information on techniques for improving material or energy efficiency are outside the scope of ISO 14051:2011.
ISO 14051:2011 is not intended for the purpose of third party certification.
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1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Objective and principles of MFCA
4.1 Objective
4.2 Principles
4.2.1 Understanding material flow and energy use
4.2.2 Linking physical and monetary data
4.2.3 Ensuring accuracy, completeness and comparability of physical data
4.2.4 Estimating and attributing costs to material losses
5 Fundamental elements of MFCA
5.1 Quantity centre
5.2 Material balance
5.3 Cost calculation
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Cost allocation
5.3.3 Cost carryover between quantity centres
5.3.4 Cost carryover of internally recycled material
5.4 Material flow model
6 Implementation steps of MFCA
6.1 General
6.2 Involvement of management
6.3 Determination of necessary expertise
6.4 Specification of a boundary and a time period
6.5 Determination of quantity centres
6.6 Identification of inputs and outputs for each quantity centre
6.7 Quantification of the material flows in physical units
6.8 Quantification of the material flows in monetary units
6.8.1 Material costs
6.8.2 Energy costs
6.8.3 System costs
6.8.4 Waste management costs
6.9 MFCA data summary and interpretation
6.10 Communication of MFCA results
6.11 Identification and assessment of improvement opportunities
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1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Objective and principles of MFCA
4.1 Objective
4.2 Principles
4.2.1 Understanding material flow and energy use
4.2.2 Linking physical and monetary data
4.2.3 Ensuring accuracy, completeness and comparability of physical data
4.2.4 Estimating and attributing costs to material losses
5 Fundamental elements of MFCA
5.1 Quantity centre
5.2 Material balance
5.3 Cost calculation
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Cost allocation
5.3.3 Cost carryover between quantity centres
5.3.4 Cost carryover of internally recycled material
5.4 Material flow model
6 Implementation steps of MFCA
6.1 General
6.2 Involvement of management
6.3 Determination of necessary expertise
6.4 Specification of a boundary and a time period
6.5 Determination of quantity centres
6.6 Identification of inputs and outputs for each quantity centre
6.7 Quantification of the material flows in physical units
6.8 Quantification of the material flows in monetary units
6.8.1 Material costs
6.8.2 Energy costs
6.8.3 System costs
6.8.4 Waste management costs
6.9 MFCA data summary and interpretation
6.10 Communication of MFCA results
6.11 Identification and assessment of improvement opportunities