AS/NZS 1680.1:2006
Interior and workplace lighting - Part 1: General principles and recommendations
Provides general principles and recommendations for the lighting of building interiors to enhance the performance and comfort of those performing visual tasks. Deals with illuminating essential task details, using both artificial light and daylight, while controlling or excluding factors that might cause visual discomfort.
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AS/NZS 1680.1:2006 INTERIOR AND WORKPLACE LIGHTING - GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 OBJECTIVE
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.4.1 Average illuminance
1.4.2 Cut-off angle (of a luminaire)
1.4.3 Initial illuminance
1.4.4 Maintained illuminance
1.4.5 Task area
1.4.6 Task detail
1.4.7 Task illuminance
1.4.8 Task surroundings
1.4.9 (Visual) task
1.4.10 Uniformity of illuminance
1.4.11 Unwanted reflections
1.4.12 Veiling reflections
1.4.13 Visual system
1.4.14 Working plane
SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD INTERIOR LIGHTING
2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY LIGHTING
2.2 OBJECTIVES OF AN INTERIOR LIGHTING SYSTEM
2.2.1 Outline
2.2.2 Specific considerations
2.3 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
2.4 DAYLIGHT AND ELECTRIC LIGHT
SECTION 3 TASK VISIBILITY
3.1 SCOPE
3.2 VISIBILITY AND VISUAL PERFORMANCE
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Critical detail
3.3 LUMINANCES IN THE VISUAL FIELD
3.3.1 Adaptation luminance
3.3.2 Adaptation level
3.3.3 Luminance ratios
3.3.4 Luminance and illuminance
3.4 THE EFFECTS OF ILLUMINANCE
3.4.1 General working planes
3.4.2 Influence of illuminance on task performance
3.4.3 Influence of illuminance on overall lighting quality
3.5 THE USE OF MAGNIFICATION
3.6 RECOMMENDED ILLUMINANCES
3.7 MAINTENANCE OF ILLUMINANCE
3.8 UNIFORMITY OF ILLUMINANCE
3.8.1 General considerations
3.8.2 General lighting systems
3.8.3 Task area lighting
3.8.4 Combinations of general and local lighting
3.8.5 Adjacent spaces
3.9 FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR TASK CHARACTERISTICS
3.9.1 Matt tasks
3.9.2 Specular tasks
3.9.3 Gloss tasks and the luminance factor
3.9.4 Surrounds
3.10 EXAMPLES OF VISUAL PERFORMANCE
3.11 DEPARTURES FROM THE RECOMMENDED MAINTAINED ILLUMINANCES
3.11.1 General comments
3.11.2 Higher values of maintained illuminance
3.11.3 Lower values of maintained illuminance
SECTION 4 DIRECTIONAL EFFECTS OF LIGHTING
4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
4.2 MODELLING AND SHADOWS
4.2.1 Diffuse and directional light
4.2.2 Particular effects
4.2.3 Vector/scalar ratio
4.3 REVEALING TASK CHARACTERISTICS
4.4 REVEALING THE ENVIRONMENT
SECTION 5 UNWANTED REFLECTIONS
5.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
5.2 RELATIVE LOCATION OF TASKS, LIGHT SOURCES AND SCREENING
5.3 USE OF LOCAL LIGHTING (INCREASING TASK ILLUMINANCE)
5.4 LIMITATION OF SOURCE LUMINANCE
5.5 AVOIDANCE OF GLOSSY SURFACES IN VISUAL TASK SURROUNDS
5.6 REFLECTIONS IN SCREEN-BASED EQUIPMENT
5.7 CONTRAST RENDERING FACTOR
SECTION 6 SURFACES
6.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
6.2 SURFACE REFLECTANCES FOR EFFICIENT LIGHT DISTRIBUTION
6.3 SURFACE REFLECTANCES FOR GOOD SEEING CONDITIONS
6.3.1 Importance of room surface reflectances
6.3.2 Ceilings
6.3.3 Walls
6.3.4 Floors
6.3.5 Furniture and equipment
6.4 NATURE OF SURFACE FINISHES
6.5 COLOUR OF SURFACES
6.6 COLOUR FOR IDENTIFICATION AND SAFETY
6.6.1 Basic principles
