AS/NZS ISO/IEC 19788.1:2025
Information technology for learning, education and training – Metadata for learning resources, Part 1: Framework
Standard provides a framework that applies to all resources and specifies how to describe resources. It includes rules governing the way in which descriptions are made.
This document provides principles, rules and structures for specifying the description of any type of resource. It identifies and establishes attributes for specifying properties, resources classes, vocabularies and application profiles and the rules governing their use. The key principles set out in this document are framed in a user-centric context and aim to meet the requirements of multilingual and cultural adaptability from a global perspective.
This document can be used for the specification of metadata describing any type of resource (not only learning resources). This document is information-technology-neutral and defines a set of common approaches.
This document specifies generic properties, generic resource classes and predefined rule sets for content value rules. These generic elements are proposed in such a way that they can be widely reused, thereby promoting interoperability.
This document is applicable to the development of –
- application profiles based on the ISO/IEC 19788 series but not part of it or any other document based on it; and
- standards consisting of the description of resources (in a broad sense), whether they belong to the domain of education or to any other domain.
This document is identical to, and has been reproduced from, ISO/IEC 19788‑1:2024 Information technology for learning, education and training – Metadata for learning resources – Part 1: Framework.
Standard supersedes AS/NZS ISO/IEC 19788.1:2013 Information technology – Learning, education and training – Metadata for learning resources, Part 1: Framework.
AS/NZS ISO/IEC 19788.1:2025
SA/SNZ - Cover page
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviated terms
5 Digital access
6 MLR Resource classes
6.1 General
6.2 Resource class specification attributes
6.2.1 Attribute "Identifier"
6.2.2 Attribute "Canonical identifier"
6.2.3 Attribute "Label"
6.2.4 Attribute "Name"
6.2.5 Attribute "Definition"
6.2.6 Attribute "Subclass of"
6.2.7 Attribute "Note"
6.3 Resource class specification template
6.4 Example of a resource class specification
7 MLR Properties
7.1 General
7.2 Property specification attributes
7.2.1 Attribute "Identifier"
7.2.2 Attribute "Canonical identifier"
7.2.3 Attribute "Label"
7.2.4 Attribute "Name"
7.2.5 Attribute "Definition"
7.2.6 Attribute "Domain"
7.2.7 Attribute "Codomain"
7.2.8 Attribute "Linguistic indicator"
7.2.9 Attribute "Content value rules"
7.2.10 Attribute "Refines"
7.2.11 Attribute "Example(s)"
7.2.12 Attribute "Note(s)"
7.2.13 Attribute "Best practice(s)"
7.2.14 Attribute "Status"
7.3 Essential vs non-essential attributes
7.4 Property specification template
7.5 Aggregation of properties
7.6 Example of a property specification
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Property specification
7.6.3 Associated content value rule set
8 MLR Vocabularies
8.1 General
8.2 Vocabulary specification attributes
8.2.1 Attribute "Identifier"
8.2.2 Attribute "Canonical identifier"
8.2.3 Attribute "Label"
8.2.4 Attribute "Name"
8.2.5 Attribute "Open/closed"
8.2.6 Attribute "Extension of"
8.2.7 Attribute "Set of terms"
8.3 Vocabulary specification template
8.4 User extensions of MLR vocabularies
8.5 Example of vocabulary specifications
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Vocabulary "Opportunity types"
8.5.3 Vocabulary "Extended opportunity types"
9 MLR Data elements
9.1 General
9.2 Data element specification attributes
9.2.1 Attribute " Property identifier "
9.2.2 Attribute "Subject"
9.2.3 Attribute "Content value"
9.2.4 Attribute "Language code"
9.3 Data element specification template
9.4 Examples of MLR data elements
9.4.1 EXAMPLE 1
9.4.2 EXAMPLE 2 (content value of the data element from a vocabulary)
10 MLR Records
