NZS 4299:2024
Earth buildings not requiring specific engineering design
Sets a minimum standard for the design and construction of earth buildings. When applied by designers, building consent authorities, and builders, NZS 4299:2024 provides these users with cost-effective and practical specifications and guidance information for designing and constructing earth buildings, without the need for specific engineering design.
NZS 4299:2024 provides prescribed methods for the design and construction of reinforced earth walled buildings including domestic dwellings and other residential buildings, and some commercial buildings.
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NZS 4299:2024 Earth buildings not requiring specific engineering design
CONTENTS
Committee representation
Acknowledgement
Copyright
Referenced documents
Latest revisions
Review of standards
Foreword
Outcome statement
1 Scope and interpretation
1.1 Scope
1.2 Limitations
1.3 Building components
1.4 Interpretation
1.5 Definitions
1.6 Abbreviations
2 General
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methods of construction
2.3 Wind zones for weather protection
2.4 Wind zones for roof design
2.5 Snow loads
2.6 Durability
2.7 Weather protection
2.8 Energy efficiency
2.9 Internal moisture
3 Site requirements
3.1 Soil-bearing capacity
3.2 Soil types
3.3 Test method for soil bearing
3.4 Bearing
3.5 Site
4 Bracing demand
4.1 General
4.2 Earthquake demand
4.3 Calculation of wind bracing demand
4.4 Calculation of design bracing demand
5 Footings and concrete slab on ground
5.1 General
5.2 Footings
5.3 Reinforcement of footings
5.4 Cover to reinforcement
5.5 Vertical wall starter reinforcement
5.6 Concrete slab-on-ground floors
6 Walls
6.1 General
6.2 Wall systems to resist vertical loads
6.3 Earth wall systems to resist horizontal loads
6.4 Reinforcement of earth walls
6.5 Reinforcement of rammed earth walls
6.6 Horizontal reinforcement
6.7 Shear connections
6.8 Soffit-to-wall junction
6.9 Timber-framed gable wall
6.10 Reverse soffit eaves
7 Structural diaphragms
7.1 General
7.2 Roof and ceiling diaphragms
7.3 Openings in diaphragms
8 Bond beams
8.1 General
8.2 Bond beams with structural diaphragms
8.3 Bond beams without structural diaphragms
8.4 Intersection of timber bond beams
8.5 Concrete bond beam details
8.6 Earth gable walls
8.7 Timber gable end walls above earth walls
9 Lintels
9.1 General
9.2 Timber lintels
9.3 Concrete lintels
10 Wall openings and fixings
10.1 Windows
10.2 Fixings for timber-framed walls
10.3 Arches
10.4 Penetrations
11 Control joints
11.1 General
11.2 Control joints for rammed earth walls
11.3 Control joints for adobe and pressed brick walls
12 Earth floors
12.1 General
12.2 Scope
12.3 Performance criteria
12.4 Construction details
Appendix
Appendix A − Basis of engineering design
Appendix B − Worked example
Appendix D – Light earth method or LEM
Appendix E – Straw-bale construction
Appendix F − Internal adobe brick veneer
Appendix G − Maintenance schedule for earth walls
Table
Table 1.1 – Importance levels of buildings
Table 2.1 – Screw sizes
Table 2.2 – Wind speed zone designations
Table 2.3 – Maximum erodibility index (EI) for earth walls
Table 4.1 – Earthquake zones
Table 4.2 – Site earthquake factor
Table 6.1 – Bracing capacity of reinforced earth walls – Heavy earth (1400 kg/ m3 – 2200 kg/m3)
Table 6.2 – Spacing of vertical reinforcement in earth walls in earthquake zone 1
Table 6.3 – Spacing of vertical reinforcement in earth walls in earthquake zone 2
Table 6.4 – Spacing of vertical reinforcement in earth walls in earthquake zone 3
Table 6.5 – Spacing of vertical HD12 reinforcement in rammed earth walls without horizontal reinforcement in earthquake zone 1
Table 6.6 – Spacing of vertical HD12 reinforcement in rammed earth walls without horizontal reinforcement in earthquake zone 2
Table 6.7 – Spacing of vertical HD12 reinforcement in rammed earth walls without horizontal reinforcement in earthquake zone 3
Table 6.8 – Spacing of shear connectors at base of earth walls
