NZS 2403:2015
Code of practice for deep geothermal wells
Sets out the requirements of design and work practices necessary to ensure the safe drilling and operation of wells that penetrate hot subsurface conditions, particularly in volcanic regions, by the geothermal industry of New Zealand. It promotes best practice in the management of deep geothermal wells throughout their lifetime from drilling through to abandonment of wells. It provides guidance and encourages operators, drilling contractors, service companies, regulators, and other stakeholders to improve the overall management of wells, including safety and environmental management.
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Referenced documents
Latest revisions
Review of standards
Foreword
Outcome statement
1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.2 Variation from mandatory provisions
1.3 Definitions
1.4 Units of measurement
1.5 Notation
1.6 Abbreviations
1.7 Interpretation
1.8 Record keeping
2 WELL DESIGN
2.1 In this section
2.2 Casing strings
2.3 Well design process
2.4 Subsurface conditions
2.5 Maximum Design Pressure
2.6 Pressure containment
2.7 Casing setting depths
2.8 Casing diameters
2.9 Casing materials and performance properties
2.10 Casing stress
2.11 Permanent wellheads
2.12 Review and modification of well design during drilling
2.13 Well design records
3 WELL SITES
3.1 In this section
3.2 Well site access
3.3 Well site selection
3.4 Well site design and construction
3.5 Cellar
3.6 Drainage and waste disposal
3.7 Water supply
3.8 Multi-well sites
3.9 Site security and signage
3.10 Well site records
4 DRILLING EQUIPMENT, TOOLS, AND MATERIALS
4.1 In this section
4.2 Equipment
4.3 Tools
4.4 Consumable materials
5 DRILLING AND WELL TESTING PRACTICES
5.1 In this section
5.2 Competence and supervision of personnel
5.3 Drilling fluids and hydraulics
5.4 Drill string practice
5.5 Well control
5.6 Running casing
5.7 Cementing casing
5.8 Lost circulation
5.9 Directional drilling
5.10 Fishing
5.11 Well completion
5.12 Well logging and testing
5.13 Drilling records
6 WELL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
6.1 In this section
6.2 Maintaining well integrity
6.3 Well monitoring
6.4 Wells in operation
6.5 Workovers
6.6 Suspended wells
6.7 Well site maintenance
6.8 Well operation and maintenance records
7 WELL ABANDONMENT
7.1 In this section
7.2 Purpose and requirements for abandonment
7.3 Well assessment prior to abandonment
7.4 Abandonment operations
7.5 Well abandonment records
APPENDIX A – Consolidation grouting
Table 1 – Variation of ambient pressure and boiling temperature for pure water with elevation
Table 2 – The well design process, step by step
Table 3 – Standard hydrostatic pressures and BPD temperatures for a column of pure water with no dissolved gas
Table 4 – Effect of temperature on casing properties
Table 5 – Minimum design factors
Table 6 – Recommended pressure limits for threaded CHFs
Table 7 – API/ANSI flange compatibility (non-exhaustive list)
Table 8 – API specifications and recommended practice for rotary equipment
Table 9 – Content of drilling records
Table 10 – Content of daily drilling activity record
Figure 1 – Naming conventions used for casing strings and liners
Figure 2 – Downhole and wellhead fluid conditions
Figure 3 – Example of minimum casing shoe depth selection method
Figure 4 – Example of casing forces calculation before cement set
Figure 5 – Casing stress dependence on temperature
Figure 6 – Typical permanent wellhead
Figure 7 – Wellhead working pressure de-rating for flanges and valves conforming to ANSI/ASME B16.5 and to API Spec 6A
Figure 8 – Typical drilling wellhead for use while drilling with water or mud (non-aerated)
Figure A1 – Typical consolidation grouting layout
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Referenced documents
Latest revisions
Review of standards
Foreword
Outcome statement
1 GENERAL
1.1 Scope
1.2 Variation from mandatory provisions
1.3 Definitions
1.4 Units of measurement
1.5 Notation
1.6 Abbreviations
1.7 Interpretation
1.8 Record keeping
2 WELL DESIGN
2.1 In this section
2.2 Casing strings
2.3 Well design process
2.4 Subsurface conditions
2.5 Maximum Design Pressure
2.6 Pressure containment
2.7 Casing setting depths
2.8 Casing diameters
2.9 Casing materials and performance properties
2.10 Casing stress
2.11 Permanent wellheads
2.12 Review and modification of well design during drilling
2.13 Well design records
3 WELL SITES
3.1 In this section
3.2 Well site access
3.3 Well site selection
3.4 Well site design and construction
3.5 Cellar
3.6 Drainage and waste disposal
3.7 Water supply
3.8 Multi-well sites
3.9 Site security and signage
3.10 Well site records
4 DRILLING EQUIPMENT, TOOLS, AND MATERIALS
4.1 In this section
4.2 Equipment
4.3 Tools
4.4 Consumable materials
5 DRILLING AND WELL TESTING PRACTICES
5.1 In this section
5.2 Competence and supervision of personnel
5.3 Drilling fluids and hydraulics
5.4 Drill string practice
5.5 Well control
5.6 Running casing
5.7 Cementing casing
5.8 Lost circulation
5.9 Directional drilling
5.10 Fishing
5.11 Well completion
5.12 Well logging and testing
5.13 Drilling records
6 WELL OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
6.1 In this section
6.2 Maintaining well integrity
6.3 Well monitoring
6.4 Wells in operation
6.5 Workovers
6.6 Suspended wells
6.7 Well site maintenance
6.8 Well operation and maintenance records
7 WELL ABANDONMENT
7.1 In this section
7.2 Purpose and requirements for abandonment
7.3 Well assessment prior to abandonment
7.4 Abandonment operations
7.5 Well abandonment records
APPENDIX A – Consolidation grouting
Table 1 – Variation of ambient pressure and boiling temperature for pure water with elevation
Table 2 – The well design process, step by step
Table 3 – Standard hydrostatic pressures and BPD temperatures for a column of pure water with no dissolved gas
Table 4 – Effect of temperature on casing properties
Table 5 – Minimum design factors
Table 6 – Recommended pressure limits for threaded CHFs
Table 7 – API/ANSI flange compatibility (non-exhaustive list)
Table 8 – API specifications and recommended practice for rotary equipment
Table 9 – Content of drilling records
Table 10 – Content of daily drilling activity record
Figure 1 – Naming conventions used for casing strings and liners
Figure 2 – Downhole and wellhead fluid conditions
Figure 3 – Example of minimum casing shoe depth selection method
Figure 4 – Example of casing forces calculation before cement set
Figure 5 – Casing stress dependence on temperature
Figure 6 – Typical permanent wellhead
Figure 7 – Wellhead working pressure de-rating for flanges and valves conforming to ANSI/ASME B16.5 and to API Spec 6A
Figure 8 – Typical drilling wellhead for use while drilling with water or mud (non-aerated)
Figure A1 – Typical consolidation grouting layout
Previous versions
NZS 2403:2015
Online Library subscription pricing
The cost of your subscription will depend on which standards you want to access, and how many people in your organisation need to be able to access the Online Library subscription at the same time (concurrent users). During your subscription period, we are also able to make any necessary changes and ensure you are aware of any pricing changes that result. For a quote, contact our Online Library team by emailing onlinelibrary@standards.govt.nz.