AS/NZS 4146:2000
Laundry practice
Specifies general laundry practice requirements and recommendations for commercial, industrial, hospital, institutional, on-premise and coin-operated laundries as well as minimum performance requirements which should be attained in order to provide an acceptable level of service.
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AS/NZS 4146:2000 LAUNDRY PRACTICE
PREFACE
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 OBJECTIVE
1.3 REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
1.3.1 Referenced documents
1.3.2 Related documents
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.4.1 Alkali
1.4.2 Bleaching
1.4.3 Breaking force
1.4.4 Break-wash
1.4.5 Chemical damage
1.4.6 Clean (linen)
1.4.7 Clean (non-linen)
1.4.8 Conditioning
1.4.9 Continuous batch washer
1.4.10 Dip
1.4.11 Disinfection
1.4.12 Dryer tumbler
1.4.13 Dryfold
1.4.14 Enzyme
1.4.15 Extraction
1.4.16 Feeders
1.4.17 Finish/finishing
1.4.18 Finishing tunnel
1.4.19 Fluidity
1.4.20 Folder
1.4.21 Gall marking
1.4.22 Hydro-extractor
1.4.23 Incineration residue (ash)
1.4.24 Ironer (calender)
1.4.25 Linen
1.4.26 Mechanical wear
1.4.27 Membrane press
1.4.28 Press
1.4.29 Process, laundry
1.4.30 Rinsing
1.4.31 Shall
1.4.32 Sharps
1.4.33 Should
1.4.34 Souring
1.4.35 Starching
1.4.36 Total wear
1.4.37 Wash
1.4.38 Washer-extractor
1.4.39 Washing compound
1.4.40 Washing machine
SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LAUNDRIES
2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
2.2 FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT
2.2.1 Facilities
2.2.2 Laundry management system
2.2.3 Specific safety issues
2.3 LAUNDRY TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
2.3.1 Transport vehicles
2.3.2 Laundry bags
2.3.3 Mobile trolleys
2.3.4 Other types of transportation
2.4 COLLECTION, LOADING, STORAGE AND SORTING OF LINEN
2.4.1 Preparation of soiled linen for collection
2.4.2 Collection/delivery of soiled/cleaned linen
2.4.3 Unloading and storage of soiled linen at laundry premises
2.4.4 Sorting of soiled linen
2.5 LAUNDRY OPERATION
2.5.1 Good laundry practice
2.5.2 Performance evaluation
2.5.3 Performance indicators after single wash
2.5.4 Performance indicators after multiple washes
2.6 STORAGE AND PACKAGING OF CLEANED LINEN
2.6.1 Storage of cleaned linen
2.6.2 Packing cleaned linen
SECTION 3 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
3.2 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
3.3 OPERATING THEATRE LINEN
3.4 SPECIFIC LAUNDERING
3.4.1 Wool blankets
3.4.2 Sheepskins
3.4.3 Dust control mats
3.5 DISINFECTION
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Thermal
3.5.3 Chemical disinfection
3.6 RECORDS
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Wash formula records
3.6.3 Monitoring records
3.6.4 Test reports
APPENDIX A - LAUNDERING CONSIDERATIONS
