AS/NZS 2041.1:2011
Buried corrugated metal structures - Part 1: Design methods
Provides designers, manufacturers and installers of buried corrugated metal structures with requirements for the structural design of such structures for use in earthworks, primarily as drainage culverts or access ways.
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AS/NZS 2041.1:2011 BURIED CORRUGATED METAL STRUCTURES - DESIGN METHODS
PREFACE
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 EXCLUSIONS
1.3 APPLICATION
1.4 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1.5 DEFINITIONS
1.5.1 Action
1.5.2 Action effects (internal effects of actions, load effects)
1.5.3 Compaction
1.5.4 Corrugation
1.5.5 Deep corrugation
1.5.6 Depth of corrugation
1.5.7 Design cover
1.5.8 Design working life
1.5.9 Diameter, internal
1.5.10 Durability allowance
1.5.11 Fill, embankment
1.5.12 Fill, flowable
1.5.13 Fill, select
1.5.14 Flexibility factor
1.5.15 Foundation
1.5.16 Haunch
1.5.17 Height of fill (h)
1.5.18 Imposed action
1.5.19 Liquefaction
1.5.20 Load
1.5.21 Minimum structural base metal wall thickness
1.5.22 Permanent action
1.5.23 Pitch of corrugation
1.5.24 Protective coating
1.5.25 Ring compression
1.5.26 Shallow corrugation
1.5.27 Skew number
1.5.28 Soil classification
1.5.29 Structural base metal wall thickness
1.5.30 Track formation
1.5.31 Width
1.6 NOTATION
1.7 MARKING
1.8 ALTERNATIVE DESIGN METHODS AND MATERIALS
SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1 DESIGN PROCESS
2.2 DESIGN INSTRUCTIONS
2.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
2.4 STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGN WORKING LIFE
2.5 MINIMUM COVER
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Minimum cover (hmin) for railway loads
2.5.3 Minimum cover (hmin) for highway loads
2.5.4 Minimum cover for construction, aircraft, stockpile mine vehicles and abnormal loads
2.6 MINIMUM SPACING BETWEEN STRUCTURES
2.7 MINIMUM EXTENT OF STRUCTURAL SELECT FILL-STRUCTURAL BACKFILL
2.8 DESIGN METHODS
2.8.1 General
2.8.2 Limit state method
2.8.3 Ring compression method
2.8.4 Numerical modelling
SECTION 3 DURABILITY
3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
3.2 BACKGROUND
3.3 COATINGS
3.4 CORRUGATED METAL STRUCTURES-MATERIALS
3.5 DURABILITY DESIGN-STRUCTURE TYPES
3.6 DURABILITY DESIGN-SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 No durability allowance
3.6.3 1 mm durability allowance
3.6.4 Aluminium structures-No durability allowance
3.7 DURABILITY DESIGN-DETAILED PROCEDURE
3.7.1 Aggressive environments
3.7.2 Determination of design durability allowance
SECTION 4 DESIGN ACTIONS
4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
4.2 PERMANENT ACTIONS (G)
4.3 IMPOSED ACTIONS (Q)
4.3.1 Construction loads
4.3.2 Highway-imposed loads
4.3.3 Railway-imposed loads
4.3.4 Aircraft loads
4.3.5 Stockpile loads
4.3.6 Mine vehicles and abnormal loads
4.4 IMPOSED PRESSURE AT DEPTH
4.5 EARTHQUAKE
4.5.1 Conditions for earthquake design
4.5.2 Earthquake action
SECTION 5 LIMIT STATE METHOD (EXCLUDING METAL BOX STRUCTURES)
5.1 GENERAL
5.2 LIMIT STATES