6.6.2 Standard safety colours
6.6.3 Colour for identification
6.7 AVOIDING DISTRACTING PATTERNS
SECTION 7 LIGHT SOURCE COLOUR
7.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
7.2 COLOUR APPEARANCE OF SOURCES
7.3 COLOUR RENDERING OF SOURCES
7.4 NATURE OF THE TASK
7.5 NATURE OF THE INTERIOR
7.5.1 General considerations
7.5.2 Interior colour schemes
7.6 COMPATIBILITY WITH DAYLIGHT
7.7 COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER LAMPS
7.8 MAINTENANCE
SECTION 8 GLARE AND RELATED EFFECTS
8.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATION
8.1.1 Introduction
8.1.2 Reduction of glare from windows
8.1.3 Reduction of glare from luminaires
8.2 DISABILITY GLARE
8.2.1 General principles
8.2.2 Cut-off angles
8.3 DISCOMFORT GLARE
8.3.1 General principles
8.3.2 Systems for the limitation of discomfort glare
8.3.3 The CIE UGR system
8.3.4 Luminaire selection system
8.4 GLOOM IN INTERIORS
8.5 TRANSIENT ADAPTATION EFFECTS
SECTION 9 LIGHT SOURCES, LUMINAIRES AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
9.1 SCOPE
9.2 DAYLIGHT
9.3 WINDOWS AND ROOFLIGHTS
9.4 ELECTRIC LAMPS
9.4.1 Types
9.4.2 Lamp characteristics
9.4.3 Control gear
9.4.4 Flicker
9.4.5 Stroboscopic effects
9.4.6 Electronic control gear
9.4.7 Innovations and trends
9.5 LUMINAIRES
9.5.1 Luminaire Standards
9.5.2 Luminaire characteristics
9.6 CONTROL SYSTEMS (FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING)
9.6.1 The function of control systems
9.6.2 Switching
9.6.3 Dimming
SECTION 10 LIGHTING SYSTEMS
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS
10.2.1 General considerations
10.2.2 Windows
10.2.3 The use of windows
10.2.4 Rooflights
10.2.5 Use of rooflights
10.2.6 Glazing recommendations
10.2.7 Control of sunlight penetration
10.3 ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEMS
10.3.1 General comments
10.3.2 General lighting systems
10.3.3 Localized general lighting systems
10.3.4 Local lighting systems
10.3.5 Environmental lighting systems
10.3.6 Emergency evacuation lighting systems
10.3.7 Safety lighting systems
10.3.8 Effect and atmosphere lighting systems
10.4 METHODS WHICH CAN BE APPLIED IN LIGHTING SYSTEMS
10.4.1 General comments
10.4.2 Direct lighting
10.4.3 Indirect lighting
10.4.4 Directindirect lighting
10.5 LOCATION OF LUMINAIRES
10.5.1 General
10.5.2 Illumination of ceilings
10.5.3 Illumination of walls
10.6 DAYLIGHT-ELECTRIC LIGHT INTEGRATION
10.7 ENERGY-EFFECTIVE LIGHTING
10.7.1 General comments
10.7.2 General measures for energy saving
10.7.3 Energy savings from reduction in electrical load
10.7.4 Energy savings from reduction in time of use
10.7.5 Energy calculations
SECTION 11 LIGHTING DESIGN PROCEDURE
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 OBJECTIVES
11.2.1 Introduction
11.2.2 Safety
11.2.3 Identifying visual tasks
11.2.4 Creating appearance and atmosphere
11.2.5 Priorities and constraints
11.3 SPECIFICATION
11.4 PRELIMINARY DESIGN
11.4.1 Introduction
11.4.2 Room surfaces
11.4.3 Daylight
11.4.4 Choice of electric lighting systems
11.4.5 Choice of lamp and luminaire
11.4.6 Lighting system management
11.5 DETAILED DESIGN
11.6 APPRAISAL
SECTION 12 MAINTENANCE OF LIGHTING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
12.1 NEED FOR MAINTENANCE
12.2 MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEMS
12.3 DEPRECIATION AND MAINTENANCE OF WINDOWS AND ROOFLIGHTS
12.3.1 Causes of light loss
12.3.2 Depreciation due to dirt
12.3.3 Maintenance of windows and rooflights
