NZS 4299:2020
Earth buildings not requiring specific engineering design
Objective is to provide a core resource for building consent authorities determining compliance with the New Zealand Building Code (NZBC) and has given guidance to designers, builders, owner-builders and others involved in the construction of successful earth walled buildings in New Zealand, and elsewhere around the world. There has been no failure reported to date of any earth building built in accordance with this suite of standards. Earth walled construction continues to be relevant at a time when the sustainability and decarbonising of the built environment is under scrutiny. Earthen materials are minimally processed, have low toxicity, and are available locally. This will encourage and enable the uptake of local earthen materials with very low embodied energy within a decarbonising building industry. The revised standard continues to be a core resource and reflect advances in earth building practice, research, changes in referenced standards, and changes in building legislation: the Building Act 2004 and the New Zealand Building Code.
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NZS 4299:2020 Earth buildings not requiring specific engineering design
CONTENTS
1 SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION
1.1 Scope
1.2 Limitations
1.3 Building components
1.4 Interpretation
1.5 Definitions
1.6 Abbreviations
2 GENERAL
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methods of construction
2.3 Wind zones for weather protection
2.4 Wind zones for roof design
2.5 Snow loads
2.6 Durability
2.7 Weather protection
2.8 Energy efficiency
3 SITE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Soil-bearing capacity
3.2 Soil types
3.3 Test method for soil bearing
3.4 Bearing
3.5 Site
4 BRACING DEMAND
4.1 General
4.2 Earthquake demand
4.3 Calculation of wind bracing demand
4.4 Calculation of design bracing demand
5 FOOTINGS AND CONCRETE SLAB ON GROUND
5.1 General
5.2 Footings
5.3 Reinforcement of footings
5.4 Cover to reinforcement
5.5 Vertical wall starter reinforcement
5.6 Concrete slab-on-ground floors
6 WALLS
6.1 General
6.2 Wall systems to resist vertical loads
6.3 Earth wall systems to resist horizontal loads
6.4 Reinforcement of earth walls
6.5 Reinforcement of rammed earth walls
6.6 Shear connections
6.7 Soffit-to-wall junction
6.8 Timber-framed gable wall
6.9 Reverse soffit eaves
7 STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGMS
7.1 General
7.2 Roof and ceiling diaphragms
7.3 Openings in diaphragms
8 BOND BEAMS
8.1 General
8.2 Bond beams with structural diaphragms
8.3 Earth walls without structural diaphragms
8.4 Intersection of timber bond beams
8.5 Concrete bond beam details
8.6 Gable-shaped walls
8.7 Timber gable end walls above earth walls
9 LINTELS
9.1 General
9.2 Timber lintels
9.3 Concrete lintels
10 WALL OPENINGS AND FIXINGS
10.1 Windows
10.2 Fixings for timber-framed walls
10.3 Arches
10.4 Penetrations
11 CONTROL JOINTS
11.1 General
11.2 Control joints for rammed earth walls
11.3 Control joints for adobe and pressed brick walls
12 INTERNAL ADOBE BRICK VENEER
12.1 Scope
12.2 Foundation
12.3 Upstand
12.4 Damp-proof course
12.5 Timber Framing
12.6 Timber bottom plates
12.7 Cavities
12.8 Adobe veneer bricks
12.9 Wall ties
12.10 Horizontal reinforcing
12.11 Openings
12.12 Securing top bricks
12.13 Wall finishing
12.14 Wall bracing design
12.15 Additional wall bracing demand for adobe veneer walls
12.16 Additional requirements for wall bracing for adobe veneer walls
12.17 Joints in top plates
13 EARTH FLOORS
13.1 General
13.2 Scope
13.3 Performance criteria
13.4 Construction details
APPENDIX A – Basis of engineering design
A1 Design standards
A2 Design strengths, factors, and loads
A3 Structural concept for earth walls
A4 Bond beam span tables derivations
A5 Lintel span tables derivations
A6 Internal adobe veneer walls (section 12)
A7 Seismic lateral force coefficients for adobe veneer walls
APPENDIX B – Worked examples
APPENDIX D – Light earth method or LEM
D1 General
D2 Scope and exclusions
D3 Definitions
D4 Non-loadbearing LEM construction
D5 Structure
D6 Moisture
D7 Plaster
D8 Roofs
D9 Pipework and LEM walls
D10 Electrical services in LEM walls
D11 Thermal insulation
D12 Fire
D13 Diagrams
APPENDIX E – Straw-bale construction
E1 General