5.2.1 Applicable limit states
5.2.2 Deformation during construction
5.3 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS
5.4 MATERIAL RESISTANCE FACTORS AND DESIGN PROPERTIES
5.5 ACTIONS
5.5.1 Permanent action
5.5.2 Permanent action with stockpile loads
5.5.3 Imposed action-Finished structure
5.5.4 Imposed action-During construction
5.5.5 Permanent and earthquake
5.6 DESIGN VERIFICATION
5.6.1 Buckling failure
5.6.2 Connection failure
5.6.3 Plastic hinge failure
5.7 MINIMUM STRUCTURAL BASE METAL WALL THICKNESS
5.8 TRANSVERSE STIFFENERS
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Rib spacing
5.8.3 Section properties for steel rib stiffeners
5.8.4 Section properties for encased concrete ribs
5.8.5 Distribution of compression in encased concrete ribs
5.9 FOOTINGS
5.10 ARCH FOOTING FORCES
5.11 PIPE-ARCH SHAPES
SECTION 6 LIMIT STATE METHOD FOR METAL BOX STRUCTURES
6.1 GENERAL
6.2 SIMPLIFIED DESIGN METHOD
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Cover and geometric limitations
6.2.3 Limit states
6.2.4 Combination of actions
6.2.5 Unfactored dead load bending moments
6.2.6 Unfactored live load bending moments
6.2.7 Factored crown and haunch bending moments
6.2.8 Earthquake bending moments
6.2.9 Flexural capacity at ultimate limit state (ULS)
6.2.10 Fatigue resistance
6.2.11 Seam strength
6.2.12 Footing forces
6.2.13 Load-relieving slab
6.3 RIGOROUS METHOD
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Combined thrust and moment
6.3.3 Seam strength
6.3.4 Buckling
SECTION 7 RING COMPRESSION METHOD
7.1 GENERAL
7.2 RING COMPRESSION DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
7.3 LOADS
7.3.1 Permanent load
7.3.2 Imposed load
7.3.3 Earthquake load
7.4 DESIGN SOIL COMPACTION AND SOIL TYPE FOR SELECT FILL
7.5 DESIGN PRESSURE
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Permanent and imposed
7.5.3 Permanent and earthquake
7.6 PIPE-ARCH SHAPES
7.7 RING COMPRESSION
7.8 PROPERTIES FOR DESIGN
7.9 BOLTED SEAM STRENGTH FOR BOLTED PLATE STRUCTURES
7.10 ULTIMATE COMPRESSIVE WALL STRESS
7.10.1 Steel-Grade 250
7.10.2 Steel-Grade 230
7.10.3 Aluminium
7.10.4 General equations
7.11 ALLOWABLE WALL STRESS AND STRUCTURAL BASE METAL WALL THICKNESS
7.12 MINIMUM STRUCTURAL BASE METAL WALL THICKNESS
7.13 HANDLING AND INSTALLATION STIFFNESS
7.14 RIB STIFFENING
7.15 ARCH FOOTING FORCES
SECTION 8 END TREATMENT
8.1 GENERAL
8.2 END STIFFENING RING BEAMS
8.2.1 Structures of dh 900 mm
8.2.2 Structures of 900 mm dh 4500 mm
8.2.3 Structures of 4500 mm dh 15 000 mm
8.2.4 Structures of dh >15 000 mm
8.3 BATTER PROTECTION, HEADWALLS AND CUT-OFF WALLS
SECTION 9 INVERT LINING
APPENDIX A - GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN INFORMATION FOR SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION
A1 GENERAL
A2 DESIGN INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURER AND INSTALLER
A3 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE MANUFACTURER
APPENDIX B - BACKGROUND MATERIAL AND GUIDANCE ON THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE AS/NZS 2041 SERIES OF STANDARDS
B1 GENERAL
B2 PHILOSOPHY OF THE AS/NZS 2041 SERIES OF STANDARDS