Table 6.9 – Spacing of shear connectors at top of earth walls
Table 8.1 – Bond beams with structural diaphragms in all earthquake zones
Table 8.2 − Bond beams without diaphragms reference span Lref for earth side walls and earth gable end walls (8 m maximum span trusses)
Table 8.3 – Earthquake and subsoil class factor, Ksz
Table 8.4 – Timber bond beam for wind resistance
Table 8.5 – Concrete bond beam for wind
Table 9.1 – Side wall and earth gable – Timber lintels with ground snow loads up to 2.0 kPa, 1.2 m maximum earth wall over lintel
Table 9.2 – Side wall and timber gable end wall timber lintels with ground snow loads up to 2.0 kPa with timber head framing
Table 9.3 – Side wall and earth gable concrete lintels with ground snow loads up to 2.0 kPa, 1.2 m maximum earth wall over lintel
Table 9.4 – Side wall and earth gable concrete lintels with ground snow loads up to 2.0 kPa − Timber gable end and window head framing
Table 9.5 – Concrete lintel details
Table 10.1 – Shrinkage allowance for a 2 m height opening
Table A1 – Design strengths (MPa) for standard grade earth wall construction
Table A2 – Strength-reduction factors
Table A3 – Basic load data
Table A4 – Site earthquake factor
Table B1 – Calculation of earthquake bracing demand example
Table B2 – Detailed wall bracing capacity calculations for example NZS 4299 B1 building
Table D1 – External moisture risk levels for straw bale and LEM
Table D2 – Suitable wall claddings
Table E1 – Suitable wall claddings for straw-bale walls in accordance with Table D1
Table F1 – Studs for adobe veneer walls less than or equal to 220 kg/m2 including plaster
Table F2 – Studs for adobe veneer walls less than or equal to 300 kg/m2 including plaster
Table F3 – Site earthquake factor for calculation of additional wall bracing demand for adobe veneer walls
Figure
Figure 1.1a – Height limitations for earth wall gable ends
Figure 1.1b – Height limitations for hip roofs or timber-framed gable ends
Figure 2.1 – Durability design
Figure 2.2 – Exposure zone map (North Island)
Figure 2.3 – Exposure zone map (South Island)
Figure 2.4 – Definition of roof overhang height and roof overhang width
Figure 2.5 – Minimum roof overhang width for low wind zone
Figure 2.6 – Minimum roof overhang width for medium wind zone
Figure 2.7 – Minimum roof overhang width for high wind zone
Figure 2.8 – Minimum roof overhang width for very high wind zone
Figure 2.9 – Protection for sheltered walls – Plan
Figure 2.10 – Thermal conductivity values for earth walls
Figure 3.1 – Relationship of foundation to nearby sloping ground surface
Figure 4.1 – Earthquake zones (North Island)
Figure 4.2 – Earthquake zones (South and Stewart Islands)
Figure 5.1 – Foundation details at footing step
Figure 5.2 – Footing height clearances
Figure 5.3 – Footing reinforcement in earthquake zone 1
Figure 5.4 – Footing reinforcement in earthquake zone 2 or 3
Figure 5.5 – Reinforcement at footing or bond beam intersections
Figure 5.6 – Footings – General details, including shear key options
Figure 5.7 – Footing – Insulated concrete floor
Figure 5.8 – Footing – Insulated slab and footing
Figure 5.9 – Footing – Insulated slab with brick facing
Figure 5.10 – Footing – Insulated earth floor on slab
Figure 5.11 – Footing – Earth floor
Figure 5.12 – Footing − Insulated footing and slab for lime render over solid earth wall
Figure 6.1 – Bracing line support system and openings at external corners
Figure 6.2 – Determining average wall height
Figure 6.3 – Reinforcing and shear connectors for reinforced earth walls
Figure 6.4 – Horizontal reinforcement cut from steel mesh
Figure 6.5 – Horizontal reinforcement cut from geotechnical mesh
Figure 6.6 – Soffit-to-wall junction
Figure 6.7 – Sloping soffit-to-wall junction
Figure 6.8 – Timber-framed gable to end wall
Figure 6.9 – Reverse eaves soffit flashing
Figure 7.1 – Diaphragm construction
Figure 7.2 – Sloping roof diaphragm
Figure 7.3 – Sloping roof diaphragm – Ridge section
