AS/NZS 3835.2:2006
Earth potential rise - Protection of telecommunications network users, personnel and plant - Application guide
Specifies recommendation and code of practice for the application of the EPR Code of practice for the protection of persons or plant prescribed in AS/NZS 3835.1.
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AS/NZS 3835.2:2006 EARTH POTENTIAL RISE-PROTECTION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK USERS, PERSONNEL AND PLANT...
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
SECTION 2 DEFINITIONS
2.1 DEFINITIONS
2.1.1 DOG
2.1.2 Earth grid voltage rise (EGVR)
SECTION 3 EPR AND GENERAL
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF EPR
3.2 SOME EPR HAZARD SITUATIONS TO CONSIDER
3.2.1 Telecommunications cables passing through a hazard zone
3.2.2 Telecommunications equipment installed inside a building which may have a hazardous EPR on its power earth
3.2.3 Voltage hazard relevant to telecommunications network
3.3 CONSIDERATION OF POWER UTILITY CONSTRUCTION PROPOSALS
SECTION 4 EPR HAZARD VOLTAGE LIMITS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 RISK OF EPR HAZARD
4.3 AUSTRALIAN EPR HAZARD VOLTAGE LIMITS
4.4 BASIS OF AUSTRALIAN EPR HAZARD VOLTAGE LIMITS
4.5 NEW ZEALAND EPR HAZARD VOLTAGE LIMITS
4.6 BASIS OF NEW ZEALAND EPR HAZARD VOLTAGE LIMITS
SECTION 5 ASSESSMENT OF EPR
5.1 EPR ASSESSMENT PROCESS
5.2 COMBINED EPR AND LFI EFFECTS
5.3 HAZARD CALCULATIONS IN SMALL INSTALLATIONS
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 EPR calculation
5.4 ELECTRODES
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Primary electrodes
5.5 ESTIMATION OF EARTH FAULT CURRENTS
5.6 SURFACE VOLTAGE GRADIENTS
5.6.1 Earth resistivity known
5.6.2 Uncertainties in earth resistivity
5.7 LIMITS FOR APPLYING THE SIMPLIFIED CALCULATIONS
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Non-hemispherical earthing systems
5.7.3 Multilayer earth resistivity effects
5.7.4 Conductors extending the EPR
5.8 EPR IN LARGE SUBSTATIONS
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 EPR calculation
5.9 EARTH SYSTEM IMPEDANCE
5.9.1 General
5.9.2 Aerial conductors
5.9.3 Underground cables
5.10 DETERMINATION OF PROSPECTIVE FAULT CURRENT (Initial estimate)
5.11 COMPUTER ANALYSIS
SECTION 6 FIELD TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 OBJECTIVES OF FIELD TESTS
6.3 METHODOLOGY
6.4 CURRENT INJECTION TESTS
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 50 Hz high-current injection test
6.4.3 Off-frequency high-current injection test
6.4.4 Off-frequency low-current injection test
6.5 SELECTION OF THE APPROPRIATE INJECTION METHOD
6.6 CURRENT SOURCES
6.6.1 Maximum value
6.6.2 50 Hz high-current source
6.6.3 Off-frequency high-current source
6.6.4 Off-frequency low-current source
6.7 REMOTE CURRENT ELECTRODE
6.7.1 Injection earth electrode
6.7.2 Potential measurement reference earth electrode
6.8 MEASURING GRID IMPEDANCE
6.8.1 Small earthing system
6.8.2 Tower or conductive pole earth resistance measurement
6.8.3 Large earthing system (fall of potential method)
6.9 MEASURING SURFACE VOLTAGE GRADIENTS
6.10 INTERFERENCE ELIMINATION
6.10.1 50 Hz standing voltage
6.10.2 Induced voltages
6.10.3 D.C. interference
6.10.4 Harmonic interferences
6.11 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
6.11.1 Extrapolation to remote earth
6.12 CONSIDERATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH LOW FREQUENCY INDUCTION (LFI)
6.13 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
6.14 COORDINATION
6.14.1 Purposes of coordination
6.14.2 Coordination of tests
6.15 SOIL RESISTIVITY
6.15.1 General
