ISO 20421-1:2019
Cryogenic vessels — Large transportable vacuum-insulated vessels — Part 1: Design, fabrication, inspection and testing
This document specifies requirements for the design, fabrication, inspection and testing of large transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels of more than 450 l volume, which are permanently (fixed tanks) or not permanently (demountable tanks and portable tanks) attached to a means of transport, for one or more modes of transport.
This document applies to large transportable vacuum-insulated cryogenic vessels for fluids specified in 3.1 and does not apply to vessels designed for toxic fluids.
This document does not include the general vehicle requirements, e.g. running gear, brakes, lighting, etc.
NOTE 1 This document does not cover specific requirements for refillable liquid-hydrogen tanks that are primarily dedicated as fuel tanks in vehicles. For fuel tanks used in land vehicles, see ISO 13985.
NOTE 2 This document does not cover specific requirements for refillable liquid hydrogen and LNG tanks that are primarily dedicated as fuel tanks in vehicles. For fuel tanks used in vehicles, see ISO 13985.
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 General requirements
6 Mechanical loads
6.1 General
6.2 Load during the pressure test
7 Chemical effects
8 Thermal conditions
9 Materials
9.1 Selection of materials
9.2 Inspection documentation
10 Design
10.1 Design options
10.1.1 General
10.1.2 Design by calculation
10.1.3 Design by calculation and pressure strengthening
10.1.4 Design of components by calculation supplemented with experimental methods
10.2 Common design requirements
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Design specification
10.2.3 Design loads
10.2.4 Fatigue
10.2.5 Corrosion allowance
10.2.6 Inspection openings
10.2.7 Pressure relief
10.2.8 Valves
10.2.9 Insulation
10.2.10 Degree of filling
10.2.11 Electrical continuity
10.3 Design by calculation
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Inner vessel
10.3.3 Outer jacket
10.3.4 Attachments
10.3.5 Piping and accessories
10.3.6 Calculation formula
10.3.7 Calculations for operating loads
11 Fabrication
11.1 General
11.2 Cutting
11.3 Cold forming
11.3.1 Austenitic stainless steel
11.3.2 Ferritic steel
11.3.3 Aluminium or aluminium alloy
11.4 Hot forming
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Austenitic stainless steel
11.4.3 Ferritic steel
11.4.4 Aluminium or aluminium alloy
11.5 Manufacturing tolerances
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Plate alignment
11.5.3 Thickness
11.5.4 Dished ends
11.5.5 Cylinders
11.6 Welding
11.6.1 General
11.6.2 Qualification
11.6.3 Temporary attachments
11.6.4 Welded joints
11.7 Non-welded joints
12 Inspection and testing
12.1 Quality plan
12.1.1 General
12.1.2 Inspection stages during manufacture of an inner vessel
12.1.3 Additional inspection stages during manufacture of a large transportable cryogenic vessel
12.2 Production control test plates
12.2.1 Requirements
12.2.2 Extent of testing
12.3 Non-destructive testing
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Extent of examination for surface imperfections
12.3.3 Extent of examination for inner-vessel weld seams
12.3.4 Acceptance criteria for surface and volumetric imperfections as classified in ISO 6520-1
12.4 Rectification
12.5 Pressure testing
13 Marking and labelling
14 Final acceptance test
15 Periodic inspection
16 Documentation
Annex A (informative) Examples of tank plates
Annex B (informative) Elastic stress analysis
Annex C (normative) Additional requirements for 9 % Ni steel
Annex D (normative) Pressure strengthening of vessels from austenitic stainless steels
Annex E (informative) Specific weld details
Annex F (normative) Outer-jacket relief devices
Annex G (informative) Base materials
Annex H (informative) Components subject to external pressure (pressure on the convex surface) — Calculation
Annex I (informative) Design of openings in cylinders, spheres and cones — Calculation
Annex J (normative) Reference material & equivalent thickness
Annex K (normative) Refrigerated liquefied gases
Bibliography
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Foreword
Introduction
1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
4 Symbols
5 General requirements
6 Mechanical loads
6.1 General
6.2 Load during the pressure test
7 Chemical effects
8 Thermal conditions
9 Materials
9.1 Selection of materials
9.2 Inspection documentation
10 Design
10.1 Design options
10.1.1 General
10.1.2 Design by calculation
10.1.3 Design by calculation and pressure strengthening
10.1.4 Design of components by calculation supplemented with experimental methods
10.2 Common design requirements
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 Design specification
10.2.3 Design loads
10.2.4 Fatigue
10.2.5 Corrosion allowance
10.2.6 Inspection openings
10.2.7 Pressure relief
10.2.8 Valves
10.2.9 Insulation
10.2.10 Degree of filling
10.2.11 Electrical continuity
10.3 Design by calculation
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Inner vessel
10.3.3 Outer jacket
10.3.4 Attachments
10.3.5 Piping and accessories
10.3.6 Calculation formula
10.3.7 Calculations for operating loads
11 Fabrication
11.1 General
11.2 Cutting
11.3 Cold forming
11.3.1 Austenitic stainless steel
11.3.2 Ferritic steel
11.3.3 Aluminium or aluminium alloy
11.4 Hot forming
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Austenitic stainless steel
11.4.3 Ferritic steel
11.4.4 Aluminium or aluminium alloy
11.5 Manufacturing tolerances
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Plate alignment
11.5.3 Thickness
11.5.4 Dished ends
11.5.5 Cylinders
11.6 Welding
11.6.1 General
11.6.2 Qualification
11.6.3 Temporary attachments
11.6.4 Welded joints
11.7 Non-welded joints
12 Inspection and testing
12.1 Quality plan
12.1.1 General
12.1.2 Inspection stages during manufacture of an inner vessel
12.1.3 Additional inspection stages during manufacture of a large transportable cryogenic vessel
12.2 Production control test plates
12.2.1 Requirements
12.2.2 Extent of testing
12.3 Non-destructive testing
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Extent of examination for surface imperfections
12.3.3 Extent of examination for inner-vessel weld seams
12.3.4 Acceptance criteria for surface and volumetric imperfections as classified in ISO 6520-1
12.4 Rectification
12.5 Pressure testing
13 Marking and labelling
14 Final acceptance test
15 Periodic inspection
16 Documentation
Annex A (informative) Examples of tank plates
Annex B (informative) Elastic stress analysis
Annex C (normative) Additional requirements for 9 % Ni steel
Annex D (normative) Pressure strengthening of vessels from austenitic stainless steels
Annex E (informative) Specific weld details
Annex F (normative) Outer-jacket relief devices
Annex G (informative) Base materials
Annex H (informative) Components subject to external pressure (pressure on the convex surface) — Calculation
Annex I (informative) Design of openings in cylinders, spheres and cones — Calculation
Annex J (normative) Reference material & equivalent thickness
Annex K (normative) Refrigerated liquefied gases
Bibliography