12.4 MAINTENANCE OF ROOM SURFACES
12.4.1 Deterioration of room surfaces
12.4.2 Room surface cleaning interval
APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX B - CALCULATION AND MEASUREMENT OF ILLUMINANCE
B1 INTRODUCTION
B2 CALCULATION GRIDS
B3 MEASUREMENT
B3.1 Basic considerations
B3.2 Measurement conditions
B3.3 Average illuminance at a workstation
B3.4 Average illuminance and uniformity in an interior
B4 OTHER ILLUMINANCE MEASUREMENTS
B4.1 Scalar illuminance
B4.2 Illumination vector
APPENDIX C - NOTES ON CHANGES TO ILLUMINANCE RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDIX D - NOTES ON THE USE OF UTILIZATION FACTOR TABLES BY THE LIGHTING DESIGNER
D1 SCOPE OF APPENDIX
D2 APPLICATION OF UTILIZATION FACTORS
D3 ASSUMPTIONS USED IN UF TABLES
D4 DEFINING THE MAIN ROOM SURFACES
D5 ROOM INDEX
D6 THE AVERAGE REFLECTANCE OF A SURFACE
D7 REFLECTANCES OF PRACTICAL ROOMS
D8 MAXIMUM SPACING LIMITS FOR ACCEPTABLE UNIFORMITY
D9 PRACTICAL LAYOUTS OF LUMINAIRES
D10 USING A UTILIZATION FACTOR TABLE
APPENDIX E - FURTHER DETAILS REGARDING SURFACE COLOUR
E1 COLOUR SURFACES
E1.1 Basic considerations
E1.2 Suitable types of colour
E1.3 Suitable colour schemes
APPENDIX F - BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
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References
- AS/NZS 3827.2:1998
Lighting system performance - Accuracies and tolerances - Compliance requirements
AS/NZS 4251.1:1999Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic emission standard - Residential, commercial and light industry
AS/NZS 4251.2:1999Electromagnetic compatibility - Generic emission standard - Industrial environments
Related Information
Building Code Compliance Document F6
Ministry: Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment - Building Systems Performance (BSP)
Section: AS1
Citation context:Best Practice Guidelines for the Safe Use of Machinery
Ministry: WorkSafe New Zealand
Section: 11.7 More Information
Citation context:
...AS/NZS 1680.1 Interior and workplace lighting – General principles and recommendations...Building Code Compliance Document G7
Ministry: Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment - Building Systems Performance (BSP)
Section: VM1
Citation context:- 91.160.10 Interior lighting
Similar Standards
- AS/NZS 1680.0:2009
Interior lighting - Safe movement
- AS/NZS 1680.2.1:2008
Interior and workplace lighting - Part 2.1: Specific applications - Circulation spaces and other general areas - AS/NZS 1680.2.2:2008
Interior and workplace lighting - Part 2.2: Specific applications - Office and screen-based tasks - AS/NZS 1680.2.3:2008
Interior and workplace lighting - Part 2.3: Specific applications - Educational and training facilities
AS/NZS 1680.1:2006 INTERIOR AND WORKPLACE LIGHTING - GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
PREFACE
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 OBJECTIVE
1.3 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
1.4 DEFINITIONS
1.4.1 Average illuminance
1.4.2 Cut-off angle (of a luminaire)
1.4.3 Initial illuminance
1.4.4 Maintained illuminance
1.4.5 Task area
1.4.6 Task detail
1.4.7 Task illuminance
1.4.8 Task surroundings
1.4.9 (Visual) task
1.4.10 Uniformity of illuminance
1.4.11 Unwanted reflections
1.4.12 Veiling reflections
1.4.13 Visual system
1.4.14 Working plane
SECTION 2 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD INTERIOR LIGHTING
2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY LIGHTING
