ISO 24578:2021
Hydrometry — Acoustic Doppler profiler — Method and application for measurement of flow in open channels from a moving boat
This document gives guidelines for the use of boat-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) for determining flow in open channels. It describes a number of methods of deploying ADCPs to determine flow. Although, in some cases, these measurements are intended to determine the stage-discharge relationship of a gauging station, this document deals only with single determination of discharge.
ADCPs can be used to measure a variety of parameters, such as current or stream flow, water velocity fields, and channel bathymetry. As a potential application, an idea of bedload discharge can be obtained applying the bottom track velocity, while suspended sediment flow can be obtained applying the acoustic backscatter and the sonar equation. This document is generic in form and contains no operational details specific to particular ADCP makes and models.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principles of the boat mounted ADCP method
4.1 General
4.2 Doppler principle applied to moving objects
4.3 Acoustic Doppler current profiler techniques
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Pulse incoherent
4.3.3 Pulse-to-pulse coherent
4.3.4 Broadband (Spread spectrum)
4.4 Measurement of velocity profile
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Measurement of relative velocity
4.4.3 Measurement of boat velocity
4.4.4 Near boundary data collection
4.5 Speed of sound in water
5 Flow determination
5.1 General method
5.2 Measurement procedure
5.3 Method dealing with moving-bed condition without GNSS system
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Stationary moving-bed method
5.3.3 Azimuth method
5.3.4 Subsection correction method
5.3.5 Loop method
5.3.6 Mid-section method
6 Site selection
6.1 General
6.2 Site-selection criteria
7 ADCP Deployment procedure
7.1 Deployment techniques
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Manned boat mounted
7.1.3 Tethered boat
7.1.4 Deployment on a remote-control craft
7.1.5 Data retrieval modes
7.2 Operation of boat
7.2.1 Boat path
7.2.2 Boat speed
7.3 Field procedures
7.3.1 Pre-field procedures
7.3.2 Field setup
7.3.3 Reviewing ADCP data during measurement
7.3.4 Post measurement requirements
7.4 Ancillary equipment
7.5 Other consideration
7.5.1 Edge distances
7.5.2 Depth measurements at sites with high sediment concentrations
7.5.3 GNSS compass
7.6 Maintenance and ADCP checks
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Built-in diagnostic check
7.6.3 Periodic major service in the manufacturer
7.6.4 Periodic ADCP performance check
7.6.5 Physical maintenance
7.6.6 Beam-alignment test
7.7 Training
8 Uncertainty
8.1 General
8.2 Definition of uncertainty
8.3 Uncertainties in ADCP measurements — General considerations
8.4 Sources of uncertainty
8.5 Minimizing uncertainties
Annex A (informative) Velocity distribution theory and the extrapolation of velocity profiles
Annex B (informative) Determination of edge discharges
Annex C (informative) Example of an equipment check list
Annex D (informative) Example of ADCP gauging field sheets
Annex E (informative) Beam alignment test
Annex F (informative) Uncertainty evaluation methods
Bibliography
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Related Information
Similar Standards
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BS 3680-10B:1980
Measurement of liquid flow in open channels. Sediment transport, Measurement of suspended sediment
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BS 3680-10C:1996
Measurement of liquid flow in open channels. Sediment transport, Guide to methods of sampling of sand-bed and cohesive-bed materials
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BS 3680-10E:1993
Measurement of liquid flow in open channels. Sediment transport, Sampling and analysis of gravel bed material
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BS 3680-2A:1995
Measurement of liquid flow in open channels. Dilution methods, General
Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Principles of the boat mounted ADCP method
4.1 General
4.2 Doppler principle applied to moving objects
4.3 Acoustic Doppler current profiler techniques
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Pulse incoherent
4.3.3 Pulse-to-pulse coherent
4.3.4 Broadband (Spread spectrum)
4.4 Measurement of velocity profile
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Measurement of relative velocity
4.4.3 Measurement of boat velocity
4.4.4 Near boundary data collection
4.5 Speed of sound in water
5 Flow determination
5.1 General method
5.2 Measurement procedure
5.3 Method dealing with moving-bed condition without GNSS system
5.3.1 General
5.3.2 Stationary moving-bed method
5.3.3 Azimuth method
5.3.4 Subsection correction method
5.3.5 Loop method
5.3.6 Mid-section method
6 Site selection
6.1 General
6.2 Site-selection criteria
7 ADCP Deployment procedure
7.1 Deployment techniques
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Manned boat mounted
7.1.3 Tethered boat
7.1.4 Deployment on a remote-control craft
7.1.5 Data retrieval modes
7.2 Operation of boat
7.2.1 Boat path
7.2.2 Boat speed
7.3 Field procedures
7.3.1 Pre-field procedures
7.3.2 Field setup
7.3.3 Reviewing ADCP data during measurement
7.3.4 Post measurement requirements
7.4 Ancillary equipment
7.5 Other consideration
7.5.1 Edge distances
7.5.2 Depth measurements at sites with high sediment concentrations
7.5.3 GNSS compass
7.6 Maintenance and ADCP checks
7.6.1 General
7.6.2 Built-in diagnostic check
7.6.3 Periodic major service in the manufacturer
7.6.4 Periodic ADCP performance check
7.6.5 Physical maintenance
7.6.6 Beam-alignment test
7.7 Training
8 Uncertainty
8.1 General
8.2 Definition of uncertainty
8.3 Uncertainties in ADCP measurements — General considerations
8.4 Sources of uncertainty
8.5 Minimizing uncertainties
Annex A (informative) Velocity distribution theory and the extrapolation of velocity profiles
Annex B (informative) Determination of edge discharges
Annex C (informative) Example of an equipment check list
Annex D (informative) Example of ADCP gauging field sheets
Annex E (informative) Beam alignment test
Annex F (informative) Uncertainty evaluation methods
Bibliography