E2 Scope
E3 Definitions
E4 Materials
E5 Wall construction
E6 External and internal moisture control for straw bale
E7 Plaster
E8 Separation of bales from other materials
E9 Control of exterior and interior moisture
E10 Roof
E11 Pipework and straw-bale walls
E12 Electrical services in straw-bale walls
E13 Thermal insulation R value
E14 Durability
E15 Fire
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NZS 4299:2020 Earth buildings not requiring specific engineering design
CONTENTS
1 SCOPE AND INTERPRETATION
1.1 Scope
1.2 Limitations
1.3 Building components
1.4 Interpretation
1.5 Definitions
1.6 Abbreviations
2 GENERAL
2.1 Materials
2.2 Methods of construction
2.3 Wind zones for weather protection
2.4 Wind zones for roof design
2.5 Snow loads
2.6 Durability
2.7 Weather protection
2.8 Energy efficiency
3 SITE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Soil-bearing capacity
3.2 Soil types
3.3 Test method for soil bearing
3.4 Bearing
3.5 Site
4 BRACING DEMAND
4.1 General
4.2 Earthquake demand
4.3 Calculation of wind bracing demand
4.4 Calculation of design bracing demand
5 FOOTINGS AND CONCRETE SLAB ON GROUND
5.1 General
5.2 Footings
5.3 Reinforcement of footings
5.4 Cover to reinforcement
5.5 Vertical wall starter reinforcement
5.6 Concrete slab-on-ground floors
6 WALLS
6.1 General
6.2 Wall systems to resist vertical loads
6.3 Earth wall systems to resist horizontal loads
6.4 Reinforcement of earth walls
6.5 Reinforcement of rammed earth walls
6.6 Shear connections
6.7 Soffit-to-wall junction
6.8 Timber-framed gable wall
6.9 Reverse soffit eaves
7 STRUCTURAL DIAPHRAGMS
7.1 General
7.2 Roof and ceiling diaphragms
7.3 Openings in diaphragms
8 BOND BEAMS
8.1 General
8.2 Bond beams with structural diaphragms
8.3 Earth walls without structural diaphragms
8.4 Intersection of timber bond beams
8.5 Concrete bond beam details
8.6 Gable-shaped walls
8.7 Timber gable end walls above earth walls
9 LINTELS
9.1 General
9.2 Timber lintels
9.3 Concrete lintels
10 WALL OPENINGS AND FIXINGS
10.1 Windows
10.2 Fixings for timber-framed walls
10.3 Arches
10.4 Penetrations
11 CONTROL JOINTS
11.1 General
11.2 Control joints for rammed earth walls
11.3 Control joints for adobe and pressed brick walls
12 INTERNAL ADOBE BRICK VENEER
12.1 Scope
12.2 Foundation
12.3 Upstand
12.4 Damp-proof course
12.5 Timber Framing
12.6 Timber bottom plates
12.7 Cavities
12.8 Adobe veneer bricks
12.9 Wall ties
12.10 Horizontal reinforcing
12.11 Openings
12.12 Securing top bricks
12.13 Wall finishing
12.14 Wall bracing design
12.15 Additional wall bracing demand for adobe veneer walls
12.16 Additional requirements for wall bracing for adobe veneer walls
12.17 Joints in top plates
13 EARTH FLOORS
13.1 General
13.2 Scope
13.3 Performance criteria
13.4 Construction details
APPENDIX A – Basis of engineering design
A1 Design standards
A2 Design strengths, factors, and loads
A3 Structural concept for earth walls
A4 Bond beam span tables derivations
A5 Lintel span tables derivations
A6 Internal adobe veneer walls (section 12)
A7 Seismic lateral force coefficients for adobe veneer walls
APPENDIX B – Worked examples
APPENDIX D – Light earth method or LEM
D1 General
D2 Scope and exclusions
D3 Definitions
D4 Non-loadbearing LEM construction
D5 Structure
D6 Moisture
D7 Plaster
D8 Roofs
D9 Pipework and LEM walls
D10 Electrical services in LEM walls
D11 Thermal insulation
D12 Fire
D13 Diagrams
APPENDIX E – Straw-bale construction
E1 General
E2 Scope
E3 Definitions
E4 Materials
E5 Wall construction
E6 External and internal moisture control for straw bale
E7 Plaster
E8 Separation of bales from other materials
E9 Control of exterior and interior moisture
E10 Roof
E11 Pipework and straw-bale walls
E12 Electrical services in straw-bale walls
E13 Thermal insulation R value
E14 Durability
E15 Fire
Previous versions
NZS 4299:2020
Online Library subscription pricing
The cost of your subscription will depend on which standards you want to access, and how many people in your organisation need to be able to access the Online Library subscription at the same time (concurrent users). During your subscription period, we are also able to make any necessary changes and ensure you are aware of any pricing changes that result. For a quote, contact our Online Library team by emailing onlinelibrary@standards.govt.nz.