Figure 7.4 – Connection of ceiling diaphragms to side and gable end walls for sloping diaphragms on underside of rafters
Figure 7.5 – Connection of ceiling diaphragms to central walls for sloping diaphragms on underside of rafters
Figure 7.6 – Connection of horizontal ceiling diaphragms to side and central earth walls
Figure 7.7 – Connection of horizontal ceiling diaphragms for timber and earth gable walls
Figure 7.8 – Connection of diaphragms to earth walls with roof or ceiling diaphragm on top of rafters
Figure 7.9 – Location of opening in diaphragm
Figure 8.1 – Layout of earth walls with concrete bond beams and without a structural ceiling diaphragm
Figure 8.2 – Connection between bond beams and roof without a structural ceiling diaphragm
Figure 8.3 – Connection of timber bond beams or top plates with structural diaphragms (plan)
Figure 8.4 – Connection of timber bond beams or top plates without structural diaphragms (plan)
Figure 8.5 – Concrete bond beams
Figure 8.6a – Roof or ceiling diaphragm or concrete bond beam at top of earth gable wall and apex height of earth gable wall 1.4 m
Figure 8.6b – Roof or ceiling diaphragm or concrete bond beam at top of earth gable wall and horizontal diaphragm or horizontal concrete bond bean and apex gable wall 1.4 m
Figure 8.6c – Concrete bond beam at top of earth gable wall without ceiling diaphragm and apex height of earth wall 1.4 m
Figure 9.1 – Load cases for lintels
Figure 9.2 – Timber lintels supporting timber framing above
Figure 9.3 – Lintels below bond beam level supporting earth gable end walls
Figure 9.4 – Timber lintel at bond beam level supporting earth gable end walls
Figure 9.5 – Concrete lintel general arrangement where lintel forms bond beam
Figure 9.6 – Concrete lintel supporting concrete bond beam and wall above
Figure 9.7 – Concrete lintel sizes and reinforcement
Figure 9.8 – Concrete lintel within and outside middle two-thirds of bond beam span
Figure 10.1 – Anchors for door, window, and timber partition frames for earth walls
Figure 10.2 – Window head – Timber joinery with timber-framed wall insert
Figure 10.3 – Window head – Aluminium joinery with timber-framed wall insert
Figure 10.4 – Window head – Timber joinery with timber lintel
Figure 10.5 – Window head – Aluminium joinery with timber lintel
Figure 10.6 – Window jamb – Timber joinery
Figure 10.7 – Window jamb – Aluminium joinery
Figure 10.8 – Timber joinery with brick or tile sill
Figure 10.9 – Windowsill – Aluminium joinery with brick or tile sill
Figure 10.10 – Timber joinery head for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.11 – Timber joinery sill for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.12 – Timber joinery jamb for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.13 – Aluminium joinery head for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.14 – Aluminium joinery jamb for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.15 – Aluminium joinery sill for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.16 – Non-loadbearing internal wall fixing to allow for shrinkage
Figure 10.17 – Arch at door, window, or opening
Figure 11.1 – Location of control joints
Figure 11.2 – Control joint for rammed earth or cob walls
Figure 11.3 – Horizontal construction joint for rammed earth walls
Figure 11.4 – Control joint for adobe and pressed brick
Figure B1 – Example building 1
Figure D1 – Some framing options for LEM
Figure D2 – Drained vented cavity to LEM
Figure D3 – Typical LEM wall showing some elements and options
Figure D4 – LEM wall section
Figure E1 – Ground clearances
Figure E2 – Head and sill for sheltered walls direct plastered
Figure E3 – Jamb for sheltered walls direct plastered
Figure E4 – Jamb for drained vented cavity walls
Figure E5 – Head and sill for drained vented cavity walls
Figure E6 – Straw-bale wall with drained vented cavity
Figure E7 – Straw-bale wall with direct plaster
Figure E8 – Batten tied to straw bale
Figure E9 – Internal wall on driven timber piles to SED
Figure E10 – External wall on driven timber piles to SED
Figure F1 – Internal veneer details