10.1 General
10.2 MLR record: Components
10.2.1 Component "Identifier"
10.2.2 Component "Resource"
10.2.3 Component "Content"
11 MLR Application profiles
11.1 General
11.2 Application profile specification attributes
11.2.1 Attribute "Identifier"
11.2.2 Attribute "Canonical identifier"
11.2.3 Attribute "Label"
11.2.4 Attribute "Name"
11.2.5 Attribute "Description"
11.2.6 Attribute "Extension of"
11.2.7 Attribute "List of identifiers of templates for property constraints"
11.3 Application profile specification template
11.4 Constraint on properties
11.5 Constraint on properties template
11.5.1 Shape of the constraint on properties template
11.5.2 Content of the constraint on properties template
11.6 Example
11.6.1 Example of the specification of an application profile
11.6.2 Example of the specification of property constraints
11.6.3 Example of a Conditions Table
11.7 Ordered list of items
11.8 Global content value rule sets
11.9 Extension of an application profile
11.10 Documents specifying application profiles
12 Documents based on this document
12.1 New parts of the ISO/IEC 19788 series
12.2 Documents beyond ISO/IEC 19788 based on this standard
12.2.1 Documents specifying application profiles
12.2.2 Documents specifying MLR entities
13 Generic resource classes and LET related classes
13.1 General
13.2 Generic resource classes
13.2.1 Class "Resource"
13.2.2 Class "Information Resource"
13.2.3 Class "Web Resource"
13.2.4 Class "Representation"
13.3 Other resource classes
13.3.1 Class "Person"
13.3.2 Class "Learning Resource"
14 Generic properties
14.1 General
14.2 Properties whose domain is class "Resource"
14.2.1 Property "has Description"
14.2.2 Property "name"
14.3 Properties whose domain is class "Information Resource"
14.3.1 Property "describes"
14.3.2 Property "has representation"
14.4 Property whose domain is class "Web Resource"
14.4.1 Property "location"
14.5 Properties whose domain is class "Representation"
14.5.1 Property "character encoding"
14.5.2 Property "media type"
14.5.3 Property "refers to"
14.5.4 Property "represents"
15 Generic content value rule sets
15.1 General
15.2 MLR String
15.3 BCP 47
15.4 Boolean
15.5 Date
15.6 Date & Time
15.7 Duration
15.8 HTTP IRI
15.9 IRI
15.10 MEDIA TYPE
15.11 Time interval
15.12 JSON string.
Annex A (normative) Language equivalents for names and labels
Annex B (normative) MLR identifiers
Annex C (normative) MLR canonical identifiers and additional constraints on MLR specifications
Annex D (normative) Rules for all parts of ISO/IEC 19788
Annex E (normative) UML class diagram of generic and other resource classes and related properties
Annex F (informative) UML class diagrams for this document
Annex G (informative) Contents of documents specifying application profiles
Annex H (informative) Contents for documents beyond ISO/IEC 19788 specifying MLR entities
Annex I (informative) Principles governing the development of ISO/IEC 19788
Bibliography
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AS/NZS ISO/IEC 19788.1:2025
SA/SNZ - Cover page
Preface
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Abbreviated terms
5 Digital access
6 MLR Resource classes
6.1 General
6.2 Resource class specification attributes
6.2.1 Attribute "Identifier"
6.2.2 Attribute "Canonical identifier"
6.2.3 Attribute "Label"
6.2.4 Attribute "Name"
6.2.5 Attribute "Definition"
6.2.6 Attribute "Subclass of"
6.2.7 Attribute "Note"
6.3 Resource class specification template
6.4 Example of a resource class specification
7 MLR Properties
7.1 General
7.2 Property specification attributes
7.2.1 Attribute "Identifier"
7.2.2 Attribute "Canonical identifier"
7.2.3 Attribute "Label"
7.2.4 Attribute "Name"
7.2.5 Attribute "Definition"
7.2.6 Attribute "Domain"
7.2.7 Attribute "Codomain"
7.2.8 Attribute "Linguistic indicator"
7.2.9 Attribute "Content value rules"
7.2.10 Attribute "Refines"
7.2.11 Attribute "Example(s)"
7.2.12 Attribute "Note(s)"
7.2.13 Attribute "Best practice(s)"
7.2.14 Attribute "Status"
7.3 Essential vs non-essential attributes