A1 SCOPE
A2 GENERAL
A2.1 Introduction
A2.2 Types of soil
A2.3 Soil removal
A2.4 Care of textiles
A2.5 Parameters in laundering
A3 SUGGESTED WASH FORMULAE
A3.1 Introduction
A3.2 Basic wash formulae for polyester/cotton textiles
A3.3 Wash formulae for cotton sheets and towels
A3.4 Wash formula for absorbent products used by incontinent patients
A3.5 Wash formulae for foul linen cotton
APPENDIX B - GUIDE TO STAIN REMOVAL
B1 SCOPE
B2 INTRODUCTION
B3 STAIN REMOVAL
B4 GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR STAINS OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN
B5 TYPES OF STAINS AND THEIR REMOVAL
B5.1 Age
B5.2 Albumin
B5.3 Alkali
B5.4 Argyrol and silver nitrate
B5.5 Asphalt
B5.6 Beer
B5.7 Blood
B5.8 Butter or margarine
B5.9 Carbon paper
B5.10 Chewing gum
B5.11 Chromic acid
B5.12 Coffee, cocoa and chocolate
B5.13 Concrete
B5.14 Crayon
B5.15 Cream and ice cream
B5.16 Dye and contact dye
B5.17 Egg
B5.18 Felt-tipped marker
B5.19 Floor wax (liquid)
B5.20 Floor wax (paste)
B5.21 Food dye
B5.22 Fruit stain
B5.23 Glue
B5.24 Grass
B5.25 Grease
B5.26 Indelible pencil
B5.27 Ink
B5.28 Iodine
B5.29 Iron (rust)
B5.30 Leather
B5.31 Lipstick and makeup
B5.32 Matches, safety
B5.33 Medicinal
B5.34 Mildew
B5.35 Milk
B5.36 Mud
B5.37 Mustard
B5.38 Nail polish
B5.39 Oil, motor
B5.40 Paint, oil base or latex
B5.41 Paraffin
B5.42 Perspiration
B5.43 Resin
B5.44 Sauce, tomato
B5.45 Scorch
B5.46 Shoe polish
B5.47 Silver nitrate
B5.48 Silver stains
B5.49 Syrup
B5.50 Tannin
B5.51 Tar
B5.52 Tea
B5.53 Tobacco
B5.54 Tobacco (residue from pipes)
B5.55 Typewriter ink
B5.56 Urine
B5.57 Vomit
B5.58 Wine
APPENDIX C - DEGREE OF WHITENESS, INTRINSIC GREYING, INTRINSIC YELLOWING AND PERCENTAGE SOIL REMOVAL OF SOILED TEST STRIPS....
C1 SCOPE
C2 PRINCIPLE
C3 APPARATUS
C4 TEST SPECIMENS
C4.1 EMPA* Standard soiled test strips
C5 PROCEDURE
C5.1 General
C5.2 Laundering test specimens
C5.3 Spectrophotometer or Reflectometer value determinations
C5.4 Calculation and expression of results
C6 REPORT
APPENDIX D - DEGREE OF WHITENESS, INTRINSIC GREYING AND INTRINSIC YELLOWING AFTER 50 WASH/DRY CYCLES
D1 SCOPE
D2 PRINCIPLE
D3 APPARATUS
D4 TEST SPECIMENS
D4.1 General
D4.2 Number and marking
D4.3 Dimensions
D4.4 Control test specimen
D4.5 Laundered test specimens
D5 PROCEDURE
D6 REPORT
APPENDIX E - OVERALL DECREASE IN BREAKING FORCE (TOTAL WEAR)
E1 SCOPE
E2 PRINCIPLE
E3 APPARATUS
E4 TEST SPECIMENS
E4.1 General
E4.2 Selection and preparation
E4.3 Dimensions
E5 PROCEDURE
E6 REPORT
APPENDIX F - CHEMICAL WEAR
F1 SCOPE
F2 PRINCIPLE
F3 APPARATUS
F4 TEST SPECIMENS
F4.1 General
F4.2 Chemical wear test specimens
F5 PROCEDURE
F6 REPORT
APPENDIX G - DETERMINATION OF THE RESIDUAL ASH ON INCINERATION OF AN UNSOILED FABRIC
G1 SCOPE
G2 PRINCIPLE
G3 APPARATUS
G4 TEST SPECIMENS
G4.1 General
G4.2 Number of test specimens
G5 PROCEDURE