B2.1 AS/NZS 2041 series
B2.2 Installation (see AS/NZS 2041.2)
B2.3 Basis of design
B2.4 Ring compression theory
B3 SECTION 2-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
B3.1 Design working life
B3.2 Design considerations
B4 SECTION 4-DESIGN ACTIONS
B5 SECTION 5-LIMIT STATE METHOD
B6 SECTION 7-RING COMPRESSION METHOD
APPENDIX C - DESIGN FLOW CHARTS
APPENDIX D - COMPARISON OF LOADINGS
APPENDIX E - GUIDANCE ON DURABILITY DESIGN AND PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS
E1 GENERAL
E2 METAL CORROSION
E3 INVERT DURABILITY
E3.1 Abrasion assessment
E3.2 Ponding or silting up
E3.3 Trickle flows
E3.4 Control measures
E4 PROTECTIVE COATINGS
E5 WORKED EXAMPLE FOR DETAIL METHOD
APPENDIX F - GUIDANCE ON EARTHQUAKE DESIGN
F1 SCOPE
F2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
F2.1 General
F2.2 Structure ends
F2.3 Footings
F2.4 Foundation conditions
F2.5 Seismic actions
F2.6 Need for design
F3 LIQUEFACTION
F3.1 Soil behaviour
F3.2 Effects on buried corrugated metal structures
F3.3 Assessment of liquefaction
F4 STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LOADING
F4.1 General
F4.2 Canadian method
F4.3 Using AS 1170.4 or NZS 1170.5
F4.4 Combinations
F4.5 Final comments
APPENDIX G - METHODS FOR DETERMINING DESIGN PROPERTIES OF PROFILES
G1 GENERAL
G2 LIMITATIONS
G3 PROPERTIES FOR USE WITH THIS STANDARD
G4 FLEXIBILITY FACTOR
APPENDIX H - TEST PROCEDURE FOR ESTABLISHING FLEXIBILITY FOR BURIED CORRUGATED METAL PIPES
H1 GENERAL
H2 SUMMARY OF TEST
H3 APPARATUS
H3.1 Testing machines
H3.2 Loading plates
H3.3 Deformation (deflection) indicator
H4 TEST SPECIMEN
H5 PROCEDURE
H6 CALCULATIONS
H7 NORMALIZATION OF TEST RESULTS
H8 REPORT
APPENDIX I - NUMERICAL MODELLING
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Amendments
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AS/NZS 2041.1:2011 BURIED CORRUGATED METAL STRUCTURES - DESIGN METHODS
PREFACE
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 EXCLUSIONS
1.3 APPLICATION
1.4 NORMATIVE REFERENCES
1.5 DEFINITIONS
1.5.1 Action
1.5.2 Action effects (internal effects of actions, load effects)
1.5.3 Compaction
1.5.4 Corrugation
1.5.5 Deep corrugation
1.5.6 Depth of corrugation
1.5.7 Design cover
1.5.8 Design working life
1.5.9 Diameter, internal
1.5.10 Durability allowance
1.5.11 Fill, embankment
1.5.12 Fill, flowable
1.5.13 Fill, select
1.5.14 Flexibility factor
1.5.15 Foundation
1.5.16 Haunch
1.5.17 Height of fill (h)
1.5.18 Imposed action
1.5.19 Liquefaction
1.5.20 Load
1.5.21 Minimum structural base metal wall thickness
1.5.22 Permanent action
1.5.23 Pitch of corrugation
1.5.24 Protective coating
1.5.25 Ring compression
1.5.26 Shallow corrugation
1.5.27 Skew number
1.5.28 Soil classification
1.5.29 Structural base metal wall thickness
1.5.30 Track formation
1.5.31 Width
1.6 NOTATION
1.7 MARKING
1.8 ALTERNATIVE DESIGN METHODS AND MATERIALS
SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1 DESIGN PROCESS
2.2 DESIGN INSTRUCTIONS
2.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
2.4 STRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION AND DESIGN WORKING LIFE