Figure F2 – Footing – Internal adobe veneer, concrete raft foundation
Figure F3 – Internal adobe veneer with earth floor
Figure F4 – Fixing of bottom plates to slabs and cast-in anchors
Previous versions
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NZS 4299:1998
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NZS 4299:2024 Earth buildings not requiring specific engineering design
CONTENTS
Committee representation
Acknowledgement
Copyright
Referenced documents
Latest revisions
Review of standards
Foreword
Outcome statement
1 Scope and interpretation
1.1 Scope
1.2 Limitations
1.3 Building components
1.4 Interpretation
1.5 Definitions
1.6 Abbreviations
2 General
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methods of construction
2.3 Wind zones for weather protection
2.4 Wind zones for roof design
2.5 Snow loads
2.6 Durability
2.7 Weather protection
2.8 Energy efficiency
2.9 Internal moisture
3 Site requirements
3.1 Soil-bearing capacity
3.2 Soil types
3.3 Test method for soil bearing
3.4 Bearing
3.5 Site
4 Bracing demand
4.1 General
4.2 Earthquake demand
4.3 Calculation of wind bracing demand
4.4 Calculation of design bracing demand
5 Footings and concrete slab on ground
5.1 General
5.2 Footings
5.3 Reinforcement of footings
5.4 Cover to reinforcement
5.5 Vertical wall starter reinforcement
5.6 Concrete slab-on-ground floors
6 Walls
6.1 General
6.2 Wall systems to resist vertical loads
6.3 Earth wall systems to resist horizontal loads
6.4 Reinforcement of earth walls
6.5 Reinforcement of rammed earth walls
6.6 Horizontal reinforcement
6.7 Shear connections
6.8 Soffit-to-wall junction
6.9 Timber-framed gable wall
6.10 Reverse soffit eaves
7 Structural diaphragms
7.1 General
7.2 Roof and ceiling diaphragms
7.3 Openings in diaphragms
8 Bond beams
8.1 General
8.2 Bond beams with structural diaphragms
8.3 Bond beams without structural diaphragms
8.4 Intersection of timber bond beams
8.5 Concrete bond beam details
8.6 Earth gable walls
8.7 Timber gable end walls above earth walls
9 Lintels
9.1 General
9.2 Timber lintels
9.3 Concrete lintels
10 Wall openings and fixings
10.1 Windows
10.2 Fixings for timber-framed walls
10.3 Arches
10.4 Penetrations
11 Control joints
11.1 General
11.2 Control joints for rammed earth walls
11.3 Control joints for adobe and pressed brick walls
12 Earth floors
12.1 General
12.2 Scope
12.3 Performance criteria
12.4 Construction details
Appendix
Appendix A − Basis of engineering design
Appendix B − Worked example
Appendix D – Light earth method or LEM
Appendix E – Straw-bale construction
Appendix F − Internal adobe brick veneer
Appendix G − Maintenance schedule for earth walls
Table
Table 1.1 – Importance levels of buildings
Table 2.1 – Screw sizes
Table 2.2 – Wind speed zone designations
Table 2.3 – Maximum erodibility index (EI) for earth walls
Table 4.1 – Earthquake zones
Table 4.2 – Site earthquake factor
Table 6.1 – Bracing capacity of reinforced earth walls – Heavy earth (1400 kg/ m3 – 2200 kg/m3)
Table 6.2 – Spacing of vertical reinforcement in earth walls in earthquake zone 1
Table 6.3 – Spacing of vertical reinforcement in earth walls in earthquake zone 2
Table 6.4 – Spacing of vertical reinforcement in earth walls in earthquake zone 3
Table 6.5 – Spacing of vertical HD12 reinforcement in rammed earth walls without horizontal reinforcement in earthquake zone 1
Table 6.6 – Spacing of vertical HD12 reinforcement in rammed earth walls without horizontal reinforcement in earthquake zone 2
Table 6.7 – Spacing of vertical HD12 reinforcement in rammed earth walls without horizontal reinforcement in earthquake zone 3
Table 6.8 – Spacing of shear connectors at base of earth walls
Table 6.9 – Spacing of shear connectors at top of earth walls
Table 8.1 – Bond beams with structural diaphragms in all earthquake zones
Table 8.2 − Bond beams without diaphragms reference span Lref for earth side walls and earth gable end walls (8 m maximum span trusses)
Table 8.3 – Earthquake and subsoil class factor, Ksz