2.2 OBJECTIVES OF AN INTERIOR LIGHTING SYSTEM
2.2.1 Outline
2.2.2 Specific considerations
2.3 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
2.4 DAYLIGHT AND ELECTRIC LIGHT
SECTION 3 TASK VISIBILITY
3.1 SCOPE
3.2 VISIBILITY AND VISUAL PERFORMANCE
3.2.1 General
3.2.2 Critical detail
3.3 LUMINANCES IN THE VISUAL FIELD
3.3.1 Adaptation luminance
3.3.2 Adaptation level
3.3.3 Luminance ratios
3.3.4 Luminance and illuminance
3.4 THE EFFECTS OF ILLUMINANCE
3.4.1 General working planes
3.4.2 Influence of illuminance on task performance
3.4.3 Influence of illuminance on overall lighting quality
3.5 THE USE OF MAGNIFICATION
3.6 RECOMMENDED ILLUMINANCES
3.7 MAINTENANCE OF ILLUMINANCE
3.8 UNIFORMITY OF ILLUMINANCE
3.8.1 General considerations
3.8.2 General lighting systems
3.8.3 Task area lighting
3.8.4 Combinations of general and local lighting
3.8.5 Adjacent spaces
3.9 FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS FOR TASK CHARACTERISTICS
3.9.1 Matt tasks
3.9.2 Specular tasks
3.9.3 Gloss tasks and the luminance factor
3.9.4 Surrounds
3.10 EXAMPLES OF VISUAL PERFORMANCE
3.11 DEPARTURES FROM THE RECOMMENDED MAINTAINED ILLUMINANCES
3.11.1 General comments
3.11.2 Higher values of maintained illuminance
3.11.3 Lower values of maintained illuminance
SECTION 4 DIRECTIONAL EFFECTS OF LIGHTING
4.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
4.2 MODELLING AND SHADOWS
4.2.1 Diffuse and directional light
4.2.2 Particular effects
4.2.3 Vector/scalar ratio
4.3 REVEALING TASK CHARACTERISTICS
4.4 REVEALING THE ENVIRONMENT
SECTION 5 UNWANTED REFLECTIONS
5.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
5.2 RELATIVE LOCATION OF TASKS, LIGHT SOURCES AND SCREENING
5.3 USE OF LOCAL LIGHTING (INCREASING TASK ILLUMINANCE)
5.4 LIMITATION OF SOURCE LUMINANCE
5.5 AVOIDANCE OF GLOSSY SURFACES IN VISUAL TASK SURROUNDS
5.6 REFLECTIONS IN SCREEN-BASED EQUIPMENT
5.7 CONTRAST RENDERING FACTOR
SECTION 6 SURFACES
6.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
6.2 SURFACE REFLECTANCES FOR EFFICIENT LIGHT DISTRIBUTION
6.3 SURFACE REFLECTANCES FOR GOOD SEEING CONDITIONS
6.3.1 Importance of room surface reflectances
6.3.2 Ceilings
6.3.3 Walls
6.3.4 Floors
6.3.5 Furniture and equipment
6.4 NATURE OF SURFACE FINISHES
6.5 COLOUR OF SURFACES
6.6 COLOUR FOR IDENTIFICATION AND SAFETY
6.6.1 Basic principles
6.6.2 Standard safety colours
6.6.3 Colour for identification
6.7 AVOIDING DISTRACTING PATTERNS
SECTION 7 LIGHT SOURCE COLOUR
7.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
7.2 COLOUR APPEARANCE OF SOURCES
7.3 COLOUR RENDERING OF SOURCES
7.4 NATURE OF THE TASK
7.5 NATURE OF THE INTERIOR
7.5.1 General considerations
7.5.2 Interior colour schemes
7.6 COMPATIBILITY WITH DAYLIGHT
7.7 COMPATIBILITY WITH OTHER LAMPS
7.8 MAINTENANCE
SECTION 8 GLARE AND RELATED EFFECTS
8.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATION
8.1.1 Introduction
8.1.2 Reduction of glare from windows
8.1.3 Reduction of glare from luminaires
8.2 DISABILITY GLARE
8.2.1 General principles
8.2.2 Cut-off angles
8.3 DISCOMFORT GLARE
8.3.1 General principles
8.3.2 Systems for the limitation of discomfort glare
8.3.3 The CIE UGR system
8.3.4 Luminaire selection system
8.4 GLOOM IN INTERIORS
8.5 TRANSIENT ADAPTATION EFFECTS
SECTION 9 LIGHT SOURCES, LUMINAIRES AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
9.1 SCOPE
9.2 DAYLIGHT
9.3 WINDOWS AND ROOFLIGHTS
9.4 ELECTRIC LAMPS
9.4.1 Types
9.4.2 Lamp characteristics
9.4.3 Control gear
9.4.4 Flicker
9.4.5 Stroboscopic effects