2.5 MINIMUM COVER
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Minimum cover (hmin) for railway loads
2.5.3 Minimum cover (hmin) for highway loads
2.5.4 Minimum cover for construction, aircraft, stockpile mine vehicles and abnormal loads
2.6 MINIMUM SPACING BETWEEN STRUCTURES
2.7 MINIMUM EXTENT OF STRUCTURAL SELECT FILL-STRUCTURAL BACKFILL
2.8 DESIGN METHODS
2.8.1 General
2.8.2 Limit state method
2.8.3 Ring compression method
2.8.4 Numerical modelling
SECTION 3 DURABILITY
3.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
3.2 BACKGROUND
3.3 COATINGS
3.4 CORRUGATED METAL STRUCTURES-MATERIALS
3.5 DURABILITY DESIGN-STRUCTURE TYPES
3.6 DURABILITY DESIGN-SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE
3.6.1 General
3.6.2 No durability allowance
3.6.3 1 mm durability allowance
3.6.4 Aluminium structures-No durability allowance
3.7 DURABILITY DESIGN-DETAILED PROCEDURE
3.7.1 Aggressive environments
3.7.2 Determination of design durability allowance
SECTION 4 DESIGN ACTIONS
4.1 SCOPE OF SECTION
4.2 PERMANENT ACTIONS (G)
4.3 IMPOSED ACTIONS (Q)
4.3.1 Construction loads
4.3.2 Highway-imposed loads
4.3.3 Railway-imposed loads
4.3.4 Aircraft loads
4.3.5 Stockpile loads
4.3.6 Mine vehicles and abnormal loads
4.4 IMPOSED PRESSURE AT DEPTH
4.5 EARTHQUAKE
4.5.1 Conditions for earthquake design
4.5.2 Earthquake action
SECTION 5 LIMIT STATE METHOD (EXCLUDING METAL BOX STRUCTURES)
5.1 GENERAL
5.2 LIMIT STATES
5.2.1 Applicable limit states
5.2.2 Deformation during construction
5.3 COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS
5.4 MATERIAL RESISTANCE FACTORS AND DESIGN PROPERTIES
5.5 ACTIONS
5.5.1 Permanent action
5.5.2 Permanent action with stockpile loads
5.5.3 Imposed action-Finished structure
5.5.4 Imposed action-During construction
5.5.5 Permanent and earthquake
5.6 DESIGN VERIFICATION
5.6.1 Buckling failure
5.6.2 Connection failure
5.6.3 Plastic hinge failure
5.7 MINIMUM STRUCTURAL BASE METAL WALL THICKNESS
5.8 TRANSVERSE STIFFENERS
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Rib spacing
5.8.3 Section properties for steel rib stiffeners
5.8.4 Section properties for encased concrete ribs
5.8.5 Distribution of compression in encased concrete ribs
5.9 FOOTINGS
5.10 ARCH FOOTING FORCES
5.11 PIPE-ARCH SHAPES
SECTION 6 LIMIT STATE METHOD FOR METAL BOX STRUCTURES
6.1 GENERAL
6.2 SIMPLIFIED DESIGN METHOD
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Cover and geometric limitations
6.2.3 Limit states
6.2.4 Combination of actions
6.2.5 Unfactored dead load bending moments
6.2.6 Unfactored live load bending moments
6.2.7 Factored crown and haunch bending moments
6.2.8 Earthquake bending moments
6.2.9 Flexural capacity at ultimate limit state (ULS)
6.2.10 Fatigue resistance
6.2.11 Seam strength
6.2.12 Footing forces
6.2.13 Load-relieving slab
6.3 RIGOROUS METHOD
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Combined thrust and moment
6.3.3 Seam strength
6.3.4 Buckling
SECTION 7 RING COMPRESSION METHOD
7.1 GENERAL
7.2 RING COMPRESSION DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