G6 REPORT
APPENDIX H - WASH FORMULAE
H1 SCOPE
H2 DISINFECTION
H3 CERTAIN WOOL BLANKETS
H4 SHEEPSKINS
APPENDIX I - CHEMICAL SAFETY
I1 SCOPE
I2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
I3 SPECIFIC PRECAUTIONS
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AS/NZS 4146:2000 LAUNDRY PRACTICE
PREFACE
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 OBJECTIVE
1.3 REFERENCED AND RELATED DOCUMENTS
1.3.1 Referenced documents
1.3.2 Related documents
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.4.1 Alkali
1.4.2 Bleaching
1.4.3 Breaking force
1.4.4 Break-wash
1.4.5 Chemical damage
1.4.6 Clean (linen)
1.4.7 Clean (non-linen)
1.4.8 Conditioning
1.4.9 Continuous batch washer
1.4.10 Dip
1.4.11 Disinfection
1.4.12 Dryer tumbler
1.4.13 Dryfold
1.4.14 Enzyme
1.4.15 Extraction
1.4.16 Feeders
1.4.17 Finish/finishing
1.4.18 Finishing tunnel
1.4.19 Fluidity
1.4.20 Folder
1.4.21 Gall marking
1.4.22 Hydro-extractor
1.4.23 Incineration residue (ash)
1.4.24 Ironer (calender)
1.4.25 Linen
1.4.26 Mechanical wear
1.4.27 Membrane press
1.4.28 Press
1.4.29 Process, laundry
1.4.30 Rinsing
1.4.31 Shall
1.4.32 Sharps
1.4.33 Should
1.4.34 Souring
1.4.35 Starching
1.4.36 Total wear
1.4.37 Wash
1.4.38 Washer-extractor
1.4.39 Washing compound
1.4.40 Washing machine
SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LAUNDRIES
2.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
2.2 FACILITIES AND MANAGEMENT
2.2.1 Facilities
2.2.2 Laundry management system
2.2.3 Specific safety issues
2.3 LAUNDRY TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
2.3.1 Transport vehicles
2.3.2 Laundry bags
2.3.3 Mobile trolleys
2.3.4 Other types of transportation
2.4 COLLECTION, LOADING, STORAGE AND SORTING OF LINEN
2.4.1 Preparation of soiled linen for collection
2.4.2 Collection/delivery of soiled/cleaned linen
2.4.3 Unloading and storage of soiled linen at laundry premises
2.4.4 Sorting of soiled linen
2.5 LAUNDRY OPERATION
2.5.1 Good laundry practice
2.5.2 Performance evaluation
2.5.3 Performance indicators after single wash
2.5.4 Performance indicators after multiple washes
2.6 STORAGE AND PACKAGING OF CLEANED LINEN
2.6.1 Storage of cleaned linen
2.6.2 Packing cleaned linen
SECTION 3 MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
3.2 STATUTORY REQUIREMENTS
3.3 OPERATING THEATRE LINEN
3.4 SPECIFIC LAUNDERING
3.4.1 Wool blankets
3.4.2 Sheepskins
3.4.3 Dust control mats
3.5 DISINFECTION
3.5.1 General
3.5.2 Thermal
3.5.3 Chemical disinfection
3.6 RECORDS
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 Wash formula records
3.6.3 Monitoring records
3.6.4 Test reports
APPENDIX A - LAUNDERING CONSIDERATIONS
A1 SCOPE
A2 GENERAL
A2.1 Introduction
A2.2 Types of soil
A2.3 Soil removal
A2.4 Care of textiles
A2.5 Parameters in laundering
A3 SUGGESTED WASH FORMULAE
A3.1 Introduction
A3.2 Basic wash formulae for polyester/cotton textiles
