ISO 6145-1:2019
Gas analysis — Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic methods — Part 1: General aspects
This document gives a brief overview of each of the dynamic techniques which are described in detail in the subsequent parts of ISO 6145. This document provides basic information to support an informed choice for one or another method for the preparation of calibration gas mixtures. It also describes how these methods can be linked to national measurement standards to establish metrological traceability for the composition of the prepared gas mixtures.
Since all techniques are dynamic and rely on flow rates, this document describes the calibration process by measurement of each individual flow rate generated by the device.
Methods are also provided for assessing the composition of the generated gas mixtures by comparison with an already validated calibration gas mixture.
This document provides general requirements for the use and operation of dynamic methods for gas mixture preparation. It also includes the necessary expressions for calculating the calibration gas composition and its associated uncertainty.
Gas mixtures obtained by these dynamic methods can be used to calibrate or control gas analysers.
The storage of dynamically prepared gas mixtures into bags or cylinders is beyond the scope of this document.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 Principle
5.1 General
5.2 Suitability of the method to the application
5.3 Piston pumps
5.4 Continuous (syringe) injection
5.5 Capillary
5.6 Critical flow orifices
5.7 Thermal mass flow controller
5.8 Diffusion
5.9 Saturation
5.10 Permeation method
5.11 Electrochemical generation
5.12 Summary
6 Recommendations for handling the dynamic system
6.1 Safety considerations
6.1.1 Reactions between mixture components
6.1.2 Reactions with dynamic system materials
6.2 Quality considerations
6.2.1 Purity of parent gas standards or "zero" gas
6.2.2 Gas handling
7 Calibration methods of a dynamic system
7.1 Generalities on the calibration
7.2 Calibration of each element
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Calibration devices for flow rate: Principle and uncertainty
7.3 Single point calibration of a dynamic system by comparison with reference gas mixtures
7.4 Calibration certificate
8 Calculation of the composition and its uncertainty
8.1 General
8.2 Calculations for volumetric methods
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Formulae
8.3 Calculations for gravimetric methods
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Formula
9 Sources of uncertainty and uncertainty of the final mixture
10 Verification
10.1 Principle
10.2 Verification criteria
10.3 Recalibration criteria
Annex A (normative) Calculation details
Annex B (informative) Atomic weights and molar masses
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 Principle
5.1 General
5.2 Suitability of the method to the application
5.3 Piston pumps
5.4 Continuous (syringe) injection
5.5 Capillary
5.6 Critical flow orifices
5.7 Thermal mass flow controller
5.8 Diffusion
5.9 Saturation
5.10 Permeation method
5.11 Electrochemical generation
5.12 Summary
6 Recommendations for handling the dynamic system
6.1 Safety considerations
6.1.1 Reactions between mixture components
6.1.2 Reactions with dynamic system materials
6.2 Quality considerations
6.2.1 Purity of parent gas standards or "zero" gas
6.2.2 Gas handling
7 Calibration methods of a dynamic system
7.1 Generalities on the calibration
7.2 Calibration of each element
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Calibration devices for flow rate: Principle and uncertainty
7.3 Single point calibration of a dynamic system by comparison with reference gas mixtures
7.4 Calibration certificate
8 Calculation of the composition and its uncertainty
8.1 General
8.2 Calculations for volumetric methods
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 Formulae
8.3 Calculations for gravimetric methods
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Formula
9 Sources of uncertainty and uncertainty of the final mixture
10 Verification
10.1 Principle
10.2 Verification criteria
10.3 Recalibration criteria
Annex A (normative) Calculation details
Annex B (informative) Atomic weights and molar masses
Bibliography