7.3 LOADS
7.3.1 Permanent load
7.3.2 Imposed load
7.3.3 Earthquake load
7.4 DESIGN SOIL COMPACTION AND SOIL TYPE FOR SELECT FILL
7.5 DESIGN PRESSURE
7.5.1 General
7.5.2 Permanent and imposed
7.5.3 Permanent and earthquake
7.6 PIPE-ARCH SHAPES
7.7 RING COMPRESSION
7.8 PROPERTIES FOR DESIGN
7.9 BOLTED SEAM STRENGTH FOR BOLTED PLATE STRUCTURES
7.10 ULTIMATE COMPRESSIVE WALL STRESS
7.10.1 Steel-Grade 250
7.10.2 Steel-Grade 230
7.10.3 Aluminium
7.10.4 General equations
7.11 ALLOWABLE WALL STRESS AND STRUCTURAL BASE METAL WALL THICKNESS
7.12 MINIMUM STRUCTURAL BASE METAL WALL THICKNESS
7.13 HANDLING AND INSTALLATION STIFFNESS
7.14 RIB STIFFENING
7.15 ARCH FOOTING FORCES
SECTION 8 END TREATMENT
8.1 GENERAL
8.2 END STIFFENING RING BEAMS
8.2.1 Structures of dh 900 mm
8.2.2 Structures of 900 mm dh 4500 mm
8.2.3 Structures of 4500 mm dh 15 000 mm
8.2.4 Structures of dh >15 000 mm
8.3 BATTER PROTECTION, HEADWALLS AND CUT-OFF WALLS
SECTION 9 INVERT LINING
APPENDIX A - GUIDELINES FOR DESIGN INFORMATION FOR SUPPLY AND INSTALLATION
A1 GENERAL
A2 DESIGN INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURER AND INSTALLER
A3 INFORMATION TO BE SUPPLIED BY THE MANUFACTURER
APPENDIX B - BACKGROUND MATERIAL AND GUIDANCE ON THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE AS/NZS 2041 SERIES OF STANDARDS
B1 GENERAL
B2 PHILOSOPHY OF THE AS/NZS 2041 SERIES OF STANDARDS
B2.1 AS/NZS 2041 series
B2.2 Installation (see AS/NZS 2041.2)
B2.3 Basis of design
B2.4 Ring compression theory
B3 SECTION 2-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
B3.1 Design working life
B3.2 Design considerations
B4 SECTION 4-DESIGN ACTIONS
B5 SECTION 5-LIMIT STATE METHOD
B6 SECTION 7-RING COMPRESSION METHOD
APPENDIX C - DESIGN FLOW CHARTS
APPENDIX D - COMPARISON OF LOADINGS
APPENDIX E - GUIDANCE ON DURABILITY DESIGN AND PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS
E1 GENERAL
E2 METAL CORROSION
E3 INVERT DURABILITY
E3.1 Abrasion assessment
E3.2 Ponding or silting up
E3.3 Trickle flows
E3.4 Control measures
E4 PROTECTIVE COATINGS
E5 WORKED EXAMPLE FOR DETAIL METHOD
APPENDIX F - GUIDANCE ON EARTHQUAKE DESIGN
F1 SCOPE
F2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
F2.1 General
F2.2 Structure ends
F2.3 Footings
F2.4 Foundation conditions
F2.5 Seismic actions
F2.6 Need for design
F3 LIQUEFACTION
F3.1 Soil behaviour
F3.2 Effects on buried corrugated metal structures
F3.3 Assessment of liquefaction
F4 STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT AND LOADING
F4.1 General
F4.2 Canadian method
F4.3 Using AS 1170.4 or NZS 1170.5
F4.4 Combinations
F4.5 Final comments
APPENDIX G - METHODS FOR DETERMINING DESIGN PROPERTIES OF PROFILES
G1 GENERAL
G2 LIMITATIONS
G3 PROPERTIES FOR USE WITH THIS STANDARD
G4 FLEXIBILITY FACTOR
APPENDIX H - TEST PROCEDURE FOR ESTABLISHING FLEXIBILITY FOR BURIED CORRUGATED METAL PIPES
H1 GENERAL
H2 SUMMARY OF TEST
H3 APPARATUS
H3.1 Testing machines
H3.2 Loading plates
H3.3 Deformation (deflection) indicator
H4 TEST SPECIMEN
H5 PROCEDURE
H6 CALCULATIONS
H7 NORMALIZATION OF TEST RESULTS
H8 REPORT
APPENDIX I - NUMERICAL MODELLING
BIBLIOGRAPHY