AS/NZS ISO 14289.2:2025
Document management applications – Electronic document file format enhancement for accessibility, Part 2: Use of ISO 32000-2 (PDF/UA-2)
The objective of this document is to specify how to use the Portable Document Format (PDF) specified in ISO 32000‑2 to construct accessible digital documents using PDF technology.
This document does not specify —
- processes for converting paper or electronic documents to the PDF/UA format;
- technical design, user interface, implementation, or operational details of presentation;
- physical methods of storing these documents such as media and storage conditions;
- required computer hardware and/or operating systems;
- requirements specific to content (beyond facilitating programmatic access and textual representation);
- requirements applying to specific classes (e.g. invoices, reports, etc.) of documents.
This document is identical to, and has been reproduced from, ISO 14289‑2:2024, Document management applications — Electronic document file format enhancement for accessibility — Part 2: Use of ISO 32000‑2 (PDF/UA-2).
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AS/NZS ISO 14289.2:2025
SA/SNZ - Cover page
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Notation
5 Version identification
6 Conformity requirements
6.1 General
6.2 Conforming files
7 Accessible PDF
7.1 Principles
7.2 Using other standards in the PDF/UA context
7.2.1 Accessibility standards
7.2.2 Declarations
7.2.3 Other PDF subset standards
8 File format requirements
8.1 General
8.2 Logical structure
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Real content
8.2.3 Logical content order
8.2.4 Structure types
8.2.5 Additional requirements for specific structure types
8.2.6 Structure attributes
8.3 Artifacts
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Use of the Artifact structure element
8.4 Text representation for content
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Unicode mapping in tagged PDF
8.4.3 Replacements and alternatives for text
8.4.4 Declaring natural language
8.4.5 Fonts
8.5 Real content without textual semantics
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Use of ActualText
8.6 Text string objects
8.7 Optional content
8.8 Intra-document destinations
8.9 Annotations
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Semantics and content
8.9.3 Order
8.9.4 Alternative descriptions
8.10 Forms
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Context
8.10.3 Fields
8.10.4 Non-interactive forms
8.11 Metadata
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Interactive aspects
8.12 Navigation
8.12.1 General
8.12.2 Outlines
8.12.3 Page labels
8.12.4 Article threads
8.13 Actions
8.13.1 General
8.13.2 ECMAScript actions
8.13.3 URI actions
8.14 Use of embedded files
8.14.1 Descriptions for embedded files
8.14.2 Use of associated files
Annex A (informative) Example PDF Declaration
Annex B (informative) Examples of attribute usage
Bibliography
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AS/NZS ISO 14289.2:2025
SA/SNZ - Cover page
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Notation
5 Version identification
6 Conformity requirements
6.1 General
6.2 Conforming files
7 Accessible PDF
7.1 Principles
7.2 Using other standards in the PDF/UA context
7.2.1 Accessibility standards
7.2.2 Declarations
7.2.3 Other PDF subset standards
8 File format requirements
8.1 General
8.2 Logical structure
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Real content
8.2.3 Logical content order
8.2.4 Structure types
8.2.5 Additional requirements for specific structure types
8.2.6 Structure attributes
8.3 Artifacts
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Use of the Artifact structure element
8.4 Text representation for content
8.4.1 General
8.4.2 Unicode mapping in tagged PDF
8.4.3 Replacements and alternatives for text
8.4.4 Declaring natural language
8.4.5 Fonts
8.5 Real content without textual semantics
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Use of ActualText
8.6 Text string objects
8.7 Optional content
8.8 Intra-document destinations
8.9 Annotations
8.9.1 General
8.9.2 Semantics and content
8.9.3 Order
8.9.4 Alternative descriptions
8.10 Forms
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Context
8.10.3 Fields
8.10.4 Non-interactive forms
8.11 Metadata
8.11.1 General
8.11.2 Interactive aspects
8.12 Navigation
8.12.1 General
8.12.2 Outlines
8.12.3 Page labels
8.12.4 Article threads
8.13 Actions
8.13.1 General
8.13.2 ECMAScript actions
8.13.3 URI actions
8.14 Use of embedded files
8.14.1 Descriptions for embedded files
8.14.2 Use of associated files
Annex A (informative) Example PDF Declaration
Annex B (informative) Examples of attribute usage
Bibliography
AS/NZS ISO 14289.2:2025
Online Library subscription information
Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.