A3.3 Wash formulae for cotton sheets and towels
A3.4 Wash formula for absorbent products used by incontinent patients
A3.5 Wash formulae for foul linen cotton
APPENDIX B - GUIDE TO STAIN REMOVAL
B1 SCOPE
B2 INTRODUCTION
B3 STAIN REMOVAL
B4 GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR STAINS OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN
B5 TYPES OF STAINS AND THEIR REMOVAL
B5.1 Age
B5.2 Albumin
B5.3 Alkali
B5.4 Argyrol and silver nitrate
B5.5 Asphalt
B5.6 Beer
B5.7 Blood
B5.8 Butter or margarine
B5.9 Carbon paper
B5.10 Chewing gum
B5.11 Chromic acid
B5.12 Coffee, cocoa and chocolate
B5.13 Concrete
B5.14 Crayon
B5.15 Cream and ice cream
B5.16 Dye and contact dye
B5.17 Egg
B5.18 Felt-tipped marker
B5.19 Floor wax (liquid)
B5.20 Floor wax (paste)
B5.21 Food dye
B5.22 Fruit stain
B5.23 Glue
B5.24 Grass
B5.25 Grease
B5.26 Indelible pencil
B5.27 Ink
B5.28 Iodine
B5.29 Iron (rust)
B5.30 Leather
B5.31 Lipstick and makeup
B5.32 Matches, safety
B5.33 Medicinal
B5.34 Mildew
B5.35 Milk
B5.36 Mud
B5.37 Mustard
B5.38 Nail polish
B5.39 Oil, motor
B5.40 Paint, oil base or latex
B5.41 Paraffin
B5.42 Perspiration
B5.43 Resin
B5.44 Sauce, tomato
B5.45 Scorch
B5.46 Shoe polish
B5.47 Silver nitrate
B5.48 Silver stains
B5.49 Syrup
B5.50 Tannin
B5.51 Tar
B5.52 Tea
B5.53 Tobacco
B5.54 Tobacco (residue from pipes)
B5.55 Typewriter ink
B5.56 Urine
B5.57 Vomit
B5.58 Wine
APPENDIX C - DEGREE OF WHITENESS, INTRINSIC GREYING, INTRINSIC YELLOWING AND PERCENTAGE SOIL REMOVAL OF SOILED TEST STRIPS....
C1 SCOPE
C2 PRINCIPLE
C3 APPARATUS
C4 TEST SPECIMENS
C4.1 EMPA* Standard soiled test strips
C5 PROCEDURE
C5.1 General
C5.2 Laundering test specimens
C5.3 Spectrophotometer or Reflectometer value determinations
C5.4 Calculation and expression of results
C6 REPORT
APPENDIX D - DEGREE OF WHITENESS, INTRINSIC GREYING AND INTRINSIC YELLOWING AFTER 50 WASH/DRY CYCLES
D1 SCOPE
D2 PRINCIPLE
D3 APPARATUS
D4 TEST SPECIMENS
D4.1 General
D4.2 Number and marking
D4.3 Dimensions
D4.4 Control test specimen
D4.5 Laundered test specimens
D5 PROCEDURE
D6 REPORT
APPENDIX E - OVERALL DECREASE IN BREAKING FORCE (TOTAL WEAR)
E1 SCOPE
E2 PRINCIPLE
E3 APPARATUS
E4 TEST SPECIMENS
E4.1 General
E4.2 Selection and preparation
E4.3 Dimensions
E5 PROCEDURE
E6 REPORT
APPENDIX F - CHEMICAL WEAR
F1 SCOPE
F2 PRINCIPLE
F3 APPARATUS
F4 TEST SPECIMENS
F4.1 General
F4.2 Chemical wear test specimens
F5 PROCEDURE
F6 REPORT
APPENDIX G - DETERMINATION OF THE RESIDUAL ASH ON INCINERATION OF AN UNSOILED FABRIC
G1 SCOPE
G2 PRINCIPLE
G3 APPARATUS
G4 TEST SPECIMENS
G4.1 General
G4.2 Number of test specimens
G5 PROCEDURE
G6 REPORT
APPENDIX H - WASH FORMULAE
H1 SCOPE
H2 DISINFECTION
H3 CERTAIN WOOL BLANKETS
H4 SHEEPSKINS
APPENDIX I - CHEMICAL SAFETY
I1 SCOPE
I2 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
I3 SPECIFIC PRECAUTIONS