9.4.6 Electronic control gear
9.4.7 Innovations and trends
9.5 LUMINAIRES
9.5.1 Luminaire Standards
9.5.2 Luminaire characteristics
9.6 CONTROL SYSTEMS (FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING)
9.6.1 The function of control systems
9.6.2 Switching
9.6.3 Dimming
SECTION 10 LIGHTING SYSTEMS
10.1 INTRODUCTION
10.2 DAYLIGHTING SYSTEMS
10.2.1 General considerations
10.2.2 Windows
10.2.3 The use of windows
10.2.4 Rooflights
10.2.5 Use of rooflights
10.2.6 Glazing recommendations
10.2.7 Control of sunlight penetration
10.3 ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEMS
10.3.1 General comments
10.3.2 General lighting systems
10.3.3 Localized general lighting systems
10.3.4 Local lighting systems
10.3.5 Environmental lighting systems
10.3.6 Emergency evacuation lighting systems
10.3.7 Safety lighting systems
10.3.8 Effect and atmosphere lighting systems
10.4 METHODS WHICH CAN BE APPLIED IN LIGHTING SYSTEMS
10.4.1 General comments
10.4.2 Direct lighting
10.4.3 Indirect lighting
10.4.4 Directindirect lighting
10.5 LOCATION OF LUMINAIRES
10.5.1 General
10.5.2 Illumination of ceilings
10.5.3 Illumination of walls
10.6 DAYLIGHT-ELECTRIC LIGHT INTEGRATION
10.7 ENERGY-EFFECTIVE LIGHTING
10.7.1 General comments
10.7.2 General measures for energy saving
10.7.3 Energy savings from reduction in electrical load
10.7.4 Energy savings from reduction in time of use
10.7.5 Energy calculations
SECTION 11 LIGHTING DESIGN PROCEDURE
11.1 INTRODUCTION
11.2 OBJECTIVES
11.2.1 Introduction
11.2.2 Safety
11.2.3 Identifying visual tasks
11.2.4 Creating appearance and atmosphere
11.2.5 Priorities and constraints
11.3 SPECIFICATION
11.4 PRELIMINARY DESIGN
11.4.1 Introduction
11.4.2 Room surfaces
11.4.3 Daylight
11.4.4 Choice of electric lighting systems
11.4.5 Choice of lamp and luminaire
11.4.6 Lighting system management
11.5 DETAILED DESIGN
11.6 APPRAISAL
SECTION 12 MAINTENANCE OF LIGHTING SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
12.1 NEED FOR MAINTENANCE
12.2 MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRIC LIGHTING SYSTEMS
12.3 DEPRECIATION AND MAINTENANCE OF WINDOWS AND ROOFLIGHTS
12.3.1 Causes of light loss
12.3.2 Depreciation due to dirt
12.3.3 Maintenance of windows and rooflights
12.4 MAINTENANCE OF ROOM SURFACES
12.4.1 Deterioration of room surfaces
12.4.2 Room surface cleaning interval
APPENDIX A - LIST OF REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
APPENDIX B - CALCULATION AND MEASUREMENT OF ILLUMINANCE
B1 INTRODUCTION
B2 CALCULATION GRIDS
B3 MEASUREMENT
B3.1 Basic considerations
B3.2 Measurement conditions
B3.3 Average illuminance at a workstation
B3.4 Average illuminance and uniformity in an interior
B4 OTHER ILLUMINANCE MEASUREMENTS
B4.1 Scalar illuminance
B4.2 Illumination vector
APPENDIX C - NOTES ON CHANGES TO ILLUMINANCE RECOMMENDATIONS
APPENDIX D - NOTES ON THE USE OF UTILIZATION FACTOR TABLES BY THE LIGHTING DESIGNER
D1 SCOPE OF APPENDIX
D2 APPLICATION OF UTILIZATION FACTORS
D3 ASSUMPTIONS USED IN UF TABLES
D4 DEFINING THE MAIN ROOM SURFACES
D5 ROOM INDEX
D6 THE AVERAGE REFLECTANCE OF A SURFACE
D7 REFLECTANCES OF PRACTICAL ROOMS
D8 MAXIMUM SPACING LIMITS FOR ACCEPTABLE UNIFORMITY
D9 PRACTICAL LAYOUTS OF LUMINAIRES
D10 USING A UTILIZATION FACTOR TABLE
APPENDIX E - FURTHER DETAILS REGARDING SURFACE COLOUR
E1 COLOUR SURFACES
E1.1 Basic considerations
E1.2 Suitable types of colour
E1.3 Suitable colour schemes
APPENDIX F - BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES