ISO 10303-11:2004
Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange — Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual
ISO 10303 specifies a language by which aspects of product data can be defined. The language is called EXPRESS. ISO 10303-11:2004 also specifies a graphical representation for a subset of the constructs in the EXPRESS language. This graphical representation is called EXPRESS-G. EXPRESS is a data specification language as defined in ISO 10303-1. It consists of language elements that allow an unambiguous data definition and specification of constraints on the data defined.
The following are within the scope of ISO 10303-11:2004:
- data types;
- constraints on instances of the data types.
The following are outside the scope of this part of ISO 10303:
- definition of database formats;
- definition of file formats;
- definition of transfer formats;
- process control;
- information processing;
- exception handling.
EXPRESS is not a programming language.
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Contents
Foreword
0 Introduction
0.1 General
0.2 Language overview
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Terms defined in ISO 10303--1
3.2 Terms defined in ISO/IEC 10646
3.3 Other terms and definitions
4 Conformance requirements
4.1 Formal specifications written in EXPRESS
4.1.1 Lexical language
4.1.2 Graphical form
4.2 Implementations of EXPRESS
4.2.1 EXPRESS language parser
4.2.2 Graphical editing tool
5 Fundamental principles
6 Language specification syntax
6.1 The syntax of the specification
6.2 Special character notation
7 Basic language elements
7.1 Character set
7.1.1 Digits
7.1.2 Letters
7.1.3 Special characters
7.1.4 Underscore
7.1.5 Whitespace
7.1.6 Remarks
7.2 Reserved words
7.2.1 Keywords
7.2.2 Reserved words which are operators
7.2.3 Built-in constants
7.2.4 Built-in functions
7.2.5 Built-in procedures
7.3 Symbols
7.4 Identifiers
7.5 Literals
7.5.1 Binary literal
7.5.2 Integer literal
7.5.3 Real literal
7.5.4 String literal
7.5.5 Logical literal
8 Data types
8.1 Simple data types
8.1.1 Number data type
8.1.2 Real data type
8.1.3 Integer data type
8.1.4 Logical data type
8.1.5 Boolean data type
8.1.6 String data type
8.1.7 Binary data type
8.2 Aggregation data types
8.2.1 Array data type
8.2.2 List data type
8.2.3 Bag data type
8.2.4 Set data type
8.2.5 Value uniqueness on aggregates
8.3 Named data types
8.3.1 Entity data type
8.3.2 Defined data type
8.4 Constructed data types
8.4.1 Enumeration data type
8.4.2 Select data type
8.5 Generalized data types
8.6 Data type usage classification
8.6.1 Instantiable data types
8.6.2 Parameter data types
8.6.3 Underlying data types
9 Declarations
9.1 Type declaration
9.2 Entity declaration
9.2.1 Attributes
9.2.2 Local rules
9.2.3 Subtypes and supertypes
9.2.4 Abstract entity data type
9.2.5 Subtype/supertype constraints
9.2.6 Implicit declarations
9.2.7 Specialization
9.3 Schema
9.4 Constant
9.5 Algorithms
9.5.1 Function
9.5.2 Procedure
9.5.3 Parameters
9.5.4 Local variables
9.6 Rule
9.7 Subtype constraints
9.7.1 Abstract supertype constraint
9.7.2 Total coverage subtypes
9.7.3 Overlapping subtypes and their specification
10 Scope and visibility
10.1 Scope rules
10.2 Visibility rules
10.3 Explicit item rules
10.3.1 Alias statement
10.3.2 Attribute
10.3.3 Constant
10.3.4 Enumeration item
10.3.5 Entity
10.3.6 Function
10.3.7 Parameter
10.3.8 Procedure
10.3.9 Query expression
10.3.10 Repeat statement
10.3.11 Rule
10.3.12 Rule label
10.3.13 Schema
10.3.14 Subtype constraint
10.3.15 Type
10.3.16 Type label
10.3.17 Variable
11 Interface specification
11.1 Use interface specification
11.2 Reference interface specification
11.3 The interaction of use and reference
11.4 Implicit interfaces
11.4.1 Constant interfaces
11.4.2 Defined data type interfaces
11.4.3 Entity data type interfaces
11.4.4 Function interfaces
11.4.5 Procedure interfaces
11.4.6 Rule interfaces
11.4.7 Subtype constraint interfaces
12 Expression
12.1 Arithmetic operators
12.2 Relational operators
12.2.1 Value comparison operators
12.2.2 Instance comparison operators
12.2.3 Membership operator
12.2.4 Interval expressions
12.2.5 Like operator
12.3 Binary operators
12.3.1 Binary indexing
12.3.2 Binary concatenation operator
12.4 Logical operators
12.4.1 NOT operator
12.4.2 AND operator
12.4.3 OR operator
12.4.4 XOR operator
12.5 String operators
12.5.1 String indexing
12.5.2 String concatenation operator
12.6 Aggregate operators
12.6.1 Aggregate indexing
12.6.2 Intersection operator
12.6.3 Union operator
12.6.4 Difference operator
12.6.5 Subset operator
12.6.6 Superset operator
12.6.7 Query expression
12.7 References
12.7.1 Simple references
12.7.2 Prefixed references
12.7.3 Attribute references
12.7.4 Group references
12.8 Function call
12.9 Aggregate initializer
12.10 Complex entity instance construction operator
12.11 Type compatibility
12.12 Select data types in expressions
12.12.1 Select data types in unary expressions
12.12.2 Select data types in binary expressions
12.12.3 Select data types in ternary expressions
13 Executable statements
13.1 Null (statement)
13.2 Alias statement
13.3 Assignment
13.3.1 Assignment statement
13.3.2 Assignment compatibility
13.4 Case statement
13.5 Compound statement
13.6 Escape statement
13.7 If …Then …Else statement
13.8 Procedure call statement
13.9 Repeat statement
13.9.1 Increment control
13.9.2 While control
13.9.3 Until control
13.10 Return statement
13.11 Skip statement
14 Built-in constants
14.1 Constant e
14.2 Indeterminate
14.3 False
14.4 Pi
14.5 Self
14.6 True
14.7 Unknown
15 Built-in functions
15.1 Abs - arithmetic function
15.2 ACos - arithmetic function
15.3 ASin - arithmetic function
15.4 ATan - arithmetic function
15.5 BLength - binary function
15.6 Cos - arithmetic function
15.7 Exists - general function
15.8 Exp - arithmetic function
15.9 Format - general function
15.9.1 Symbolic representation
15.9.2 Picture representation
15.9.3 Standard representation
15.10 HiBound - arithmetic function
15.11 HiIndex - arithmetic function
15.12 Length - string function
15.13 LoBound - arithmetic function
15.14 Log - arithmetic function
15.15 Log2 - arithmetic function
15.16 Log10 - arithmetic function
15.17 LoIndex - arithmetic function
15.18 NVL - null value function
15.19 Odd - arithmetic function
15.20 RolesOf - general function
15.21 Sin - arithmetic function
15.22 SizeOf - aggregate function
15.23 Sqrt - arithmetic function
15.24 Tan - arithmetic function
15.25 TypeOf - general function
15.26 UsedIn - general function
15.27 Value - arithmetic function
15.28 Value_in - membership function
15.29 Value_unique - uniqueness function
16 Built-in procedures
16.1 Insert
16.2 Remove
Annex A (normative) EXPRESS language syntax
A.1 Tokens
A.1.1 Keywords
A.1.2 Character classes
A.1.3 Lexical elements
A.1.4 Remarks
A.1.5 Interpreted identifiers
A.2 Grammar rules
A.3 Cross reference listing
Annex B (normative) Determination of the allowed entity instantiations
B.1 Formal approach
B.2 Supertype and subtype constraint operators
B.2.1 OneOf
B.2.2 And
B.2.3 AndOr
B.2.4 Precedence of operators
B.3 Interpreting the possible complex entity data types
Annex C (normative) Instance limits imposed by the interface specification
Annex D (normative) EXPRESS-G: A graphical subset of EXPRESS
D.1 Introduction and overview
D.2 Definition symbols
D.2.1 Symbol for simple data types
D.2.2 Symbols for constructed data types
D.2.3 Symbols for defined data types
D.2.4 Symbols for entity data types
D.2.5 Symbols for subtype_constraints
D.2.6 Symbols for functions and procedures
D.2.7 Symbols for rules
D.2.8 Symbols for schemas
D.3 Relationship symbols
D.4 Composition symbols
D.4.1 Page references
D.4.2 Inter-schema references
D.5 Entity level diagrams
D.5.1 Role names
D.5.2 Cardinalities
D.5.3 Constraints
D.5.4 Constructed and defined data types
D.5.5 Entity data types
D.5.6 Inter-schema references
D.6 Schema level diagrams
D.7 Complete EXPRESS-G diagrams
D.7.1 Complete entity level diagram
D.7.2 Complete schema level diagram
Annex E (normative) Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS)
E.1 EXPRESS language parser
E.2 EXPRESS-G editing tool
Annex F (normative) Information object registration
F.1 Document identification
F.2 Syntax identification
Annex G (normative) Generating a single schema from multiple schemas
G.1 Introduction
G.2 Fundamental concepts
G.3 Name munging
G.3.1 Name clashes
G.3.2 Identifiers as strings
G.4 Stage 1: multi-schema to intermediate schema conversion
G.4.1 Introduction
G.4.2 Primary population
G.4.3 Secondary population
G.4.4 Prune
G.4.5 Schema names and versions
G.5 Stage 2: convert intermediate schema to ISO 10303-11:1994
G.5.1 Introduction
G.5.2 Initialisation
G.5.3 Conversion of extensible constructed data types
G.5.4 Conversion of subtype constraints
G.5.5 Conversion of abstract entity and generalized types
G.5.6 Conversion of attributes renamed in a redeclaration
Annex H (informative) Relationships
H.1 Relationships via attributes
H.1.1 Simple relationship
H.1.2 Collective relationship
H.1.3 Distributive relationship
H.1.4 Inverse attribute
H.2 Subtype/supertype relationships
Annex J (informative) EXPRESS models for EXPRESS-G illustrative examples
J.1 Example single schema model
J.2 Relationship sampler
J.3 Simple subtype/supertype tree
J.4 Attribute redeclaration
J.5 Multi-schema models
Annex K (informative) Deprecated features of EXPRESS
Annex L (informative) Examples of the new EXPRESS constructs
L.1 Product management example
Bibliography
Index
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Contents
Foreword
0 Introduction
0.1 General
0.2 Language overview
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Terms defined in ISO 10303--1
3.2 Terms defined in ISO/IEC 10646
3.3 Other terms and definitions
4 Conformance requirements
4.1 Formal specifications written in EXPRESS
4.1.1 Lexical language
4.1.2 Graphical form
4.2 Implementations of EXPRESS
4.2.1 EXPRESS language parser
4.2.2 Graphical editing tool
5 Fundamental principles
6 Language specification syntax
6.1 The syntax of the specification
6.2 Special character notation
7 Basic language elements
7.1 Character set
7.1.1 Digits
7.1.2 Letters
7.1.3 Special characters
7.1.4 Underscore
7.1.5 Whitespace
7.1.6 Remarks
7.2 Reserved words
7.2.1 Keywords
7.2.2 Reserved words which are operators
7.2.3 Built-in constants
7.2.4 Built-in functions
7.2.5 Built-in procedures
7.3 Symbols
7.4 Identifiers
7.5 Literals
7.5.1 Binary literal
7.5.2 Integer literal
7.5.3 Real literal
7.5.4 String literal
7.5.5 Logical literal
8 Data types
8.1 Simple data types
8.1.1 Number data type
8.1.2 Real data type
8.1.3 Integer data type
8.1.4 Logical data type
8.1.5 Boolean data type
8.1.6 String data type
8.1.7 Binary data type
8.2 Aggregation data types
8.2.1 Array data type
8.2.2 List data type
8.2.3 Bag data type
8.2.4 Set data type
8.2.5 Value uniqueness on aggregates
8.3 Named data types
8.3.1 Entity data type
8.3.2 Defined data type
8.4 Constructed data types
8.4.1 Enumeration data type
8.4.2 Select data type
8.5 Generalized data types
8.6 Data type usage classification
8.6.1 Instantiable data types
8.6.2 Parameter data types
8.6.3 Underlying data types
9 Declarations
9.1 Type declaration
9.2 Entity declaration
9.2.1 Attributes
9.2.2 Local rules
9.2.3 Subtypes and supertypes
9.2.4 Abstract entity data type
9.2.5 Subtype/supertype constraints
9.2.6 Implicit declarations
9.2.7 Specialization
9.3 Schema
9.4 Constant
9.5 Algorithms
9.5.1 Function
9.5.2 Procedure
9.5.3 Parameters
9.5.4 Local variables
9.6 Rule
9.7 Subtype constraints
9.7.1 Abstract supertype constraint
9.7.2 Total coverage subtypes
9.7.3 Overlapping subtypes and their specification
10 Scope and visibility
10.1 Scope rules
10.2 Visibility rules
10.3 Explicit item rules
10.3.1 Alias statement
10.3.2 Attribute
10.3.3 Constant
10.3.4 Enumeration item
10.3.5 Entity
10.3.6 Function
10.3.7 Parameter
10.3.8 Procedure
10.3.9 Query expression
10.3.10 Repeat statement
10.3.11 Rule
10.3.12 Rule label
10.3.13 Schema
10.3.14 Subtype constraint
10.3.15 Type
10.3.16 Type label
10.3.17 Variable
11 Interface specification
11.1 Use interface specification
11.2 Reference interface specification
11.3 The interaction of use and reference
11.4 Implicit interfaces
11.4.1 Constant interfaces
11.4.2 Defined data type interfaces
11.4.3 Entity data type interfaces
11.4.4 Function interfaces
11.4.5 Procedure interfaces
11.4.6 Rule interfaces
11.4.7 Subtype constraint interfaces
12 Expression
12.1 Arithmetic operators
12.2 Relational operators
12.2.1 Value comparison operators
12.2.2 Instance comparison operators
12.2.3 Membership operator
12.2.4 Interval expressions
12.2.5 Like operator
12.3 Binary operators
12.3.1 Binary indexing
12.3.2 Binary concatenation operator
12.4 Logical operators
12.4.1 NOT operator
12.4.2 AND operator
12.4.3 OR operator
12.4.4 XOR operator
12.5 String operators
12.5.1 String indexing
12.5.2 String concatenation operator
12.6 Aggregate operators
12.6.1 Aggregate indexing
12.6.2 Intersection operator
12.6.3 Union operator
12.6.4 Difference operator
12.6.5 Subset operator
12.6.6 Superset operator
12.6.7 Query expression
12.7 References
12.7.1 Simple references
12.7.2 Prefixed references
12.7.3 Attribute references
12.7.4 Group references
12.8 Function call
12.9 Aggregate initializer
12.10 Complex entity instance construction operator
12.11 Type compatibility
12.12 Select data types in expressions
12.12.1 Select data types in unary expressions
12.12.2 Select data types in binary expressions
12.12.3 Select data types in ternary expressions
13 Executable statements
13.1 Null (statement)
13.2 Alias statement
13.3 Assignment
13.3.1 Assignment statement
13.3.2 Assignment compatibility
13.4 Case statement
13.5 Compound statement
13.6 Escape statement
13.7 If …Then …Else statement
13.8 Procedure call statement
13.9 Repeat statement
13.9.1 Increment control
13.9.2 While control
13.9.3 Until control
13.10 Return statement
13.11 Skip statement
14 Built-in constants
14.1 Constant e
14.2 Indeterminate
14.3 False
14.4 Pi
14.5 Self
14.6 True
14.7 Unknown
15 Built-in functions
15.1 Abs - arithmetic function
15.2 ACos - arithmetic function
15.3 ASin - arithmetic function
15.4 ATan - arithmetic function
15.5 BLength - binary function
15.6 Cos - arithmetic function
15.7 Exists - general function
15.8 Exp - arithmetic function
15.9 Format - general function
15.9.1 Symbolic representation