6.16 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT (WENNER AND SCHLUMBERGER ARRAYS)
6.16.1 Symmetrical line arrays
6.16.2 Advantages of Wenner array
6.16.3 Advantages of Schlumberger array
6.17 RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS
6.17.1 Earth resistivity interpretation procedure
6.18 INTERPRETATION OF RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT
6.19 SOURCES OF ERRORS
6.20 EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
6.21 CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT
SECTION 7 MITIGATION
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 SCOPE OF MITIGATION
7.3 MITIGATION MEASURES APPLIED TO POWER SYSTEM PLANT
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Design options for minimizing EPR problems
7.4 LIGHTNING PROTECTION AT TELECOMMUNICATIONS USER™s PREMISES
7.5 MITIGATION MEASURES APPLIED TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLANT
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Telecommunications isolation equipment
7.5.3 Installation of isolation equipment
7.5.4 Other mitigation measures that may be applied to telecommunications plant
7.5.5 Other services entering or leaving a HV site or EPR hazard zone
7.5.6 HV and LV monitoring, metering, and control equipment using telecommunications services
APPENDIX A - TYPICAL HAZARD ZONES
A1 INTRODUCTION
A2 SCOPE
A3 TYPICAL EXTENT OF HAZARD ZONES
A3.1 For Australia
A3.2 For New Zealand
A4 GUIDELINES FOR INTERPRETATION OF THE TYPICAL HAZARD ZONE
APPENDIX B - EPR DANGER SIGNS-AUSTRALIA ONLY SIGNS FOR HV SITES AND COMMUNICATIONS CABLE PITS/MANHOLES
B1 SCOPE
B2 GENERAL
APPENDIX C - BIBLIOGRAPHY
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References
Earth potential rise - Protection of telecommunications network users, personnel and plant - Code of practice
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AS/NZS 3835.2:2006 EARTH POTENTIAL RISE-PROTECTION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORK USERS, PERSONNEL AND PLANT...
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 APPLICATION
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
SECTION 2 DEFINITIONS
2.1 DEFINITIONS
2.1.1 DOG
2.1.2 Earth grid voltage rise (EGVR)
SECTION 3 EPR AND GENERAL
3.1 DESCRIPTION OF EPR
3.2 SOME EPR HAZARD SITUATIONS TO CONSIDER
3.2.1 Telecommunications cables passing through a hazard zone
3.2.2 Telecommunications equipment installed inside a building which may have a hazardous EPR on its power earth
3.2.3 Voltage hazard relevant to telecommunications network
3.3 CONSIDERATION OF POWER UTILITY CONSTRUCTION PROPOSALS
SECTION 4 EPR HAZARD VOLTAGE LIMITS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.2 RISK OF EPR HAZARD
4.3 AUSTRALIAN EPR HAZARD VOLTAGE LIMITS
4.4 BASIS OF AUSTRALIAN EPR HAZARD VOLTAGE LIMITS
4.5 NEW ZEALAND EPR HAZARD VOLTAGE LIMITS
4.6 BASIS OF NEW ZEALAND EPR HAZARD VOLTAGE LIMITS
SECTION 5 ASSESSMENT OF EPR
5.1 EPR ASSESSMENT PROCESS
5.2 COMBINED EPR AND LFI EFFECTS
5.3 HAZARD CALCULATIONS IN SMALL INSTALLATIONS
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 EPR calculation
5.4 ELECTRODES
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Primary electrodes
5.5 ESTIMATION OF EARTH FAULT CURRENTS
5.6 SURFACE VOLTAGE GRADIENTS
5.6.1 Earth resistivity known
5.6.2 Uncertainties in earth resistivity
5.7 LIMITS FOR APPLYING THE SIMPLIFIED CALCULATIONS
5.7.1 General
5.7.2 Non-hemispherical earthing systems
5.7.3 Multilayer earth resistivity effects
5.7.4 Conductors extending the EPR
5.8 EPR IN LARGE SUBSTATIONS
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 EPR calculation
5.9 EARTH SYSTEM IMPEDANCE