Table 8.4 – Timber bond beam for wind resistance
Table 8.5 – Concrete bond beam for wind
Table 9.1 – Side wall and earth gable – Timber lintels with ground snow loads up to 2.0 kPa, 1.2 m maximum earth wall over lintel
Table 9.2 – Side wall and timber gable end wall timber lintels with ground snow loads up to 2.0 kPa with timber head framing
Table 9.3 – Side wall and earth gable concrete lintels with ground snow loads up to 2.0 kPa, 1.2 m maximum earth wall over lintel
Table 9.4 – Side wall and earth gable concrete lintels with ground snow loads up to 2.0 kPa − Timber gable end and window head framing
Table 9.5 – Concrete lintel details
Table 10.1 – Shrinkage allowance for a 2 m height opening
Table A1 – Design strengths (MPa) for standard grade earth wall construction
Table A2 – Strength-reduction factors
Table A3 – Basic load data
Table A4 – Site earthquake factor
Table B1 – Calculation of earthquake bracing demand example
Table B2 – Detailed wall bracing capacity calculations for example NZS 4299 B1 building
Table D1 – External moisture risk levels for straw bale and LEM
Table D2 – Suitable wall claddings
Table E1 – Suitable wall claddings for straw-bale walls in accordance with Table D1
Table F1 – Studs for adobe veneer walls less than or equal to 220 kg/m2 including plaster
Table F2 – Studs for adobe veneer walls less than or equal to 300 kg/m2 including plaster
Table F3 – Site earthquake factor for calculation of additional wall bracing demand for adobe veneer walls
Figure
Figure 1.1a – Height limitations for earth wall gable ends
Figure 1.1b – Height limitations for hip roofs or timber-framed gable ends
Figure 2.1 – Durability design
Figure 2.2 – Exposure zone map (North Island)
Figure 2.3 – Exposure zone map (South Island)
Figure 2.4 – Definition of roof overhang height and roof overhang width
Figure 2.5 – Minimum roof overhang width for low wind zone
Figure 2.6 – Minimum roof overhang width for medium wind zone
Figure 2.7 – Minimum roof overhang width for high wind zone
Figure 2.8 – Minimum roof overhang width for very high wind zone
Figure 2.9 – Protection for sheltered walls – Plan
Figure 2.10 – Thermal conductivity values for earth walls
Figure 3.1 – Relationship of foundation to nearby sloping ground surface
Figure 4.1 – Earthquake zones (North Island)
Figure 4.2 – Earthquake zones (South and Stewart Islands)
Figure 5.1 – Foundation details at footing step
Figure 5.2 – Footing height clearances
Figure 5.3 – Footing reinforcement in earthquake zone 1
Figure 5.4 – Footing reinforcement in earthquake zone 2 or 3
Figure 5.5 – Reinforcement at footing or bond beam intersections
Figure 5.6 – Footings – General details, including shear key options
Figure 5.7 – Footing – Insulated concrete floor
Figure 5.8 – Footing – Insulated slab and footing
Figure 5.9 – Footing – Insulated slab with brick facing
Figure 5.10 – Footing – Insulated earth floor on slab
Figure 5.11 – Footing – Earth floor
Figure 5.12 – Footing − Insulated footing and slab for lime render over solid earth wall
Figure 6.1 – Bracing line support system and openings at external corners
Figure 6.2 – Determining average wall height
Figure 6.3 – Reinforcing and shear connectors for reinforced earth walls
Figure 6.4 – Horizontal reinforcement cut from steel mesh
Figure 6.5 – Horizontal reinforcement cut from geotechnical mesh
Figure 6.6 – Soffit-to-wall junction
Figure 6.7 – Sloping soffit-to-wall junction
Figure 6.8 – Timber-framed gable to end wall
Figure 6.9 – Reverse eaves soffit flashing
Figure 7.1 – Diaphragm construction
Figure 7.2 – Sloping roof diaphragm
Figure 7.3 – Sloping roof diaphragm – Ridge section
Figure 7.4 – Connection of ceiling diaphragms to side and gable end walls for sloping diaphragms on underside of rafters
Figure 7.5 – Connection of ceiling diaphragms to central walls for sloping diaphragms on underside of rafters
Figure 7.6 – Connection of horizontal ceiling diaphragms to side and central earth walls
Figure 7.7 – Connection of horizontal ceiling diaphragms for timber and earth gable walls