7.4 Property specification template
7.5 Aggregation of properties
7.6 Example of a property specification
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Property specification
7.6.3 Associated content value rule set
8 MLR Vocabularies
8.1 General
8.2 Vocabulary specification attributes
8.2.1 Attribute "Identifier"
8.2.2 Attribute "Canonical identifier"
8.2.3 Attribute "Label"
8.2.4 Attribute "Name"
8.2.5 Attribute "Open/closed"
8.2.6 Attribute "Extension of"
8.2.7 Attribute "Set of terms"
8.3 Vocabulary specification template
8.4 User extensions of MLR vocabularies
8.5 Example of vocabulary specifications
8.5.1 General
8.5.2 Vocabulary "Opportunity types"
8.5.3 Vocabulary "Extended opportunity types"
9 MLR Data elements
9.1 General
9.2 Data element specification attributes
9.2.1 Attribute " Property identifier "
9.2.2 Attribute "Subject"
9.2.3 Attribute "Content value"
9.2.4 Attribute "Language code"
9.3 Data element specification template
9.4 Examples of MLR data elements
9.4.1 EXAMPLE 1
9.4.2 EXAMPLE 2 (content value of the data element from a vocabulary)
10 MLR Records
10.1 General
10.2 MLR record: Components
10.2.1 Component "Identifier"
10.2.2 Component "Resource"
10.2.3 Component "Content"
11 MLR Application profiles
11.1 General
11.2 Application profile specification attributes
11.2.1 Attribute "Identifier"
11.2.2 Attribute "Canonical identifier"
11.2.3 Attribute "Label"
11.2.4 Attribute "Name"
11.2.5 Attribute "Description"
11.2.6 Attribute "Extension of"
11.2.7 Attribute "List of identifiers of templates for property constraints"
11.3 Application profile specification template
11.4 Constraint on properties
11.5 Constraint on properties template
11.5.1 Shape of the constraint on properties template
11.5.2 Content of the constraint on properties template
11.6 Example
11.6.1 Example of the specification of an application profile
11.6.2 Example of the specification of property constraints
11.6.3 Example of a Conditions Table
11.7 Ordered list of items
11.8 Global content value rule sets
11.9 Extension of an application profile
11.10 Documents specifying application profiles
12 Documents based on this document
12.1 New parts of the ISO/IEC 19788 series
12.2 Documents beyond ISO/IEC 19788 based on this standard
12.2.1 Documents specifying application profiles
12.2.2 Documents specifying MLR entities
13 Generic resource classes and LET related classes
13.1 General
13.2 Generic resource classes
13.2.1 Class "Resource"
13.2.2 Class "Information Resource"
13.2.3 Class "Web Resource"
13.2.4 Class "Representation"
13.3 Other resource classes
13.3.1 Class "Person"
13.3.2 Class "Learning Resource"
14 Generic properties
14.1 General
14.2 Properties whose domain is class "Resource"
14.2.1 Property "has Description"
14.2.2 Property "name"
14.3 Properties whose domain is class "Information Resource"
14.3.1 Property "describes"
14.3.2 Property "has representation"
14.4 Property whose domain is class "Web Resource"
14.4.1 Property "location"
14.5 Properties whose domain is class "Representation"
14.5.1 Property "character encoding"
14.5.2 Property "media type"
14.5.3 Property "refers to"
14.5.4 Property "represents"
15 Generic content value rule sets
15.1 General
15.2 MLR String
15.3 BCP 47
15.4 Boolean
15.5 Date
15.6 Date & Time
15.7 Duration
15.8 HTTP IRI
15.9 IRI
15.10 MEDIA TYPE
15.11 Time interval
15.12 JSON string.
Annex A (normative) Language equivalents for names and labels
Annex B (normative) MLR identifiers
Annex C (normative) MLR canonical identifiers and additional constraints on MLR specifications
Annex D (normative) Rules for all parts of ISO/IEC 19788
Annex E (normative) UML class diagram of generic and other resource classes and related properties
Annex F (informative) UML class diagrams for this document
Annex G (informative) Contents of documents specifying application profiles
Annex H (informative) Contents for documents beyond ISO/IEC 19788 specifying MLR entities
Annex I (informative) Principles governing the development of ISO/IEC 19788
Bibliography