15.9.2 Picture representation
15.9.3 Standard representation
15.10 HiBound - arithmetic function
15.11 HiIndex - arithmetic function
15.12 Length - string function
15.13 LoBound - arithmetic function
15.14 Log - arithmetic function
15.15 Log2 - arithmetic function
15.16 Log10 - arithmetic function
15.17 LoIndex - arithmetic function
15.18 NVL - null value function
15.19 Odd - arithmetic function
15.20 RolesOf - general function
15.21 Sin - arithmetic function
15.22 SizeOf - aggregate function
15.23 Sqrt - arithmetic function
15.24 Tan - arithmetic function
15.25 TypeOf - general function
15.26 UsedIn - general function
15.27 Value - arithmetic function
15.28 Value_in - membership function
15.29 Value_unique - uniqueness function
16 Built-in procedures
16.1 Insert
16.2 Remove
Annex A (normative) EXPRESS language syntax
A.1 Tokens
A.1.1 Keywords
A.1.2 Character classes
A.1.3 Lexical elements
A.1.4 Remarks
A.1.5 Interpreted identifiers
A.2 Grammar rules
A.3 Cross reference listing
Annex B (normative) Determination of the allowed entity instantiations
B.1 Formal approach
B.2 Supertype and subtype constraint operators
B.2.1 OneOf
B.2.2 And
B.2.3 AndOr
B.2.4 Precedence of operators
B.3 Interpreting the possible complex entity data types
Annex C (normative) Instance limits imposed by the interface specification
Annex D (normative) EXPRESS-G: A graphical subset of EXPRESS
D.1 Introduction and overview
D.2 Definition symbols
D.2.1 Symbol for simple data types
D.2.2 Symbols for constructed data types
D.2.3 Symbols for defined data types
D.2.4 Symbols for entity data types
D.2.5 Symbols for subtype_constraints
D.2.6 Symbols for functions and procedures
D.2.7 Symbols for rules
D.2.8 Symbols for schemas
D.3 Relationship symbols
D.4 Composition symbols
D.4.1 Page references
D.4.2 Inter-schema references
D.5 Entity level diagrams
D.5.1 Role names
D.5.2 Cardinalities
D.5.3 Constraints
D.5.4 Constructed and defined data types
D.5.5 Entity data types
D.5.6 Inter-schema references
D.6 Schema level diagrams
D.7 Complete EXPRESS-G diagrams
D.7.1 Complete entity level diagram
D.7.2 Complete schema level diagram
Annex E (normative) Protocol implementation conformance statement (PICS)
E.1 EXPRESS language parser
E.2 EXPRESS-G editing tool
Annex F (normative) Information object registration
F.1 Document identification
F.2 Syntax identification
Annex G (normative) Generating a single schema from multiple schemas
G.1 Introduction
G.2 Fundamental concepts
G.3 Name munging
G.3.1 Name clashes
G.3.2 Identifiers as strings
G.4 Stage 1: multi-schema to intermediate schema conversion
G.4.1 Introduction
G.4.2 Primary population
G.4.3 Secondary population
G.4.4 Prune
G.4.5 Schema names and versions
G.5 Stage 2: convert intermediate schema to ISO 10303-11:1994
G.5.1 Introduction
G.5.2 Initialisation
G.5.3 Conversion of extensible constructed data types
G.5.4 Conversion of subtype constraints
G.5.5 Conversion of abstract entity and generalized types
G.5.6 Conversion of attributes renamed in a redeclaration
Annex H (informative) Relationships
H.1 Relationships via attributes
H.1.1 Simple relationship
H.1.2 Collective relationship
H.1.3 Distributive relationship
H.1.4 Inverse attribute
H.2 Subtype/supertype relationships
Annex J (informative) EXPRESS models for EXPRESS-G illustrative examples
J.1 Example single schema model
J.2 Relationship sampler
J.3 Simple subtype/supertype tree
J.4 Attribute redeclaration
J.5 Multi-schema models
Annex K (informative) Deprecated features of EXPRESS
Annex L (informative) Examples of the new EXPRESS constructs
L.1 Product management example
Bibliography
Index