Figure 7.8 – Connection of diaphragms to earth walls with roof or ceiling diaphragm on top of rafters
Figure 7.9 – Location of opening in diaphragm
Figure 8.1 – Layout of earth walls with concrete bond beams and without a structural ceiling diaphragm
Figure 8.2 – Connection between bond beams and roof without a structural ceiling diaphragm
Figure 8.3 – Connection of timber bond beams or top plates with structural diaphragms (plan)
Figure 8.4 – Connection of timber bond beams or top plates without structural diaphragms (plan)
Figure 8.5 – Concrete bond beams
Figure 8.6a – Roof or ceiling diaphragm or concrete bond beam at top of earth gable wall and apex height of earth gable wall 1.4 m
Figure 8.6b – Roof or ceiling diaphragm or concrete bond beam at top of earth gable wall and horizontal diaphragm or horizontal concrete bond bean and apex gable wall 1.4 m
Figure 8.6c – Concrete bond beam at top of earth gable wall without ceiling diaphragm and apex height of earth wall 1.4 m
Figure 9.1 – Load cases for lintels
Figure 9.2 – Timber lintels supporting timber framing above
Figure 9.3 – Lintels below bond beam level supporting earth gable end walls
Figure 9.4 – Timber lintel at bond beam level supporting earth gable end walls
Figure 9.5 – Concrete lintel general arrangement where lintel forms bond beam
Figure 9.6 – Concrete lintel supporting concrete bond beam and wall above
Figure 9.7 – Concrete lintel sizes and reinforcement
Figure 9.8 – Concrete lintel within and outside middle two-thirds of bond beam span
Figure 10.1 – Anchors for door, window, and timber partition frames for earth walls
Figure 10.2 – Window head – Timber joinery with timber-framed wall insert
Figure 10.3 – Window head – Aluminium joinery with timber-framed wall insert
Figure 10.4 – Window head – Timber joinery with timber lintel
Figure 10.5 – Window head – Aluminium joinery with timber lintel
Figure 10.6 – Window jamb – Timber joinery
Figure 10.7 – Window jamb – Aluminium joinery
Figure 10.8 – Timber joinery with brick or tile sill
Figure 10.9 – Windowsill – Aluminium joinery with brick or tile sill
Figure 10.10 – Timber joinery head for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.11 – Timber joinery sill for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.12 – Timber joinery jamb for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.13 – Aluminium joinery head for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.14 – Aluminium joinery jamb for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.15 – Aluminium joinery sill for lime plaster over solid earth wall
Figure 10.16 – Non-loadbearing internal wall fixing to allow for shrinkage
Figure 10.17 – Arch at door, window, or opening
Figure 11.1 – Location of control joints
Figure 11.2 – Control joint for rammed earth or cob walls
Figure 11.3 – Horizontal construction joint for rammed earth walls
Figure 11.4 – Control joint for adobe and pressed brick
Figure B1 – Example building 1
Figure D1 – Some framing options for LEM
Figure D2 – Drained vented cavity to LEM
Figure D3 – Typical LEM wall showing some elements and options
Figure D4 – LEM wall section
Figure E1 – Ground clearances
Figure E2 – Head and sill for sheltered walls direct plastered
Figure E3 – Jamb for sheltered walls direct plastered
Figure E4 – Jamb for drained vented cavity walls
Figure E5 – Head and sill for drained vented cavity walls
Figure E6 – Straw-bale wall with drained vented cavity
Figure E7 – Straw-bale wall with direct plaster
Figure E8 – Batten tied to straw bale
Figure E9 – Internal wall on driven timber piles to SED
Figure E10 – External wall on driven timber piles to SED
Figure F1 – Internal veneer details
Figure F2 – Footing – Internal adobe veneer, concrete raft foundation
Figure F3 – Internal adobe veneer with earth floor
Figure F4 – Fixing of bottom plates to slabs and cast-in anchors
Previous versions
- NZS 4299:2020 Download
-
NZS 4299:1998
Download
- B1
- B2
- E2
NZS 4299:2024
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