5.9.1 General
5.9.2 Aerial conductors
5.9.3 Underground cables
5.10 DETERMINATION OF PROSPECTIVE FAULT CURRENT (Initial estimate)
5.11 COMPUTER ANALYSIS
SECTION 6 FIELD TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 OBJECTIVES OF FIELD TESTS
6.3 METHODOLOGY
6.4 CURRENT INJECTION TESTS
6.4.1 General
6.4.2 50 Hz high-current injection test
6.4.3 Off-frequency high-current injection test
6.4.4 Off-frequency low-current injection test
6.5 SELECTION OF THE APPROPRIATE INJECTION METHOD
6.6 CURRENT SOURCES
6.6.1 Maximum value
6.6.2 50 Hz high-current source
6.6.3 Off-frequency high-current source
6.6.4 Off-frequency low-current source
6.7 REMOTE CURRENT ELECTRODE
6.7.1 Injection earth electrode
6.7.2 Potential measurement reference earth electrode
6.8 MEASURING GRID IMPEDANCE
6.8.1 Small earthing system
6.8.2 Tower or conductive pole earth resistance measurement
6.8.3 Large earthing system (fall of potential method)
6.9 MEASURING SURFACE VOLTAGE GRADIENTS
6.10 INTERFERENCE ELIMINATION
6.10.1 50 Hz standing voltage
6.10.2 Induced voltages
6.10.3 D.C. interference
6.10.4 Harmonic interferences
6.11 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
6.11.1 Extrapolation to remote earth
6.12 CONSIDERATION IN CONJUNCTION WITH LOW FREQUENCY INDUCTION (LFI)
6.13 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
6.14 COORDINATION
6.14.1 Purposes of coordination
6.14.2 Coordination of tests
6.15 SOIL RESISTIVITY
6.15.1 General
6.16 METHODS OF MEASUREMENT (WENNER AND SCHLUMBERGER ARRAYS)
6.16.1 Symmetrical line arrays
6.16.2 Advantages of Wenner array
6.16.3 Advantages of Schlumberger array
6.17 RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT ANALYSIS
6.17.1 Earth resistivity interpretation procedure
6.18 INTERPRETATION OF RESISTIVITY MEASUREMENT
6.19 SOURCES OF ERRORS
6.20 EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
6.21 CALIBRATION OF EQUIPMENT
SECTION 7 MITIGATION
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 SCOPE OF MITIGATION
7.3 MITIGATION MEASURES APPLIED TO POWER SYSTEM PLANT
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Design options for minimizing EPR problems
7.4 LIGHTNING PROTECTION AT TELECOMMUNICATIONS USER™s PREMISES
7.5 MITIGATION MEASURES APPLIED TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLANT
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Telecommunications isolation equipment
7.5.3 Installation of isolation equipment
7.5.4 Other mitigation measures that may be applied to telecommunications plant
7.5.5 Other services entering or leaving a HV site or EPR hazard zone
7.5.6 HV and LV monitoring, metering, and control equipment using telecommunications services
APPENDIX A - TYPICAL HAZARD ZONES
A1 INTRODUCTION
A2 SCOPE
A3 TYPICAL EXTENT OF HAZARD ZONES
A3.1 For Australia
A3.2 For New Zealand
A4 GUIDELINES FOR INTERPRETATION OF THE TYPICAL HAZARD ZONE
APPENDIX B - EPR DANGER SIGNS-AUSTRALIA ONLY SIGNS FOR HV SITES AND COMMUNICATIONS CABLE PITS/MANHOLES
B1 SCOPE
B2 GENERAL
APPENDIX C - BIBLIOGRAPHY
AS/NZS 3835.2:2006
Online Library subscription information
Online library subscriptions provide a cost-effective solution for organisations of any size to access the latest standards, offering 24/7 access to a personalised catalogue. The service ensures subscribers have have the most up-to-date version of selected standards, incluing automatic updates for any amendments or versions. Pricing is dependent on the chosen standards and the number of concurrent users, with discounts applied from the standards PDF price. For customised subscriptions or further inquiries, contact the Online Library team.